The Ethnicity of Things in America's Lacquered Age

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
The Relationship

This essay analyzes the cultural meaning of the enormous popularity of, and significance attributed to, Japanese objects in the United States during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. By locating this significance at the intersection of the United States' racial, economic, and material imaginaries, the essay argues for an interpretation of the Japanese object as an "ethnic thing" that suggests new ways of understanding of the relationship between objectification and racialization.

Terrible Revolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Blythe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Norms ◽  
Violent Images ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The relationship between Mormons and the United States was marked by anxiety and hostility. Nineteenth-century Latter-day Saints looked forward to apocalyptic events that would unseat corrupt governments across the globe but would particularly decimate the tyrannical government of the United States. Mormons turned to prophecies of divine deliverance by way of plagues, natural disasters, foreign invasions, American Indian raids, slave uprisings, or civil war unleashed on American cities and American people. For the Saints, these violent images promised an end to their oppression. It also promised a national rebirth as part of the millennial Kingdom of God that would vouchsafe the protections of the U.S. Constitution. Blythe examines apocalypticism across the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, particularly as it would take shape in localized and personalized forms in the writings and visions of ordinary Latter-day Saints outside of the church’s leadership. By following the official response of church leaders to lay prophecy, Blythe shows how the hierarchy, committed to a form of separatist nationalism of their own, encouraged apocalypticism during the nineteenth century. Yet, after Utah obtained statehood, as the church sought to accommodate to national norms for religious denominations, leaders sought to lessen the tensions between themselves and American political and cultural powers. As a result, visions of a violent end to the nation became a liability, and leaders began to disavow and regulate these apocalyptic narratives especially as they showed up among the laity.

scholarly journals Cosmotopia Delineated: Rammohun Roy, William Adam, and the Calcutta Unitarian Committee

Itinerario ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-470
Author(s):  
Clare Midgley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article seeks to establish the value of the concept of cosmotopia to historians of intercultural connections through presenting a case study of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee, which was active between 1821 and 1828. In tandem, it aims to enhance understanding of the origins of one particularly sustained set of intercultural connections: the interfaith network which developed between an influential group of Hindu religious and social reformers, the Brahmo Samaj, and western Unitarian Christians. The article focusses on the collaboration between the two leading figures on the Committee: Rammohun Roy, the renowned founder of the Brahmo Samaj, who is often described as the Father of Modern India; and William Adam, a Scottish Baptist missionary who was condemned as the “second fallen Adam” after his “conversion” to Unitarianism by Rammohun Roy, and who went on to cofound a utopian community in the United States. It explores the Calcutta Unitarian Committee's activities within the cosmopolitan milieu of early colonial Calcutta, and clarifies its role in the emergence of the Brahmo Samaj, in the development of a unique approach to Christian mission among Unitarians, and in laying the foundations of a transnational network whose members were in the vanguard of religious innovation, radical social reform, and debates on the “woman question” in nineteenth-century India, Britain, and the United States. In conclusion, the article draws on the case study to offer some broader reflections on the relationship between utopianism, cosmopolitanism, and colonialism.

The Order of Signs: Perspectives on the Relationship between Language and Thought during the First Century of Widespread Sign Language Teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Speech Acquisition ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
The Relationship

While current debates oppose the cochlear implant's privileging of speech acquisition to teaching sign language, nineteenth-century debates, in contrast, opposed those who saw sign language as a tool for learning to read and write, and those who saw in it an autonomous language for organizing thought itself. Should the order of gestural signs follow written syntax? Or should it have its own coherence, that is, possibly a different syntax and order of enunciation? Starting with these questions, distinct teaching legacies developed, specifying which kinds of signs to use in which context and what role signs were to fulfill. This article focuses on French deaf and hearing teachers whose positions were influential throughout Europe and the United States, moving from Abbé de l'Epée's 1784 method to Rémi Valade's 1854 publication of the first sign language grammar.

Saviors and Scientists: North American Protestant Missionaries and the Development of Anthropology

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. HIGHAM
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Few historians of anthropology and missionary work examine the relationship of Protestant missionaries with nineteenth-century anthropologists and its effect on anthropological portrayals of Indians. This paper poses the question: Does it make a difference that early anthropologists in Canada and the United States also worked as Protestant missionaries or relied on Protestant missionaries for data? Answering yes, it shows how declining support for Indian missions led missionaries to peddle their knowledge of Indians to scholarly institutions. These institutions welcomed missionaries as professionals because of their knowledge, dedication, and time in the field. Such relationships helped create a transnational image of the Indian in late nineteenth-century North American anthropology.

