scholarly journals U początków polskiej ortoleksykografii. Słownik ortograficzny Antoniego Jerzykowskiego

2020 ◽  
pp. 357-372
Author(s):  
Piotr Żmigrodzki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Polish Language

This article is dedicated to characteristics of the contents, micro- and macro-structure of the first, independent spelling dictionary of the Polish language, prepared by Antoni Jerzykowski and published in Poznań in 1885. Apart from meta-lexicographic matters, also the views of the dictionary’s author were presented on selected points of dispute in the Polish spelling of the late 19th century and the methods of their realisation in dictionary entries. The analysis demonstrated that in terms of structure and informative contents, the dictionary does not differ significantly from numerous spelling dictionaries published in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, the characteristic feature of which was enriching pure spelling information with the content from other areas of grammar and language correctness.

Mazurskie Mickiewicziana Gustawa Gizewiusza I Inne / Gustaw Gisevius’s Masurian Mickiewicziana

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 547-568
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Chojnowski
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
The South ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
East Prussia

Summary This article examines the reception of Adam Mickiewicz’s texts in the writings of the Mazury region, focusing on the key figure of Gustav Gisevius (1810-1848), a champion of the revival of the Polish language among the Masurian Lutherans in the south of East Prussia. The inclusion of Masurian Mickiewicziana in the curriculum of Lutheran pastors in Königsberg and in late-19th century printed material aimed at the Masurians was not subservient to the idea of highlighting ethnic ties between the Prussian Masurians and the Poles. The use of Mickiewicz’s texts for that purpose was, however, a characteristic feature of the publications sponsored by the Polish political and cultural institutions in East Prussia in the interwar period.

scholarly journals Points of convergence between logical empiricism and inductive metaphysics: Hans Reichenbach and Erich Becher in comparison

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Seide
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
External World ◽  
Logical Empiricism ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Hans Reichenbach

AbstractIn this paper, I take a closer look at Hans Reichenbach’s relation to metaphysics and work out some interesting parallels between his account and that of the proponents of inductive metaphysics, a tradition that emerged in the mid- and late 19th century and the early 20th century in Germany. It is in particular Hans Reichenbach’s conception of the relation between the natural sciences and metaphysics, as displayed in his treatment of the question of the existence of the external world, that shows some very interesting similarities with inductive metaphysics. By a comparison with the position of the inductive metaphysician Erich Becher and his handling of the problem of realism, I work out the parallels between Reichenbach’s program and inductive metaphysics. I come to the conclusion that while there are certainly some respects in which Reichenbach’s logical empiricism is closer to the positions of the representatives of the Vienna Circle, it turns out that with regard to his views on metaphysics there is a greater affinity with the program of inductive metaphysics.

Use of Timber in Tall Multi-Storey Buildings

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Smith ◽  
Andrea Frangi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Storey Building

<p>Since the dawn of civilization, timber has been a primary material for achieving great structural engineering feats. Yet during the late 19th century and most of the 20th century it lost currency as a preferred material for construction of large and tall multi-storey building superstructures. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) addresses a reawakening of interest in timber and timber-based products as primary con-struction materials for relatively tall, multi-storey buildings. Emphasis throughout is on holistically addressing various aspects of performance of complete systems, reflecting that major gaps in knowhow relate to design concepts rather than technical information about timber as a material. Special con-sideration is given to structural form, fire vulnerability, and durability aspects for attaining desired building performance over lifespans that can be centuries long.</p>

scholarly journals Hebrew, Hebrews, Hubris?: Diagnosing Race and Religion in the Time of COVID-19

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Richard Newton
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race And Religion

This thought experiment in comparison ponders a Black man’s conviction that his Hebrew identity would make him immune to COVID-19. Surfacing the history of the claims and the scholar’s own suspicions, the paper examines the layered politics of identification. Contra an essentialist understanding of the terms, “Hebrew” and “Hebrews” are shown to be classificatory events, ones imbricated in the dynamics of racecraft. Furthermore, a contextualization of the “race religion” model of 19th century scholarship, 20th century US religio-racial movements, and the complicated legacy of Tuskegee in 21st century Black vaccine hesitancy help to outline the need for inquisitiveness rather than hubris in matters of comparison. In so doing, this working paper advances a model of the public scholar as a questioner of categories and a diagnostician of classification.

scholarly journals FROM ʽNEWSREELʼ TO ʽTV NEWSʼ IN SERBIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marija Vujović ◽  
Anka Mihajlov Prokopović
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Television News ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Moment

