Jayaprakash Narayan and Indira Gandhi, 1966–74: Before the Rivalry

When the Gandhian Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) gave the clarion call of Total Revolution, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi responded heavy-handedly by imposing the Emergency in India in 1974–5. This all-encompassing duel has dominated politics and political scholarship since. Their domestic clash has established many analytical prisms for the contemporary public sphere in India, particularly personality politics versus people’s power, single party versus coalition grouping, electoral democracy versus authoritarian dictatorship, and student/youth movements versus generational status quo. Simultaneously, it has also highlighted their differences in a way that has served to bury their affinities and agreements—not only on obscure matters. This article seeks to soften this dichotomy on the basis of their correspondence, and complemented by other primary material, to sketch their consensus in an earlier period. It shows that before their break, the socialist JP and the statist Indira Gandhi exhibited complementary stands on national issues regarding Nagaland, Kashmir and Bangladesh. This national nearness complicates their later adversarial politics on domestic issues, adds dimension to our understanding of the mid-1960s and mid-1970s, and contributes to contemporary understandings of their respective places in narratives of the state against society in India.

Exploring Ancient Networks

A small archive of texts from ancient Iraq is used to demonstrate an approach to network analysis in which traditional close reading and computational text analysis go hand-in-hand. The computational methods produce tables and graphs that link back to online editions of the primary material, enabling the user to check the results.

Multicultural Inclusive Education in the Deradicalization of Islamic Education in Indonesia

It is projected that multicultural inclusive education will prevent acts of extremism and intolerance. This study aimed to examine how multicultural inclusive education could be used to deradicalize Islamic education in Indonesia. In June 2020, the researchers searched the Google Books database for library research. The prism technique was used to gather and extract data based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the analysis, multicultural inclusive education can be employed as a substitute for instilling an understanding of peaceful coexistence in the contexts of nationality and humanity. If multicultural inclusive education is conducted properly by following the steps outlined, efforts to deradicalize Islamic education in Indonesia may be successful, as multicultural inclusive education is founded on consistency, openness, introduction, comprehension, recognition, and appreciation. This study illustrates that multicultural inclusive education can deradicalize Islamic education in Indonesia due to its adaptability to the primary material in Islamic education.

Exporting Socialism or Searching for the “Third Way”?

The article explores the perception of India in socialist-era Polish travel reportage, focusing in particular on the political debates inscribed in the Cold War divisions. Four books of reportage from India, by Jerzy Ros, Wiesław Górnicki, Janusz Gołębiowski, and Jerzy Putrament, serve as primary material for this research. The reporters, visiting India on official assignments, discuss the relations between the so-called Second and Third World and India’s take on socialism. While the analyzed texts do not present a uniform vision, the reporters’ narratives reveal an interesting relation of ambivalence: Indians are seen at times as socialist brothers, but at other times a rather patronizing attitude prevails.

New species Pseudomonas capeferrum TDA1 as a plastic monomer utilizer and a PHA native producer

Over the decades, global plastic production has been exponentially increasing with a significant increase of plastic waste as well. Consequently, our environment has suffered a lot because synthetic plastic is less biodegradable or even not completely biodegradable. On the other hand, the conventional recycling rate and plastic management in the top ten plastic contributors are still low to reduce the contamination and pollution from plastic waste. Particularly, Indonesia, one of the world’s most outstanding emerging market economies and has the most contribution on plastic waste in ASEAN, should consider breakthrough and novel technology to fight global plastic waste. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) might have the closest relation to plastic waste upcycling because this compound can be used as the primary material to synthesize bioplastic, so-called plastic, to the bioplastic process. Many Pseudomonads can natively produce PHA as their extracellular product. This study qualitatively shows that the new strain Pseudomonas capeferrum TDA 1 natively produces PHA from various sole carbon sources, including plastic monomers. This finding gives significant insight for many improvements to the “plastic to bio-plastic” process on an industrial scale.

Create a Sensuousness Space of Installation a Sense of Introspection Sculpture created by Internalizing Islamic Geometrical Ornament found in National Mosque

This project seeks to identify the fundamental form of Islamic geometrical patterns found in the National Mosque. The internalization from the subject and visit helps to produce an installation sculpture. The sculpting process uses plywood as the primary material and is formed by using mathematical methods and woodworking as the approach. The work presents in installation as it potentially delivers a sense of sacredness towards the audience. Therefore, this study explores the chronology of artmaking inspired by the hidden form and its foundation in Islamic ornament and reviews how its complexity creates a sense of sacredness towards the atmosphere of human psychology. Keywords: Sensuousness Space, Islamic Geometrical Ornament, National Mosque, Installation eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., U.K. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI6.3042

