Carbon pricing approaches for climate decisions in U.S. higher education: Proxy carbon prices for deep decarbonization

Given the slow policy response by governments, climate leadership by other institutions has become an essential part of maintaining policy momentum, driving innovation, and fostering social dialogue. Despite growth in carbon pricing in government and the private sector, our review suggests low, but growing, adoption of internal carbon prices (ICPs) by higher education institutions (HEIs), who may be uniquely suited to implement and refine these tools. We analyze the range of ICP tools in use by eleven U.S. HEIs and discuss tradeoffs. Our analysis identifies several reasons why proxy carbon prices may be especially well-suited to decisions (especially at the system-scale) around carbon neutrality at a wide range of institutions. Using a unique dataset covering 10 years of real-world analysis with a proxy carbon price, we analyze the interaction of ICPs with life cycle cost analysis to start to identify when and how internal carbon pricing will be most likely to shift decisions. We discuss how schools and other institutions can collaborate and experiment with these tools to help drive good climate decision-making and inform climate policy at larger scales.

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Carbon pricing under uncertainty

International Tax and Public Finance ◽

10.1007/s10797-021-09686-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frederick van der Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Term Structure ◽

Discount Rate ◽

Carbon Price ◽

Abatement Cost ◽

Risk Tolerance ◽

Policy Uncertainty ◽

Carbon Pricing ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽

Wide Range

AbstractEconomists have adopted the Pigouvian approach to climate policy, which sets the carbon price to the social cost of carbon. We adjust this carbon price for macroeconomic uncertainty and disasters by deriving the risk-adjusted discount rate. We highlight ethics- versus market-based calibrations and discuss the effects of a falling term structure of the discount rate. Given the wide range of estimates used for marginal damages and the discount rate, it is unsurprising that negotiators and policy makers have rejected the Pigouvian approach and adopted a more pragmatic approach based on a temperature cap. The corresponding cap on cumulative emissions is lower if risk tolerance and temperature sensitivity are more uncertain. The carbon price then grows much faster than under the Pigouvian approach and discuss how this rate of growth is adjusted by economic and abatement cost risks. We then analyse how policy uncertainty and technological breakthrough can lead to the risk of stranded assets. Finally, we discuss various obstacles to successful carbon pricing.

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Design Study of Condenser and Circulation System

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1971.8.2.159 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 159-185

Author(s):

Sterling A. Fielding

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Circulation System ◽

Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽

Trade Routes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Flow Through ◽

Drawing Board ◽

Design Characteristics ◽

Guidance Study ◽

Design Guidance

Economical performance of steam condensers is controlled largely from the drawing board and computer room; not by the ship's crew. The design characteristics of the condenser and circulation system determine condenser performance, except for the effect of tube cleanliness. Seawater for the circulation system varies from 35 to 82.5 F over a wide range of commercial trade routes. However, on certain routes the variation is from 35 to 60 F; on others 65 to 82.5 F. A survey was made of seawater temperatures for selected trade routes, and results plotted graphically for design guidance. Study has been directed toward design of condensers and circulation systems for special-purpose and for universal-type ship operations. A series pump-scoop arrangement is proposed to provide favorable control of flow through condenser. Variations in condenser and circulation system design are evaluated by a life-cycle cost analysis. A computer program for calculating condenser design characteristics, for checking condenser performance, and for analyzing scoop performance is appended.

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Alternative carbon price trajectories can avoid excessive carbon removal

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22211-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Strefler ◽

Elmar Kriegler ◽

Nico Bauer ◽

Gunnar Luderer ◽

Robert C. Pietzcker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Carbon Budget ◽

Carbon Price ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Carbon Prices ◽

Change Mitigation ◽

Over Time

AbstractThe large majority of climate change mitigation scenarios that hold warming below 2 °C show high deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), resulting in a peak-and-decline behavior in global temperature. This is driven by the assumption of an exponentially increasing carbon price trajectory which is perceived to be economically optimal for meeting a carbon budget. However, this optimality relies on the assumption that a finite carbon budget associated with a temperature target is filled up steadily over time. The availability of net carbon removals invalidates this assumption and therefore a different carbon price trajectory should be chosen. We show how the optimal carbon price path for remaining well below 2 °C limits CDR demand and analyze requirements for constructing alternatives, which may be easier to implement in reality. We show that warming can be held at well below 2 °C at much lower long-term economic effort and lower CDR deployment and therefore lower risks if carbon prices are high enough in the beginning to ensure target compliance, but increase at a lower rate after carbon neutrality has been reached.

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Life-cycle cost analysis for façade retrofit measures of residential buildings in Cairo

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x211040242 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1420326X2110402

Author(s):

Medhat Kazem ◽

Sherif Ezzeldin ◽

Osama Tolba

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Wide Range

Nowadays, energy retrofit for existing buildings has become a worldwide approach to reduce total energy consumption. A wide range of energy-efficient retrofit measures is actively affecting the decision process, of which retrofit alternatives should be used. The existing study aims to evaluate the effects of façade retrofit measures in residential buildings in Cairo using life-cycle cost analysis. An extensive variety of façade retrofit alternatives was explored individually and combined. A hypothetical benchmark building was used as a reference to represent typical residential buildings in Cairo. DesignBuilder was adopted to assess and quantify the energy-saving potentials for the proposed measures. The evaluation process was based on a parametric analysis of four major façade parameters that are affecting building energy performance; exterior wall configuration, glazing type, window-to-wall ratio and external shading. Thermal characteristics for façade retrofit measures were analysed to give a better understanding of the thermal performance for each retrofitting case. Results showed that the most cost-effective alternative for façade retrofit is to install a 1 m overhang as an external shading device, which reached 1.4% life-cycle cost saving and 18% energy saving. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for the main life-cycle cost supplements was presented to show major variables that are affecting life-cycle cost analysis.

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Economic Evaluation of Multislice Computed Tomography Scanners Through a Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/may2014/49 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 158-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Morfonios A. Morfonios ◽

◽

D. Kaitelidou D. Kaitelidou ◽

G. Filntisis G. Filntisis ◽

G. Baltopoulos G. Baltopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Economic Evaluation ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Multislice Computed Tomography ◽

Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽

Tomography Scanners

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The (Mis)Uses of Race in Research on College Students: A Systematic Review

JCSCORE ◽

10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2017.3.1.5-41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 5-41

Author(s):

Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

College Students ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Student Affairs ◽

Educational Outcomes ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Higher Education Journals ◽

Wide Range ◽

Implicit And Explicit

Race has been one of the most controversial subjects studied by scholars across a wide range of disciplines as they debate whether races actually exist and whether race matters in determining life, social, and educational outcomes. Missing from the literature are investigations into various ways race gets applied in research, especially in higher education and student affairs. This review explores how scholars use race in their framing, operationalizing, and interpreting of research on college students. Through a systematic content analysis of three higher education journals over five years, this review elucidates scholars’ varied racial applications as well as potential implicit and explicit messages about race being sent by those applications and inconsistencies within articles. By better understanding how race is used in higher education and student affairs research, scholars can be more purposeful in their applications to reduce problematic messages about the essentialist nature of race and deficit framing of certain racial groups.

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