Prior to becoming the most dominant cultural product of the modern age, the film began its history as a journalistic concept. The first films made by the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière in the late 19th century were documentaries. The first film made at the beginning of the 20th century in Serbia was also a type of a newsreel, a documentary. Some of the first cinema owners and cinematographers were journalists. This paper explains the development of documentary film in Serbia, which, in addition to being a film genre, also became a television genre in the second half of the 20th century. The goal of this paper is to show the development path starting from the first feature film and newsreel, to television news - one of the most frequent TV programs of the moment – by using the example of Serbia.

scholarly journals Confessional conversions on the territory of Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century: overview of historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Marharyta M. Karol
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
General State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the stages of the formation of historiography devoted to the problems of confessional conversions in the second half of the 19th century on the territory of the Belarusian provinces. The historiographic trends that formed from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century were identified and analysed. The authour studies the peculiarities of Belarusian and foreign historiography at the present stage, when a large number of works on religious issues has appeared, including confessional conversions. It is argued that in Soviet times, the issue of transitions from Catholicism to Orthodoxy was practically not touched upon. In their approaches and assessments, some researchers continue the traditions of pre-revolutionary historiography, but the majority of modern scientists strive to give an objective picture of religious processes on the Belarusian lands, to show them in the context of general state policy. The relevance of the article is due to the coverage of various points of view on the problem of confessional conversions. It is noted that pre-revolutionary researchers, first of all, sought to prove the voluntariness of conversions to Orthodoxy, but during this period, works were also created in which this thesis was questioned.

scholarly journals JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Dominika Gołaszewska-Rusinowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century

This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  

scholarly journals Panorámica historiográfica de los estudios sobre el Mitra védico, avéstico y romano

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Israel Campos Méndez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Accidental Discovery

Resumen: El interés que ha suscitado la figura del dios Mitra ha dejado como reflejo estudios que se remontan al periodo romano. Sin embargo, a partir del Renaci­miento el descubrimiento casual de piezas escul­tóricas de asunto mitraico, atrajo el interés de in­vestigadores que indagaron en sus escritos sobre la identidad de la divinidad que aparecía matando un toro. Durante los siglos XVI al XVIII, la temática solar y la identificación del Mitraísmo se convirtió en el contenido de estos estudios. A partir del s. XIX, empieza a tomar forma una investigación de carácter más científico sobre la cuestión mitraica, que encontrará su nacimiento formal con los tra­bajos de F. Cumont a principios del s. XX. Este si­glo pasado ha sido el que ha visto florecer el mayor y más profundo volumen de estudios desentrañan­do los misterios vinculados al dios Mitra, tanto en su vertiente de divinidad de los panteones védicos y avésticos, como en el ámbito del culto mistérico desarrollado en el marco del Imperio Romano. En los comienzos del siglo XXI, todavía permanecen abiertas algunas hipótesis iniciales, pero sí se cons­tata una vitalidad en los estudios para la compren­sión global del Mitraísmo.Palabras clave: Mitra, Mitraísmo, Avesta, Veda, Cumont.Abstract: One mark of the interest attached to the god Mithra is the line of studies dating back to the Ro­man period. It was, however, during the Renais­sance that the accidental discovery of sculptural pieces of a Mithraic subject attracted the interest of researchers, who sought to identify the bull-ki­lling divinity. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, this field of research re-oriented itself to the solar theme and the identification of Mithraism. In the 19th century, it took on a scientific nature, and the landmark the studies of F. Cumont saw the light of day in early 20th century. As the century progres­sed ambitious in-depth studies flourished, unra­velling the mysteries linked to the cult of the god Mithra, both in terms of the divinity of the Vedic and Avestan pantheons and of the sphere of the mystery cult established in the context of the Ro­man Empire. At the beginning of the 21st century, some initial hypotheses remain open, but the vi­tality of studies pursuing a global understanding of Mithraism remains unchallenged.Key words: Mithra, Mithraism, Avesta, Veda, Cumont.

scholarly journals The Birth and Death of the Russian House in the Priargun’ie Three Rivers Region, People’s Republic of China (1)

Folklorica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klyaus
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Three Rivers Region ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Over Time

This article considers the remnants of Russian ritual practices surrounding houses in the Priangun’ie region of China. This region was populated by Russians from the late 19th century on. A large group of immigrants (Russian, Tungus and Buriat) immigrated there from the Transbaikal region of Russia after the establishment of Soviet rule in the early 20th century. The paper examines what remains of Russian traditional practices, how they have been blended with native Chinese traditions, and adapted over time to reflect intermarriage between people of Chinese or Tungus and Russian descent.

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