William Gore: A Puseyite in Parramatta

This article examines the way one nineteenth-century clergyman of the Church of England in Australia, William Gore, was influenced by the Oxford Movement. Gore was the incumbent of the parish of All Saints Church, North Parramatta in Sydney. He implemented liturgical practices valued by the Oxford Movement, including wearing a surplice to preach rather than a Geneva gown, reading the Offertory sentences in the service of Holy Communion in the Book of Common Prayer, celebrating the Holy Communion on the saints days set in the Prayer Book and placing a cross on the holy table. He was supported by his bishop, William Grant Broughton. The reaction from parishioners was surprise, shock and opposition and he was branded as a ‘Puseyite’. This article uses local primary material, including press reports of parish meetings, to describe the reactions of parishioners in parish meetings against Gore’s liturgical uses. Gore’s activities are assessed as an important early example of the Oxford Movement’s influence in the Church of England in Australia. Gore’s practices, discussed in the public domain, provide evidence that the Oxford Movement was beginning to transform the nineteenth-century liturgical worship of the Church of England in Australia.

“If you want to be classy, have Yugoclass.” Postmodern Cultural Images of Josip Broz Tito

The article deals with internet memes related to the person of the socialist leader of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito. For purposes of our research, we define internet meme as conventionalized text-iconic composition, built on a basis of a specific scheme. In intentions of contemporary narratology we also consider it as a text of its kind and its creating, reproduction, transformation and reading process – as a special discursive activity. Based on analysing the primary material occurring and spreading on internet, we provide a typology of the representations of Tito from a narratological and semiotic point of view, and regarding its function in current discourse on socialist Yugoslavia. We focus mainly on cultural meanings generated by this meme culture, its relation to the narratives formed in the context of official and unofficial representations of the leader during the socialist era and to a wider context of contemporary popular culture. Pursuant to the analysis, we try to follow the features of postmodern cultural images of the socialist Yugoslavia and its leader, and relation of these narratives to nostalgic and social-critical attitudes in the contemporary world.

Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process

The Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process has emerged as either an alternative or a complement to vacuum arc remelting of titanium alloys, since it is capable of enhancing the removal of exogenous inclusions by dissolution or sedimentation. The melting of the primary material is a first step of this continuous process, which has not been studied so far and is investigated experimentally and numerically in the present study. Experiments have been set up in a 100 kW laboratory furnace with the aim of analyzing the effect of melting rate on surface temperature of Ti-64 bars. It was found that melting rate is nearly proportional to the EB power while the overheating temperature remains roughly independent of the melting rate and equal to about 100 °C. The emissivity of molten Ti-64 was found to be 0.22 at an average temperature of about 1760 °C at the tip of the bar. In parallel, a mathematical model of the thermal behavior of the material during melting has been developed. The simulations revealed valuable results about the melting rate, global heat balance and thermal gradient throughout the bar, which agreed with the experimental values to a good extent. The modeling confirms that the overheating temperature of the tip of the material is nearly independent of the melting rate.

Environmental impacts, water footprint and cumulative energy demand of match industry in Pakistan

A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the matchsticks industry in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan to quantify environmental footprint, water footprint, cumulative energy use, and to identify improvement opportunities in the matchsticks manufacturing process. One carton of matchsticks was used as reference unit for this study. Foreground data was collected from the matchsticks industry through questionnaire surveys, personal meetings, and field measurements. The collected data was transformed into potential environmental impacts through the Centre for Environment Studies (CML) 2000 v.2.05 method present by default in the SimaPro v.9.1 software. Water footprint was calculated using methodology developed by Hoekstra et al., 2012 (water scarcity index) V1.02 and cumulative energy demand by SimaPro v.9.1 software. The results showed that transport of primary material (wood logs), sawn wood for matchsticks, red phosphorous, acrylic varnish, and kerosene fuel oil contributed to the overall environmental impacts. Transport of primary materials and sawn timber for matchsticks contributed significantly to abiotic depletion, global warming, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion, corrosion, human toxicity, and aquatic ecotoxicity effects. The total water footprint for manufacturing one carton of matchsticks was 0.265332 m3, whereas the total cumulative energy demand was 715.860 Mega Joules (MJ), mainly sourced from non-renewable fossil fuels (708.979 MJ). Scenario analysis was also conducted for 20% and 30% reduction in the primary material distance covered by trucks and revealed that reducing direct material transport distances could diminish environmental impacts and energy consumption. Therefore, environmental footprint could be minimized through diverting matchsticks industries freight from indigenous routes to high mobility highways and by promoting industrial forestry close to industrial zones in Pakistan. Many industries did not have emissions control systems, exceeding the permissible limit for emissions established by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan. Thus, installation of emissions control system could also diminish emissions from match industry in Pakistan.