High prevalence of diabetes in young people in Bangalore, India

Background and aims: The burden of diabetes in India is increasing, especially in cities. We conducted a cross- sectional survey of the prevalence of diabetes and a measure of prediabetes in an urban population in Bangalore, India.Methods: Screening was conducted free of charge and without need for a prior appointment in 32 screening sites throughout Bangalore. Diabetes was defined either on the basis of a self-reported prior diagnosis or as undiagnosed diabetes on the basis of a random blood glucose measurement of >11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). A second index of dysglycaemia, termed prediabetes, was defined as a random blood glucose measurement of >7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) but less than 11.1 mmol/L.Results: The study population comprised 3,691 subjects, screened over a period of 15 months. Previously diagnosed diabetes was present in 818 patients (22.2%), previously undiagnosed diabetes in 67 patients (1.8%) and the additional measure of prediabetes in 221 patients (6%). Accordingly, almost one-third of subjects (30%) had diabetes or prediabetes by our criteria. Diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) and prediabetes were more common in older subjects than younger subjects, as would be expected.Conclusions: We observed high rates of dysglycaemia in a large urban population in Bangalore. Our data add to previous reports of a substantial burden of abnormal glucose regulation in this setting. Additional public health initiatives are required to protect the citizens of Bangalore from diabetes and its future complications.

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Diabetes amongst Leprosy-Disabled People in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Survey

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v6i2.31293 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 100-106

Author(s):

C Ruth Butlin ◽

Delwar Hossain ◽

Suren Singh ◽

TS Warrender

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Self Care ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Disabled People ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

Prick Test ◽

Random Blood Glucose ◽

Total Prevalence

Background: Diabetes and leprosy are chronic conditions for which patients need to practise self-care. Little is known about how patients manage such comorbidities in Bangladesh.Methods: Leprosy disabled people in north-west Bangladesh were surveyed for diabetes. Random blood glucose levels were measured. Data on disability levels and body mass index were collected and diabetic subjects were interviewed about self-care for their disease.Results: Of the 3573 people with leprosy-related disability surveyed, 97(2.7%) were previously diagnosed with diabetes. They were variously receiving treatment and advice from specialist clinic services or other sources; 65% were on regular medication and only 16% were attending clinic for review more frequently than once in 3 months. Other patients were not receiving regular treatment or medical attention for their diabetes. A random blood glucose done by finger prick test showed 51/97 had levels >11.0 mmol/l and 20/97 had levels >18.0 mmol/l. Their self-reported compliance with medical advice was low. Amongst leprosy-disabled people, not previously known to be diabetic, with random blood glucose >11.0 mmol/l, referred for further assessment. Another 47 cases were confirmed to have diabetes making total prevalence about 4% in this population.Conclusions: The survey results suggest that routine screening for diabetes amongst people affected by leprosy should be considered and that special attention needs to be directed to the ability and motivation of people with leprosy related disability to manage their own diabetes self-care.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 100-106

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Random blood glucose measurement for epidemiological studies: its significance and limitations

Current Medical Research and Opinion ◽

10.1185/03007995.2012.659243 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 447-448

Author(s):

Tomoyuki Kawada

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Blood Glucose Measurement ◽

Glucose Measurement ◽

Random Blood Glucose

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Pilot Study of Pharmacists’ Attitudes towards and Expectations for Remuneration of Valueadded Pharmacy Services (VAPS) in Bulgaria

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.62.e39371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 324-330

Author(s):

Stefan V. Balkanski ◽

Joana I. Simeonova ◽

Stanislav R. Gueorguiev ◽

Elina S. Petkova-Gueorguieva ◽

Ivan G. Gitev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Value Added ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Glucose Measurement ◽

Glucose Measurement ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Pharmacy Services ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Value-added pharmacy services (VAPS) are additional services to the traditional pharmacy activities, which do not include dispensing of medicinal products and professional consultation. These services have cost reduction effect on the healthcare system and add value to the work of the pharmacist as a healthcare professional. Aim: To assess the pharmacists’ attitudes and expectations towards the remuneration of value-added pharmacy services (VAPS) in Bulgaria. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study including pharmacists working in community pharmacies was carried out between August 2018 and October 2018. A web-based 15-item questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was distributed to all members of the Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Union (n=5165). Two hundred thirty-three questionnaires were filled in and returned (response rate of 4.5%). Data were processed by SPSS v. 24.0. Results: Over 51% of the community pharmacies in Bulgaria offer VAPS, mainly measuring blood pressure (67.4%) and blood glucose (12.9%). Over two-thirds of the pharmacists considered charging a remuneration fee for blood pressure measurement irrelevant. About 30.5% of those who held the opposite opinion proposed that the fee charged should not be higher than EUR 2.56. Over 44% of the respondents proposed that the fee for blood glucose measurement should not be higher than the same amount. Most pharmacists (98.3%) supported the idea of charging a remuneration fee for injections and influenza vaccination in a pharmacy. Conclusion: The study shows that pharmacists in Bulgaria are ready to offer VAPS, but additional remuneration for the services should be provided.

