scholarly journals The Complex Role of Cognitive and Behavioral Factors in Salt Intake Levels of Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Marzeyeh Soleymani Nejad ◽  
Nastaran Keshavarz-Mohammad ◽  
Ali Ramezankhani ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Behavioral Factors

scholarly journals Salt and cardiovascular disease in PURE: A large sample size cannot make up for erroneous estimations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 147032031881001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Tan ◽  
Feng J He ◽  
Graham A MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Methodological Problems

The latest Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study claims that salt reduction should be confined to settings where its intake exceeds 12.7 g/day and that eating less than 11.1 g/day of salt could increase cardiovascular risk. More specifically, Mente et al. suggested that (a) salt intake was positively associated with stroke only when it exceeded 12.7 g/day, (b) salt intake was inversely associated with myocardial infarction and total mortality, and (c) these associations were largely independent of blood pressure. These provocative findings challenge the robust evidence on the role of salt reduction in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and call into question the World Health Organization’s global recommendation to reduce salt intake to less than 5 g/day. However, Mente et al.’s re-analysis of the PURE data has several severe methodological problems, including erroneous estimations of salt intake from a single spot urine using the problematic Kawasaki formula. As such, these implausible results cannot be used to refute the strong evidence supporting the benefits of salt reduction for the general population worldwide.

scholarly journals Assessment of behavioral factors influencing cooperation in logistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kolodizieva
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Dual Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social

The article explores theoretical and methodical aspects of managing dual relationships that arise between participants in logistic cooperation in the process of formation and functioning of supply chains. The use of a behavioral approach to defining supply chains has allowed identifying and justifying the priority role of behavioral factors that influence modern logistics entities and determine the effectiveness and long-term satisfaction with logistics cooperation. Given the literature summary, the study has classified types of cooperation in logistic activity and proved that among the behavioral factors influencing the of logistical cooperation efficiency, the trust is of particular importance, which remains a limitation, a bottleneck in the process of formation and development of dual relationships in logistics chains. It is proposed to introduce a generic indicator, namely the level of confidence in the supply chain to assess the social, economic and strategic aspects of logistics interaction. A methodological approach to assessing the level of trust in logistic cooperation was adjusted based on determining the composition of criteria that directly affect this indicator and using the expert survey of supply chain participants. The study proposes to use the confidence indicator to form and improve networks and supply chains, taking into account its value when constructing a generalized outsourcing model.

scholarly journals The influence of cognitions, emotions and behavioral factors on treatment outcomes in musculoskeletal shoulder pain: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbet De Baets ◽  
Thomas Matheve ◽  
Mira Meeus ◽  
Filip Struyf ◽  
Annick Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Moderating Role

Objective: To examine the predictive, moderating and mediating role of cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors on pain and disability following shoulder treatment. Data sources: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and PsycINFO) were searched until 14 January 2019. Study selection: Studies including persons with musculoskeletal shoulder pain that describe the predictive, moderating or mediating role of baseline cognitive, emotional or behavioral factors on pain or disability following treatment were selected. Results: A total of 23 articles, describing 21 studies and involving 3769 participants, were included. Three studies had a high risk of bias. There was no predictive role of baseline depression, anxiety, coping, somatization or distress on pain or disability across types of shoulder treatment. No predictive role of fear-avoidance beliefs was identified in patients receiving physiotherapy, which contrasted to the results found when surgical treatment was applied. Baseline catastrophizing was also not predictive for pain or disability in patients receiving physiotherapy. After conservative medical treatments, results on the predictive role of catastrophizing were inconclusive. Treatment expectations and baseline self-efficacy predicted pain and disability in patients receiving physiotherapy, which was not the case in patients receiving conservative medical treatment. Finally, there was a moderating role for optimism in the relationship between pain catastrophizing and disability in patients receiving physiotherapy. Conclusion: There is evidence that expectations of recovery and self-efficacy have a predictive role and optimism a moderating role on pain and/or disability following physiotherapy for musculoskeletal shoulder pain. After surgical treatment, fear-avoidance is a predictor of pain and disability.

Role of endothelin ETB receptor activation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension: effects of salt intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. H2218-H2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Ballew ◽  
Gregory D. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Induced Hypertension

We showed recently that endothelin (ET)A receptors are involved in the salt sensitivity of ANG II-induced hypertension. The objective of this current study was to characterize the role of endothelin ETB receptor activation in the same model. Male rats on fixed normal (2 meq/day) or high (6 meq/day) salt intake received a continuous intravenous infusion of ANG II or salt only for 15 days. During the middle 5 days of the infusion period, rats were given either the selective ETB receptor antagonist A-192621 or the nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist A-182086 (both at 24 mg · kg−1 · day−1intra-arterially). Infusion of ANG II caused a greater rise in arterial pressure in rats on high-salt intake. The administration of A-192621 increased arterial pressure further in all rats. The chronic hypertensive effect of A-192621 was not significantly affected by salt intake or ANG II. The administration of A-182086 lowered arterial pressure chronically only in rats on normal salt intake receiving ANG II. Thus the salt sensitivity of ANG II-induced hypertension is not caused by changes in ETB receptor function.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN COGNITIVE AGING: APPLYING THE CAUSAL INFERENCE FRAMEWORK IN OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S323-S323
Author(s):  
Anja K Leist
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Behavioral Factors

Abstract Rationale: There is an urgent need to better understand how to maintain cognitive functioning at older ages with social and behavioral interventions, given that there is currently no medical cure available to prevent, halt or reverse the progression of cognitive decline and dementia. However, in current models, it is still not well established which factors (e.g. education, BMI, physical activity, sleep, depression) matter most at which ages, and which behavioral profiles are most protective against cognitive decline. In the last years, advances in the fields of causal inference and machine learning have equipped epidemiology and social sciences with methods and models to approach causal questions in observational studies. Method: The presentation will give an overview of the causal inference framework and different machine learning approaches to investigate cognitive aging. First, we will present relevant research questions on the role of social and behavioral factors in cognitive aging in observational studies. Second, we will introduce the causal inference framework and recent methods to visualize and compute the strength of causal paths. Third, promising machine learning approaches to arrive at robust predictions are presented. The 13-year follow-up from the European SHARE survey that employs well-established cognitive performance tests is used to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach. Discussion: The causal inference framework, combined with recent machine learning approaches and applied in observational studies, provides a robust alternative to intervention research. Advantages for investigations under the new framework, e.g., fewer ethical considerations compared to intervention research, as well as limitations are discussed.

P277 THE ROLE OF SALT INTAKE DURING IMMOBILISATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
P. Frings-Meuthen ◽  
J. Buehlmeier ◽  
N. Baecker ◽  
M. Heer
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake
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