An Archeology of Mexican Modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-262
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ann Myers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Critical Practice ◽  
Spatial Studies ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Repressed Memories ◽  
Space Race ◽  
Representation Of Space

Cultural analysts have noted similarities between Alfonso Cuarón’s Colonia Roma and José Emilio Pacheco’s Colonia Roma, depicted twenty years earlier in his best-selling novel Las batallas en el desierto (1981). But no one has examined how Pacheco’s work studies the emerging relationship between modernization and the racialization of space, which Cuarón’s film Roma later captured for a global audience. Pacheco’s depictions of a spatialized interaction between social classes in mid-twentieth-century Colonia Roma, I argue, offer an archeology of space, race, class, and modernity that attempts to counteract forces of social amnesia following a period of repression and censorship. Drawing on the critical practice of spatial studies, I look beyond the flat representation of space and study instead how a multidimensional spatialization depicted in this work reveals the legacy of Spanish colonial infrastructures of race and the emerging formulation of modernity. Indeed, Pacheco’s novel tells the story of repressed memories and unearths the infrastructures of a coloniality/modernity that continue to affect Mexico today.

‘Genuine Invariants’: The Origins of Regional Modernity in Twentieth-Century Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 299-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Tippey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
Colonial Empire

During the decades that followed the loss in 1898 of Spain's last colony, Spanish architecture languished in a turbulent search for identity. In this search, some architects argued for a return to the historic architecture of the Spanish colonial empire, while others followed the progressive ideas of the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Finally, in the mid-1940s, Spain's architects began to progress towards a successful reconciliation of these two seemingly opposed camps. A critical moment occurred in 1947 with the publication of Fernando Chueca Goitia's watershed textInvariantes Castizos de la Arquitectura Española (Genuine Invariants of Spanish Architecture).In this text, which Chueca conceived as a pocket reference for Spain's Modern architects, he described Spain as a unique place where the diverse architecture of Christian Europe and Islamic North Africa coalesced into a new — and essentially Spanish — whole. In it, he called on Spain's architects to move beyond superficial considerations of both history and modernity, and to arrive at a genuine, self-critical identity for Spanish architecture.

Beweren of bewijzen

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-228
Author(s):  
Mathijs Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Critical Practice ◽  
Critical Writing ◽  
And Function

Abstract Claiming or Proving. Models in Dutch Literary Criticism around 1917The first two decades of the twentieth century saw a rapid expansion of literary criticism in the Dutch literary field. Models played an important role in contemporary debates about the nature and function of criticism. In search for new modes of critical writing after the Movement of 1880, critics (consciously or not) made use of discursive conventions, textual genres and exemplary predecessors in order to determine their own critical practice. This article develops a model for studying the specific features and functions of models in literary criticism by analyzing a questionnaire in the Dutch weekly magazine De Groene Amsterdammer in 1917.

scholarly journals Social class tensions, habitus and the advertising of Guinness

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Connolly ◽  
Paddy Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Power Relation ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Commercial Organization

Drawing from an Eliasian perspective we examine how an ‘advertising subjectivity’ became more firmly embedded within the bourgeois habitus. We explain how and why advertising slowly developed and expanded within a commercial organization despite initial opposition, ambivalence and even hostility from some of its bourgeois senior management towards the practice – the very social class sometimes identified with advertising’s origins and advance. Our empirical case is based on Arthur Guinness & Sons Ltd, the Irish company which came to be renowned for the alcohol beverage which carried its name – Guinness stout. We explain how the development of advertising was impelled by a series of processes that increasingly interlocked; a widening and intensification of competitive commercial interdependencies; a shift in the power balance between the bourgeoisie and aristocracy in favour of the former in Britain; and by a changing consumer habitus in several different nation-states. Central though, as we illustrate, was a process involving the changing power relation between various social classes in Britain – principally the increasing power chances of bourgeoisie in relation to the aristocracy – a process that had advanced considerably by the turn of the twentieth century.

THE CASE OF “JENNY”: DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI AND THE CENSORSHIP DIALECTIC

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Marshik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Critical Practice ◽  
Dante Gabriel Rossetti ◽  
Historical Trajectory

DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTIand his artistic circle are emerging as privileged sites of modernist genesis. Studies by Jessica Feldman (Victorian Modernism: Pragmatism and the Varieties of Aesthetic Experience) and Allison Pease (Modernism, Mass Culture, and the Aesthetics of Obscenity) include Rossetti and Algernon Swinburne, respectively, in their reassessments of modernism. In a complementary move, Jerome McGann argues inDante Gabriel Rossetti and the Game That Must Be Lostthat Rossetti's art anticipates Imagism (44) and is characterized by a “hyper-realism that anticipates certain Postmodern styles” (32). Such work implicitly questions, in Feldman's words, the narratives of “strife, loss, [and] rupture” (4) that have been told about modernism's relationship with its predecessors. By linking nineteenth- and twentieth-century artists in a historical trajectory of aesthetic change, as Pease does, or by effacing the historical through a “web” of Victorian modernism, as Feldman does, it becomes possible to see new relations among authors previously separated by critical practice. Rossetti and associates enjoy a new spotlight as they become modern through their aesthetic productions and domestic arrangements.

