scholarly journals Computational Modeling of Music Cognition: A Case Study on Model Selection

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henkjan Honing
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Limited Range

While the most common way of evaluating a computational model is to see whether it shows a good fit with the empirical data, recent literature on theory testing and model selection criticizes the assumption that this is actually strong evidence for the validity of a model. This article presents a case study from music cognition (modeling the ritardandi in music performance) and compares two families of computational models (kinematic and perceptual) using three different model selection criteria: goodness-of-fit, model simplicity, and the degree of surprise in the predictions. In the light of what counts as strong evidence for a model’s validity—namely that it makes limited range, nonsmooth, and relatively surprising predictions—the perception-based model is preferred over the kinematic model.

scholarly journals Public Transit Loyalty Modeling Considering the Effect of Passengers’ Emotional Value: A Case Study in Xiamen, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-chao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Index Score ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
Emotional Value

To better sustain passengers’ loyalty towards bus service, this paper addressed the modeling of the public transit loyalty by the use of structural equation model. As a novel hypothesis, the emotional value was considered to have effects on the perceived value of bus services in this study, which reflected the degree of passengers’ emotional dependence on the public transit. Specifically, in order to better assess the loyalty, seven unobserved variables were measured to construct the structural model, namely, “service guarantee,” “operational services and efficiency,” “emotional value,” “perceived value,” “expectation,” “satisfaction,” and “loyalty.” The goodness-of-fit of the model was estimated and evaluated by using the survey data harvested from Xiamen, China. Besides, the index score of variables was also computed to help determine targeted approaches to better improve the level of bus service. The results indicated that the time cost and the monetary cost actually had no effects on the perceived value of users in the case study. At the same time, however, it also proved that passengers’ emotional value towards the public transit indeed affected passengers’ perception of the service value. In addition, whether users’ perceived value was as expected determined how much passengers satisfied with the service. Regarding the index score of variables, it indicated a great dissatisfaction of passengers towards the current bus service. Unexpectedly, the score of loyalty even still retained a relatively high level, which reflected continue-to-use willingness of passengers. It implied that being subject to economic conditions and other factors, passengers were captive and had to continue relying on the public transit, in spite of their dissatisfaction. As for the improvement direction of bus services, targeted approaches should be determined to improve the quality of bus service, regarding the aspects of “condition of facilities in the bus,” “driving stability and comfort,” “vehicle speed,” and “safety.”

scholarly journals On the modeling of the interaction between tumor growth and the immune system using some new fractional and fractional-fractal operators

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Uniqueness Of The Solution ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
New Research

Abstract Humans are always exposed to the threat of infectious diseases. It has been proven that there is a direct link between the strength or weakness of the immune system and the spread of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, AIDS, and Covid-19 as soon as the immune system has no the power to fight infections and infectious diseases. Moreover, it has been proven that mathematical modeling is a great tool to accurately describe complex biological phenomena. In the recent literature, we can easily find that these effective tools provide important contributions to our understanding and analysis of such problems such as tumor growth. This is indeed one of the main reasons for the need to study computational models of how the immune system interacts with other factors involved. To this end, in this paper, we present some new approximate solutions to a computational formulation that models the interaction between tumor growth and the immune system with several fractional and fractal operators. The operators used in this model are the Liouville–Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio, and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo in both fractional and fractal-fractional senses. The existence and uniqueness of the solution in each of these cases is also verified. To complete our analysis, we include numerous numerical simulations to show the behavior of tumors. These diagrams help us explain mathematical results and better describe related biological concepts. In many cases the approximate results obtained have a chaotic structure, which justifies the complexity of unpredictable and uncontrollable behavior of cancerous tumors. As a result, the newly implemented operators certainly open new research windows in further computational models arising in the modeling of different diseases. It is confirmed that similar problems in the field can be also be modeled by the approaches employed in this paper.