Business History and Economic History

1966 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business History ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
The Relationship

As Fritz Redlich has had occasion to point out, business history is neither of American nor of recent vintage–that interest in company histories which began on the Continent early in the nineteenth century had by 1900 prompted at least one prominent German scholar to suggest how a study of business might be developed into an academic discipline. What was new in the United States was the term “business history,” and what is more relevant for my comments in this paper were the circumstances that led to its emergence as a special field and the effect that this separation has had on the relationship between business history and economic history.

Ulster Unionists and Irish-American Nationalism in the Late Nineteenth Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-43
Author(s):  
Lindsey Flewelling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Irish Nationalism ◽  
American Nationalism ◽  
Irish America ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, Irish unionists increasingly associated Irish-America with violence and extremism. This chapter examines the relationship of Irish unionists and the United States in this era, as unionists denounced American funding of Irish nationalism, condemned Irish Parliamentary Party connections to violence and crime, and feared the threat of separatism. Unionists also emphasized the international appeal of their own movement as they attempted to draw support from the United States in their campaigns against Home Rule. This chapter concludes that the unionists’ approach to the United States was paradoxical and multifaceted, as they attempted to condemn Irish-American influence and extremism while at the same time seeking American aid for their own movement.

Thoreau, Henry David (1817–62)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Gould
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ralph Waldo Emerson ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
New Literature ◽  
Natural Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Thoreau was one of the founders of the new literature that emerged within the fledgling culture of the United States in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. He inherited an education in the classics and in the transcendentalism of his older friend and teacher Ralph Waldo Emerson. Thoreau forged a means of writing which was dedicated to recording particular events in all their transience but capable of rendering graphic the permanent laws of nature and conscience. His incorporation of both confidence and self-questioning into the texture of his writing forms the ground of his standpoint as an observer of human lives and other natural histories. Thoreau’s relation to philosophy goes beyond his inheritance from Plato, Kant, Emerson and Eastern thought. Above all, his quest for philosophy is evident in the ways his writing seeks its own foundations. It is in the act of writing that Thoreau locates the perspectives within which to give an account of the humanness of a life. His project is to report sincerely and unselfconsciously a life of passion and simplicity, using himself as a representative of basic human needs and projects. Influenced by Plato’s Republic, Thoreau gives an account of some basic human needs, such as food, shelter and society. But also, like Plato, he shows that the particular institutions by which human needs are met are very far from being necessary. Tracing the relationship between need and necessity is one of the primary goals of Thoreau’s work.

From Lawn Tennis to Eugenics: A History of Women and Sneakers

Costume ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Semmelhack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Since the invention of sneakers in the middle of the nineteenth century, women have been significant in both their production and consumption. 1 Despite this long history, women's relationship with sneakers has been complicated by larger issues ranging from dissonance between female athleticism and ideals of female desirability to issues of exclusion related to the overt hyper-masculinity embedded in modern sneaker culture. This article will focus on the sociological forces at play in the relationship between women and sneakers, predominantly in the United States and Britain, from the popularization of lawn tennis in the 1870s through to the start of the Second World War, a period in which exercise, morality and ideal femininity became redefined through the lens of ‘fitness’, by which was often meant preparedness for motherhood or attractiveness to men.

scholarly journals The Basques of New Orleans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koldo San Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
American Union ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Basques have found their way to many corners of the world, and one of those is the distinctive city of New Orleans in the United States. The relationship of Basques with Louisiana antedates the independence of the United States, and, of course, incorporation of that territory into the American Union. The Basque presence was most evident throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, when a significant community of Basque mariners resided in New Orleans. This article provides a historical overview of the Basque connection to Louisiana, from the expulsion of the Acadians that sent Basques south, the arrival of Basque mariners, and those relocated Basques from Mexico. General immigrants found their way there as merchants, storekeepers, accountants and blacksmiths and in time a Basque District emerged. There was also a Basque religious presence. The article brings to light the Basque presence.

scholarly journals The Sh(e)aring Economy. Debates on the Law on Takings

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nofar Sheffi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rethinking ‘sharing’ and the relationship between ‘sharing’ and ‘jurisdiction’, this meander proceeds in three parts. It begins with a journey to and through the forests of the nineteenth-century Rhineland, rereading Marx’s journalistic reports on debates in the Sixth Rhine Province Assembly about proposed amendments to forest regulation (including an extension of the definition of ‘wood theft’ to include the gathering of fallen wood) as a reflection on the making of law by legal bodies. From the forests of the Rhineland, the paper journeys to the forests of England, retracing the common story about the development, by legal bodies, of the body of common law principles applicable to ‘innkeeping’. Traveling to and through the ‘concrete jungles’ of the United States of America, the paper concludes with a reflection on Airbnb’s common story of creation as well as debates about the legality of Airbnb, Airbnb-ing, and ‘sharing’.

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