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Accuracy of Self-Reported Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hyperlipidemia among Adults of Liwan, Guangzhou, China

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4076 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie GUO ◽

Yi YU ◽

Yilu YE ◽

Shudong ZHOU

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Glucose Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Self Reports

Background: We aimed to determine the accuracy of self-reported diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in Chinese adults and examine factors that affect the accuracy of self-reports. Methods: This representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Southeast China. Self-reported data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Biometrical data were recorded, including blood lipid, blood glucose and arterial blood pressure levels. Sensitivity, specificity, and κ values of self-reports were used as measurements of accuracy or agreements. The Robust Poisson-GEE was applied to determine the association of participants’ characteristics with the accuracy of self-reports. Results: Self-reported and biometrical data of 1278 residents aged 18 yr and older (693 women and 585 men) were used to calculate three measures of agreement. The agreement between self-reports and biomedical measurements was substantial for both hypertension and diabetes (κ=0.77 and 0.76), but only slight for hyperlipidemia (κ=0.06). Similarly, the sensitivity was higher for hypertension and diabetes (72.3% and 71.2%) than for hyperlipidemia (6.8%), while the specificity was high overall (≥98%). The factors associated with an accurate self-reported diagnosis in respondents with disease included having undergone blood pressure measurement (for hypertension) or blood glucose measurement (for diabetes) in the past 6 month, having attended health knowledge lectures in the past year and having social health insurances (for hypertension), and having undergone physical discomfort in the past 2 weeks (for hypertension and diabetes). Conclusion: The accuracy of self-reported hypertension and diabetes was high, whereas that of self-reported hyperlipidemia was lower among the population.

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Demographical Factors, Not Lifestyle Factors, Associated with the Increase of Random Blood Glucose in Coastal Areas

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v13i1.8148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Nilam Yusika Sari ◽

Susy K. Sebayang ◽

Septa Indra Puspikawati ◽

Desak Made Sintha Kurnia Dewi ◽

Ayik M. Mandagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Family Health ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

The Body ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Local Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Blood Glucose

Introduction: Blood glucose is an important component in the body produced by the consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. A blood glucose imbalance causes an increase in the blood glucose level in the body. The occurrence of economic changes due to tourism may lead to a change in diet that can lead to increased blood glucose levels. This study aims to analyse the factors related to random blood glucose in people living in coastal tourism areas in BanyuwangiMethods: The study used a cross-sectional survey. A total of 112 respondents were recruited using the random sampling method, using two-stage cluster sampling techniques taken from the Head of household data in multiple villages. The factors studied included demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and family health history.Results: The results showed that men had 28% higher random blood glucose compared to woman. People living in Bangsring had 31% higher random blood glucose compared to those in Buluagung.Conclusion: Local health care services should put extra effort into include men and those living in Bangsring in programs to prevent Diabetes Mellitus in coastal areas.

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Prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes and diabetes among a national population based sample of adults in Zambia: Results of the first national STEPS survey in 2017

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60380/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karl Peltzer ◽

Supa Pengpid

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Blood Glucose Measurement ◽

Glucose Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Steps Survey

Abstract Background: This investigation aimed to estimate the prevalence and its correlates of pre-diabetes and diabetes among 18-69 year-old persons in Zambia.Method: Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 3,608 18-69 year old persons (31 years median age) that participated in the “2017 Zambia STEPS survey,” with complete blood glucose measurement.Results: Results indicate that 8.8% of 18-69 year-olds had pre-diabetes and 7.2% diabetes. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, older age, rural residence, central obesity (or overweight or obesity), hypertension, raised total cholesterol and physical inactivity were associated with pre-diabetes and/or diabetes. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, female sex, lower education, alcohol family problem and alcohol dependence were associated with pre-diabetes and/or diabetes. Only 8.4% of the study sample reported that they ever had their blood glucose examined by a health care professional. Having had blood glucose measured was higher among women (9.6%) than men (7.2%) but not significantly (P=0.08). Residents in urban areas (11.8%) had significantly more often ever their blood glucose measured than residents in rural areas (5.4%) (P<0.001). Among study participants with diabetes, 22.3% were aware, 9.4% were currently taking treatment and 17.1% had controlled their diabetes (<7.0 mmol/L).Conclusion: Almost one in ten participants had pre-diabetes and diabetes and several associated variables were detected which can aid in designing intervention strategies.

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