Recent Literature on Sanctions - Iraq Under Siege: The Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War, Anthony Arnove, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2000), 216 pp., $40 cloth, $16 paper. - “The Effect of Iraqi Sanctions: Statistical Pitfalls and Responsibility,” Amatzia Baram, Middle East Journal 54 (Spring2000), pp. 194–223. - United Nations Sanctions Management: A Case Study of the Iraq Sanctions Committee, 1990–1994, Paul Conlon (Ardsley, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, 2000), 350 pp., $115 cloth. - Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Anthony H. Cordesman (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1999), 712 pp., $75 cloth. - The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s, David Cortright and George A. Lopez, eds. (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000), 274 pp., $17.95 paper. - The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations, Daniel W. Drezner (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 362 pp., $59.95 cloth, $24.95 paper. - Sanctioning Saddam: The Politics of Intervention in Iraq, Sarah Graham-Brown (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999), 400 pp., $35 cloth. - Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy, Richard N. Haass, ed. (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Books, 1998), 220 pp., $17.95 paper. - Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, Richard N. Haass and Meghan L. O'Sullivan, eds. (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), 168 pp., $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper.

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Brookings Institution ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Economic Statecraft

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrological Model Selection on Simulation of Moderate and Extreme Flow Events: A Case Study of the Blue Nile Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Onyutha
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Extreme Flow

Five hydrological models were applied based on data from the Blue Nile Basin. Optimal parameters of each model were obtained by automatic calibration. Model performance was tested under both moderate and extreme flow conditions. Extreme events for the model performance evaluation were extracted based on seven criteria. Apart from graphical techniques, there were nine statistical “goodness-of-fit” metrics used to judge the model performance. It was found that whereas the influence of model selection may be minimal in the simulation of normal flow events, it can lead to large under- and/or overestimations of extreme events. Besides, the selection of the best model for extreme events may be influenced by the choice of the statistical “goodness-of-fit” measures as well as the criteria for extraction of high and low flows. It was noted that the use of overall water-balance-based objective function not only is suitable for moderate flow conditions but also influences the models to perform better for high flows than low flows. Thus, the choice of a particular model is recommended to be made on a case by case basis with respect to the objectives of the modeling as well as the results from evaluation of the intermodel differences.

Sample size and informetric model goodness-of-fit outcomes: a search engine log case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isola Ajiferuke ◽  
Dietmar Wolfram ◽  
Felix Famoye
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Goodness Of Fit

Hierarchical Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Modeling and Analysis of User Affective Influence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Jianxin (Roger) Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Human Decision

Traditional user experience (UX) models are mostly qualitative in terms of its measurement and structure. This paper proposes a quantitative UX model based on cumulative prospect theory. It takes a decision making perspective between two alternative design profiles. However, affective elements are well-known to have influence on human decision making, the prevailing computational models for analyzing and simulating human perception on UX are mainly cognition-based models. In order to incorporate both affective and cognitive factors in the decision making process, we manipulate the parameters involved in the cumulative prospect model to show the affective influence. Specifically, three different affective states are induced to shape the model parameters. A hierarchical Bayesian model with a technique called Markov chain Monte Carlo is used to estimate the parameters. A case study of aircraft cabin interior design is illustrated to show the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Case Study - Alpha

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 5040
Author(s):  
Stephen Leybourne
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Boston University ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Discount ◽  
Discount Stores

This case study was developed from an actual scenario by Dr. Steve Leybourne of Boston University.  The case documents the historical evolution of an organization, and has been used successfully in courses dealing with organizational and cultural change, and the utilization of ‘soft skills’ in project-based management.This is a short case, ideal for classroom use and discussion.  The issues are easily accessible to students, and there is a single wide ranging question that allows for the inclusion of many issues surrounding strategic decision-making, and behavioural and cultural change.Alpha was one of the earlier companies in the USA to invest in large, edge-of-town superstores, with plentiful free vehicle parking, selling food and related household products.Alpha was created in the 1950s as a subsidiary of a major publicly quoted retail group.  It started business by opening a string of very large discount stores in converted industrial and warehouse premises in the south of the United States. In the early days shoppers were offered a limited range of very competitively priced products.When Alpha went public in 1981 it was the fourth largest food retailer in the US, selling an ever-widening range of food and non-food products.  Its success continued to be based on high volume, low margins and good value for money, under the slogan of ‘Alpha Price.’ 