Southwest Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel de Baca
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
American Subject ◽  
Modern Artists

Southwest Modernism refers to modern artists who were drawn to the style and subject matter of indigenous and Spanish colonial culture in the American Southwest, especially during the first half of the twentieth century. For some, the appropriation of uniquely American subject matter helped distinguish their practice from European Modernism at a time of great transatlantic collaboration. The rugged landscape, distinctive architecture and colorful Native American and Hispanic religious artifacts appealed to those who had grown weary of modern city dwelling. Such an appropriation of rural, native and non-Western visual and material culture has always been vital for the development of Modernism.

Slovak Folk Song, Romani Pop, and Outer Space in the Music of Hudba z Marsu

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Rose Lange
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
World Music ◽  
The West ◽  
Space Race ◽  
West European

With a case study of the Slovak punk band Hudba z Marsu, Chapter 6 illustrates discrepancies that became sources of creative energy in the 1990s and 2000s. It details how Hudba z Marsu incorporated popular motifs from the mid-twentieth-century space race, old Slovak folk recordings, and live folkloric singing. The chapter describes how Hudba z Marsu established connections with local Romani (Gypsy) musicians; the West European world-music industry highlights such collaborations, but this chapter argues that Hudba z Marsu and Romani performers treated their interactions as an everyday matter. The chapter explains how live audiences physically enjoyed Hudba z Marsu’s juxtaposition of eras, identities, and genres. A discussion of musical criticism details how some listeners rejected Hudba z Marsu’s music as a rough effort, while others heard a sophisticated reflection on Slovak identity.

Residential segregation in the American metropolis: concentration, dispersion and dominance

Urban History ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Zunz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Clustering Patterns

Measuring residential segregation is a challenging and crucial task. Many important questions in urban history can be understood fully only after correctly assessing the importance and significance of the clustering patterns of different groups of urbanites. However, the extent to which and the ways in which various social classes, races, and ethnic groups congregated in the expanding industrial metropolis of nineteenth-century America form the subject of heated debates among historians. With large black ghettos now existing in all major cities, experts and lay citizens alike agree that Americans live in a ‘separated society’. In the first half of the twentieth century, metropolitan areas took the form of ghettoized central cities with white suburbs. With the transfer of many urban functions to suburban units, and the shift of America from a nation of urbanites to a nation of suburbanites, a complex pattern of suburban segregation also developed. The universal concern about the magnitude of today's segregation makes the historical debate intriguing. Was it once different? Was there a time when cities were integrated? At some time in the past, many believe, American cities were better places in which to live—hence we should strive to recover our lost community.

The city as a transient home: residential patterns of Moscow workers around the turn of the twentieth century

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA MAZANIK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT:This article examines the social topography and the housing patterns of Moscow workers in the context of their social status and experience of immigration. It argues that in the early twentieth century Moscow was characterized by extremely poor housing conditions and the absence of clear residential segregation of social classes due to the lack of profound planning policy and urban reforms.

The Ancient Mode of Production, the City-State and Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-249
Author(s):  
Carlos García Mac Gaw
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
City State ◽  
The City ◽  
Mode Of Production

Abstract This paper briefly examines the concept of the ancient mode of production as expressed in Karl Marx’s Formations. It looks at how twentieth-century Marxist historiography picks up this concept in its characterisation of the Greco-Roman city-state. It explores the feasibility of the use of the concept in relation to the advancement of knowledge of the city-state, especially through the development of archaeology. It examines how social classes are structured and relations of exploitation are presented. And it analyses the need for politics in the organisation of this socio-economic form in terms of how it is joined up with the social relations of production.

Luxury Hotels and Urban Hostels:

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Keith D. Revell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
Resort Hotels

Luxury Hotels and Urban Hostels: Carl Fisher, Resort Architecture, and the Contrasting Worlds of Miami Beach's Pre-Depression-Era Lodging contrasts two approaches to hotel building in Miami Beach during the early to mid-1920s. Keith D. Revell describes how luxury resort hotels, exemplified by Carl Fisher's Flamingo (1920), offered recreation activities and elaborate venues for socializing for successful businessmen and their families. While these hotels projected affluence and exclusiveness, most of the city's hotels were urban hostels: small in scale, with limited amenities, integrated into the urban grid, and serving a broad array of middle- and working-class visitors. Although both luxury hotels and urban hostels were decorated with Spanish colonial motifs, they differed markedly in size, siting, function, and audience. Luxury hotels and urban hostels thus show how different approaches to city building and urban image making—one developer led, the other market led—shaped the nation's premier winter resort in the early twentieth century.

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