Diabetes amongst Leprosy-Disabled People in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Survey

Background: Diabetes and leprosy are chronic conditions for which patients need to practise self-care. Little is known about how patients manage such comorbidities in Bangladesh.Methods: Leprosy disabled people in north-west Bangladesh were surveyed for diabetes. Random blood glucose levels were measured. Data on disability levels and body mass index were collected and diabetic subjects were interviewed about self-care for their disease.Results: Of the 3573 people with leprosy-related disability surveyed, 97(2.7%) were previously diagnosed with diabetes. They were variously receiving treatment and advice from specialist clinic services or other sources; 65% were on regular medication and only 16% were attending clinic for review more frequently than once in 3 months. Other patients were not receiving regular treatment or medical attention for their diabetes. A random blood glucose done by finger prick test showed 51/97 had levels >11.0 mmol/l and 20/97 had levels >18.0 mmol/l. Their self-reported compliance with medical advice was low. Amongst leprosy-disabled people, not previously known to be diabetic, with random blood glucose >11.0 mmol/l, referred for further assessment. Another 47 cases were confirmed to have diabetes making total prevalence about 4% in this population.Conclusions: The survey results suggest that routine screening for diabetes amongst people affected by leprosy should be considered and that special attention needs to be directed to the ability and motivation of people with leprosy related disability to manage their own diabetes self-care.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 100-106

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Demographical Factors, Not Lifestyle Factors, Associated with the Increase of Random Blood Glucose in Coastal Areas

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v13i1.8148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Nilam Yusika Sari ◽

Susy K. Sebayang ◽

Septa Indra Puspikawati ◽

Desak Made Sintha Kurnia Dewi ◽

Ayik M. Mandagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Family Health ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

The Body ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Local Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Blood Glucose

Introduction: Blood glucose is an important component in the body produced by the consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. A blood glucose imbalance causes an increase in the blood glucose level in the body. The occurrence of economic changes due to tourism may lead to a change in diet that can lead to increased blood glucose levels. This study aims to analyse the factors related to random blood glucose in people living in coastal tourism areas in BanyuwangiMethods: The study used a cross-sectional survey. A total of 112 respondents were recruited using the random sampling method, using two-stage cluster sampling techniques taken from the Head of household data in multiple villages. The factors studied included demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and family health history.Results: The results showed that men had 28% higher random blood glucose compared to woman. People living in Bangsring had 31% higher random blood glucose compared to those in Buluagung.Conclusion: Local health care services should put extra effort into include men and those living in Bangsring in programs to prevent Diabetes Mellitus in coastal areas.

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High prevalence of diabetes in young people in Bangalore, India

British Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.15277/bjd.2020.259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 104-106

Author(s):

Satyan M Rajbhandari ◽

K Vijay Kumar ◽

Raja Selvarajan ◽

Tara Murali

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Urban Population ◽

Blood Glucose Measurement ◽

Glucose Measurement ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Additional Measure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Blood Glucose ◽

Abnormal Glucose Regulation

Background and aims: The burden of diabetes in India is increasing, especially in cities. We conducted a cross- sectional survey of the prevalence of diabetes and a measure of prediabetes in an urban population in Bangalore, India.Methods: Screening was conducted free of charge and without need for a prior appointment in 32 screening sites throughout Bangalore. Diabetes was defined either on the basis of a self-reported prior diagnosis or as undiagnosed diabetes on the basis of a random blood glucose measurement of >11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). A second index of dysglycaemia, termed prediabetes, was defined as a random blood glucose measurement of >7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) but less than 11.1 mmol/L.Results: The study population comprised 3,691 subjects, screened over a period of 15 months. Previously diagnosed diabetes was present in 818 patients (22.2%), previously undiagnosed diabetes in 67 patients (1.8%) and the additional measure of prediabetes in 221 patients (6%). Accordingly, almost one-third of subjects (30%) had diabetes or prediabetes by our criteria. Diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) and prediabetes were more common in older subjects than younger subjects, as would be expected.Conclusions: We observed high rates of dysglycaemia in a large urban population in Bangalore. Our data add to previous reports of a substantial burden of abnormal glucose regulation in this setting. Additional public health initiatives are required to protect the citizens of Bangalore from diabetes and its future complications.