scholarly journals Evaluating performances of simplified physically based models for landslide susceptibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 13217-13256 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Formetta ◽  
G. Capparelli ◽  
P. Versace
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Susceptibility Analysis ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Physically Based Models

Abstract. Rainfall induced shallow landslides cause loss of life and significant damages involving private and public properties, transportation system, etc. Prediction of shallow landslides susceptible locations is a complex task that involves many disciplines: hydrology, geotechnical science, geomorphology, and statistics. Usually to accomplish this task two main approaches are used: statistical or physically based model. Reliable models' applications involve: automatic parameters calibration, objective quantification of the quality of susceptibility maps, model sensitivity analysis. This paper presents a methodology to systemically and objectively calibrate, verify and compare different models and different models performances indicators in order to individuate and eventually select the models whose behaviors are more reliable for a certain case study. The procedure was implemented in package of models for landslide susceptibility analysis and integrated in the NewAge-JGrass hydrological model. The package includes three simplified physically based models for landslides susceptibility analysis (M1, M2, and M3) and a component for models verifications. It computes eight goodness of fit indices by comparing pixel-by-pixel model results and measurements data. Moreover, the package integration in NewAge-JGrass allows the use of other components such as geographic information system tools to manage inputs-output processes, and automatic calibration algorithms to estimate model parameters. The system was applied for a case study in Calabria (Italy) along the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway, between Cosenza and Altilia municipality. The analysis provided that among all the optimized indices and all the three models, the optimization of the index distance to perfect classification in the receiver operating characteristic plane (D2PC) coupled with model M3 is the best modeling solution for our test case.

scholarly journals Creating an Outreach Plan That Accounts for the Seen and Unforeseen

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Zoe Bastone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Academic Librarians ◽  
Academic Year

Outreach is a necessary component of an academic library’s operations and often requires extensive time for the planning, approval, execution, and assessment depending on the personnel involved and the scope of the event. Recent literature has started to examine how academic libraries are planning outreach to align strategically with the goals of their larger institutions, but not how they balance these efforts when new opportunities arise throughout the academic year. This article will provide a brief analysis of the literature which addresses issues that academic librarians who plan outreach face. The second half of this article will provide a case study of how the author planned, created, and implemented an outreach plan at her academic branch library. This case study will detail the process of how she used an outreach plan to establish outreach that was efficient and impactful with limited staffing, while also aligning strategically with the goals of her library and the larger institution. In addition, this case study will detail how she used this outreach plan throughout the 2019-2020 academic year to guide decision making when new outreach opportunities would arise. This article will conclude with lessons learned from this process.

scholarly journals Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Its Impact across Industries – Unlocking the True Potential of Digital Healthcare (A Case Study Approach)

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Sourajit Roy ◽  
Pankaj Pathak ◽  
S. Nithya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Language Complexity ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Data Variability

During the advent of the 21st century, technical breakthroughs and developments took place. Natural Language Processing or NLP is one of their promising disciplines that has been increasingly dynamic via groundbreaking findings on most computer networks. Because of the digital revolution the amounts of data generated by M2M communication across devices and platforms such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, Microsoft Cortana, etc. were significantly increased. This causes a great deal of unstructured data to be processed that does not fit in with standard computational models. In addition, the increasing problems of language complexity, data variability and voice ambiguity make implementing models increasingly harder. The current study provides an overview of the potential and breadth of the NLP market and its acceptance in industry-wide, in particular after Covid-19. It also gives a macroscopic picture of progress in natural language processing research, development and implementation.

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