scholarly journals Prawo moratoryjne państwa polskiego w okresie kryzysu gospodarczego lat 30. XX wieku

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Robert Zygmunt Jastrzębski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Farming Industry

Purpose – The article aims at characterising Polish moratory laws during the Great Depression. The article is centred around the legislation on public and private law liabilities. The author pays particular attention to the structure of the Polish economy and to Poland’s deflationary policy that determined the Polish legislation of that time. Research method – The author reviewed the literature on the subject and analysed legal regulations. Results – The author indicates that – given the structure of the Polish economy – moratory legislation concerned the farming industry in particular. It was mainly of an anti-enforcement nature and consisted in reducing the interest rate and spreading the debt repayment over several years (particularly as regards private law liabilities). Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The purpose and functions of moratory laws were, and still are, of particular importance to the economy, especially at the time of economic crisis. This is exemplified by the moratory legislation of the Polish State that adopted and pursued the deflationary policy.

The Long Slump

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E Hall
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Consumer Debt ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Real Estate Prices ◽  
The Interest Rate

In a market-clearing economy, declines in demand from one sector do not cause large declines in aggregate output because other sectors expand. The key price mediating the response is the interest rate. A decline in the rate stimulates all categories of spending. But in a low-inflation economy, the room for a decline in the rate is small, because of the notorious lower limit of zero on the nominal interest rate. In the Great Depression, substantial deflation caused the real interest rate to reach high levels. In the Great Slump that began at the end of 2007, low inflation resulted in an only slightly negative real rate when full employment called for a much lower real rate because of declines in demand. Fortunately, the inflation rate hardly responded to conditions in product and labor markets, else deflation might have occurred, with an even higher real interest rate. I concentrate on three closely related sources of declines in demand: the buildup of excess stocks of housing and consumer durables, the corresponding expansion of consumer debt that financed the buildup, and financial frictions that resulted from the decline in real-estate prices. (JEL E23, E24, E31, E32, E65)

Financial Law and the Financial Market (part 2)

Financial law ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Turbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Subject

The article examines the question of whether social relations arising in the financial market are included in the subject of financial law. In this regard, the concepts of finance, financial market and branch of law, the ratio of public and private law, the subject of financial law and methods of legal regulation are considered. Appropriate conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals Analisis kelayakan finansial usaha beras aruk pada masa pandemi covid-19 (studi kasus: kelompok tani Sumber Jaya Desa Tempilang Kabupaten Bangka Barat)

Agromix ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Eni Karsiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
The People ◽  
The Interest Rate

Introduction: During the Covid-19 pandemic, aruk rice became one of the healthy alternative food additives for consumption. Aruk rice is a local food of cultural heritage for the people of Bangka Belitung that must be preserved. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of the aruk rice business during the Covid-19 pandemic carried out by the Sumber Jaya Farmers Group, Tempilang Village, West Bangka Regency. Method: The research method used is a case study. Sampling was carried out by census, which took 8 aruk rice makers who produced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Analysis of the financial feasibility of aruk rice business is carried out by calculating NPV, Net B/C ratio, IRR, Payback Period, and BEP. Result: The results showed that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the aruk rice business provided a 12% higher profit, which was Rp. 866,700 per month compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the financial feasibility analysis, the aruk rice business during the Covid-19 pandemic is still feasible. Based on the results of the financial feasibility analysis at the interest rate of the BRI Micro KUR loan at 6% per year, the NPV value is Rp. 10,400,400, Net B/C ratio is 1.5, IRR is 128%, and the Payback Period or payback period. investment for 4 months 5 days. The aruk rice business will experience a Break Event Point when the income is IDR 218,200 per month, the production is 9 kg per month and the price is IDR 16,200 per kilo. Conclusion: Based on the results of the financial feasibility analysis, the rice aruk business conducted by the Sumber Jaya Farmers Group during the Covid-19 pandemic is still feasible.  

scholarly journals Minor Victim Representation in Cases of Crimes Committed by Family Members in Polish Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Kamil Łakomy
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Procedural Rights