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178 Relationships Between Sow Blood Glucose Levels on Day of Farrowing and Sow and Litter Parameters

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Brian P Yeich ◽

Rafael Ovidio Bautista Rivas ◽

Naomi C Willard ◽

Katherine D Vande Pol ◽

Jenny R Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Time Interval ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Condition Score

Abstract Low blood glucose levels at the start of farrowing have been associated with increased farrowing duration and stillbirth rate. This study evaluated changes in sow blood glucose (BG) on the day of farrowing and investigated relationships between sow and litter parameters and BG. The study was carried out over 12 h from 0600h (time of last feeding) on the day sows were induced to farrow (d 115 of gestation) as a cross-sectional survey using 42 sows/gilts of which 32 farrowed. Blood samples (1.2 μL) were collected from an ear vein of each sow every 2 h from 0600 h; glucose was measured using a glucometer (Accuchek Aviva; Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Indianapolis, IN). Sow parameters recorded included parity, body condition score (BCS: 1 = extremely thin to 5 = extremely fat), number of piglets born, total litter birth weight, and farrowing duration. Linear relationships between sow parameters and BG were developed using PROC REG of SAS. Sows that farrowed had similar (P > 0.05) BG to those that did not (84.4 vs. 86.8 mg/dL; SEM 1.76). Regression relationships between sow parameters and BG were generally weak (adjusted R2 ≤ 0.20). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of time after feeding, time after start of farrowing, or time interval between piglet births on BG. Average BG levels increased linearly (P < 0.05) with sow BCS (7.6 mg/dL/BCS; SE 2.63) but decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with sow parity (-2.5 mg/dL/litter; SE 0.96), litter size (-0.8 mg/dL/piglet; SE 0.28), litter weight (-0.06 mg/dL/kg; SE 0.26), and farrowing duration (-1.8 mg/dL/h; SE 0.82). In contrast to previous research, changes in BG from last feed to start of farrowing (which ranged from 0 to 9 h) and relationship with other sow and litter parameters were relatively limited.

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PSIII-2 Effect of Piglet Characteristics on Blood Glucose Levels at Birth

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 154-155

Author(s):

Rafael Ovidio Bautista Rivas ◽

Naomi C Willard ◽

Katherine D Vande Pol ◽

Jenny R Morris ◽

Alicia Olivo Espinal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Birth Order ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Limited Mobility ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Blood glucose levels in piglets at birth are potentially associated with survival, however, there has been limited research to quantify these and to establish any associations with piglet characteristics. This study, which evaluated the effects of a number of piglet characteristics on blood glucose levels at birth, was conducted as a cross-sectional survey involving 32 litters. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a sub-sample of litter. At birth, piglets were weighed and assigned a vitality score [1 = high vitality; 2 = low vitality (limited mobility and/or respiration)]. Piglets were then dried with a cellulose-based desiccant, and blood samples were collected from half of the piglets in each litter with a vitality score of 1 (n = 226) and all piglets with a vitality score of 2 (n = 7). Samples (1.2 μL) were collected from the vena subcutanea abdominis; blood glucose was measured using a glucometer (Accuchek Aviva; Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Indianapolis, IN). Effects of piglet characteristics and relationships with blood glucose levels were analyzed using PROC MIXED, PROC GLIMMIX, and PROC REG of SAS, as appropriate. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of piglet birth weight or gender on blood glucose levels. Piglets with a vitality score of 2 had higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose levels than those with a score of 1. Blood glucose levels increased linearly (P < 0.05) with birth order (0.8 mg/dL for each piglet increase). In conclusion, blood glucose levels at birth were higher for piglets with low compared to high vitality and for those born later in the birth order. Further research is needed to establish relationships between blood glucose levels in piglets at birth and subsequent survival.

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Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14090873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 873

Author(s):

Abanoub Riad ◽

Barbora Hocková ◽

Lucia Kantorová ◽

Rastislav Slávik ◽

Lucia Spurná ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Side Effect ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Large Population ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Phase Iv

mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2 have recently been a target of anti-vaccination campaigns due to their novelty in the healthcare industry; nevertheless, these vaccines have exhibited excellent results in terms of efficacy and safety. As a consequence, they acquired the first approvals from drug regulators and were deployed at a large scale among priority groups, including healthcare workers. This phase IV study was designed as a nationwide cross-sectional survey to evaluate the post-vaccination side effects among healthcare workers in Slovakia. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire that inquired about participants’ demographic information, medical anamneses, COVID-19-related anamnesis, and local, systemic, oral, and skin-related side effects following receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. A total of 522 participants were included in this study, of whom 77% were females, 55.7% were aged between 31 and 54 years, and 41.6% were from Banska Bystrica. Most of the participants (91.6%) reported at least one side effect. Injection site pain (85.2%) was the most common local side effect, while fatigue (54.2%), headache (34.3%), muscle pain (28.4%), and chills (26.4%) were the most common systemic side effects. The reported side effects were of a mild nature (99.6%) that did not require medical attention and a short duration, as most of them (90.4%) were resolved within three days. Females and young adults were more likely to report post-vaccination side effects; such a finding is also consistent with what was previously reported by other phase IV studies worldwide. The role of chronic illnesses and medical treatments in post-vaccination side effect incidence and intensity requires further robust investigation among large population groups.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO DETERMINE PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DM IN ASSOCIATION WITH IDRS & RANDOM BLOOD GLUCOSE IN WOMEN OF GWALIOR CITY