<p>The study presents the current legal regulations and problems with the implementation of procedural rights of a minor victim in the case of crimes committed by members of his family in the Polish legal system. The presented issue concerns the necessity to apply provisions contained in various acts, both public and private law. The author discusses the most important judgements of Polish jurisprudence in the indicated scope, emphasizing, however, that many aspects of the discussed issues, of a procedural nature, have still not been regulated. The conclusions include <em>de lege ferenda</em> postulates concerning, i.a., the transfer to the criminal court of the competence to appoint a guardian <em>ad litem</em> for disadvantaged minors.</p>

scholarly journals Odpowiedzialność przebijająca w ramach private enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dąbroś
Keyword(s):  
Competition Law ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Unit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Piercing The Corporate Veil ◽  
Civil Courts

In the context of private enforcement of competition law, the issue of piercing the corporate veil, that is, the possibility of holding a non-direct infringer liable becomes particularly important. Pursuant to the thesis of the CJEU ‘Skanska’ judgment, civil courts adjudicating in cases of damages for infringements of competition law should understand the concept of ‘undertaking’ in accordance with Article 101 TFEU and its established interpretation by the Court, which may mean also adopting, under private law, the doctrine of economic succession (economic continuity) and the concept of a single economic unit. Individual member states, such as Spain and Portugal, have already adopted relevant legal regulations regarding the issue in question. In other countries, this matter has become the subject of judicial considerations. In Poland, neither of these two situations occurs. One should opt for the broad adoption of the concept of piercing the corporate veil in the context of liability for damages arising from an infringement of competition law – with both EU and national dimension.

scholarly journals Сomplexity of structure of institute of bank responsibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Вера Степанова ◽  
Vera Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Credit Institutions

The article is devoted to research of institute of bank responsibility as complex structure which enters both in public, and private law. Bank responsibility as an independent legal design acts as an object of research. Both ad banking laws, and the codified legal acts which also contain regulations on responsibility of credit institutions (banks) are in detail analyzed. Legal comparison of content of standards of ad banking laws and norms on responsibility of credit institutions in the codified legal acts on features of subject and object accessory is carried out, the special attention is paid to bank responsibility in its private-law aspect where not only the legal, but also natural person can be the subject. Examples of standards of the civil legislation which are also related to bank responsibility are given. From the conducted research it is possible to conclude that uniqueness of institute of bank responsibility is that it is on crossing of private and public law. Bank responsibility only partially (public part) is included into institute of financial and legal responsibility while private-law responsibility is regulated also by standards of the civil, administrative and criminal legislation. Article is executed with assistance of RGNF, the project No. 16-33-00017 &#34;Complex interindustry institute of legal responsibility: concept, structure, interrelations and the place in system of the right&#34;.

Interim relief in the public law context

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bamforth
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Law Commission

THE remedial aspects of judicial review illustrate in particularly vivid form the divergent nature of public and private law proceedings. The prerogative orders–mandamus, certiorari and prohibition–are available only via judicial review. Leave is required for judicial review but not for private law actions. By contrast with the private law writ procedure, judicial review must be brought promptly and within three months. In judicial review, a remedy can still be denied to the applicant who establishes a substantive case. As the Law Commission made clear in its Report Administrative Law: Judicial Review and Statutory Appeals, “[j]udicial review often involves values and policy interests, which must be balanced against and may transcend the individual interests, which are normally the subject of litigation between private citizens” (Law Com. No. 226, para. 2.1).

scholarly journals Negative interest rates: why and how?

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Kisel’ák ◽  
Philipp Hermann ◽  
Milan Stehlík
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Rate Process ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Interest Rates ◽  
The Interest Rate

AbstractInterest rates (or nominal yields) can be negative, this is an unavoidable fact which has already been visible during the Great Depression (1929–39). Nowadays we can find negative rates easily by e.g. auditing. Several theoretical and practical ideas how to model and eventually overcome empirical negative rates can be suggested, however, they are far beyond a simple practical realization. In this paper we discuss the dynamical reasons why negative interest rates can happen in the second order differential dynamics and how they can influence the variance and expectation of the interest rate process. Such issues are highly practical, involving e.g. the banking sector and pension securities.

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