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2017/298 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (17) ◽

pp. 1371-1374

Author(s):

Praveen Gautam ◽

Shatkratu Dwivedi

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Blood Glucose ◽

Type 2 Dm

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Core Trainees' study budget and study leave: a survey exploring trainees' needs and understanding of local processes in place within the North West

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S157-S158

Author(s):

Chirag Shroff

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Graphical Representation ◽

Committee Meeting ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Local Board ◽

Oversight Committee ◽

New System

AimsHealth Education England launched a new system for study leave and study budget on 1st April 2018, in response to trainees' concerns regarding the previous system. According to this, Health Education England would manage the study leave budget through its local offices, making the process of accessing study ‘more transparent, equitable and streamlined' for all trainees. At the RAP Oversight Committee meeting of the North West Deanery in 2019, trainees' uncertainties over the process was discussed by the local reps. It was aimed that there was a need to gather information on trainees' needs and understanding of local processes in place by the deanery to access study leave and study budgetMethodA cross sectional survey was sent out to all the trainees by the Core Trainees year 1 RAP rep. A total of 6 relevant questions were designed and sent out to the trainees, allowing them 2 weeks’ time to respond. There were a total of 66 trainees who were sent the survey. The guidance mentioned in the 2016 Gold guide was used for reference to ensure the questions are relevant.ResultOf the total of 66 trainees who were sent the survey, there were 48 respondents. The results indicated that all 48 responders preferred study budget and leave process explained at induction. 47 of 48 respnders sought access to their study budget, 46 of 48 responders sought use of budget for external course and exam fees fudning, 27 of the 48 responders struggled to get study leave and 27 of 48 responders felt the current leave process was not satisfactory with 14 opining that there was scope for improvemement.ConclusionThe responses were collated by the trainee rep as a PowerPoint presentation containing graphical representation of trainees’ views regarding their study leaves and budget access. The survey results were made aware to the local board at the subsequent RAP Oversight Committee meeting to seek response and new guidance. There is a new system in place for study leave and study budgets, overseen by Health Education England. Overall, the survery attempted to understand and collate trainees' wants and needs, in effect improving trainee experiences.

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Utilisation of a community-based health facility in a low-income urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.735 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayodeji M. Adebayo ◽

Michael C. Asuzu

Keyword(s):

Health Facility ◽

Low Income ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Self Medication ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West

Background: Primary healthcare is established to ensure that people have access to health services through facilities located in their community. However, utilisation of health facilities in Nigeria remains low in many communities.Aim: To assess the utilisation of community-based health facility (CBHF) amongst adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.Settings: A low-income community in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a simple random sampling technique to select one adult per household in all 586 houses in the community. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and utilisation of the CBHF. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and association testing using the Chi-square test at p = 0.05.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 46.5 ± 16.0 years; 46.0% were men and 81.0% married; 26% had no formal education and 38.0% had secondary-level education and above; traders constituted 52.0% of the sample; and 85.2% were of low socioeconomic standing; 90%had patronised the CBHF. The main reasons for non-utilisation were preference for general hospitals (13.8%) and self-medication (12.1%). Respondents who had secondary education and above, were in a higher socioeconomic class, who had good knowledge of the facility and were satisfied with care, utilised the CBHF three months significantly more than their counterparts prior to the study (p < 0.05). However, only satisfaction with care was found to be a significant predictor of utilisation of the CBHF.Conclusion: The utilisation of the CBHF amongst adults in the study setting is high, driven mostly by satisfaction with the care received previously. Self-medication, promoted by uncontrolled access to drugs through pharmacies and patent medicine stores, threatens this high utilisation.

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Prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children in South Australia

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268803008288 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 130 (3) ◽

pp. 443-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. S. HEYWORTH ◽

P. BAGHURST ◽

K. A. McCAUL

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

School Health ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

South Australia ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastroenteritis among children aged 4 years in South Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 9543 South Australian children aged 4 years was undertaken. Parents completed a questionnaire on behalf of their child who had attended a pre-school health check in 1998. The questionnaire covered gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms experienced by the child in the previous 2 weeks and other risk factors for gastroenteritis. The 2-week prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children was 14·2%. The major risk factors for gastroenteritis were presence of persons who had gastroenteritis inside the home, contact with persons who had gastroenteritis outside the home, antibiotic use and sore throat. Medical attention was sought for 20% of children who had gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is a significant cause of morbidity among young children and presents a considerable burden on the community. A substantial proportion of these occurrences of highly credible gastrointestinal symptoms may be manifestations of respiratory infections.

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