Budget Security Threats and Risks within the Framework of the Digital Economy Development

Currently, Russia has begun to form a legal framework for the development of the digital economy. The introduction of digital technologies affects all areas of public relations, including budgetary legal relations. In connection with digitalization, issues of budget security are becoming more relevant. The article substantiates the need to improve the legal regulation of budget relations in terms of ensuring budget security and the use of digital technologies. The author’s classification of budget security threats is given. Legal contradictions in the field of digital currency regulation are revealed. Measures are proposed to eliminate conflicts and gaps in the current legislation regulating budgetary legal relations and relations arising in connection with the use of digital currency.

Organizational and Legal Peculiarities of Operations of Regional Control and Accounts Authorities of Russia — Members of the European Organization of Regional Institutions of External Public Finance Audit: On the Efficiency of Membership in EURORAI

This article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the organization, activities and legal regulation of the European Organization of Regional External Public Finance Audit Institutions (EURORAI). The role of EURORAI in the development of Russian legislation governing the organization and activities of the control and accounting bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities is analyzed. The article studies the structure, powers and composition of participants in the European Organization of Regional External Public Finance Audit Institutions (EURORAI). Separately, the article considers the issue of legal support for the organization and activities of the European Organization of regional bodies of external control of public finances, as well as its international legal status. The article concludes that the effectiveness of the interaction between the control and accounting bodies — members of EURORAI, is at a low level and practically does not have any effect on the activities of the control and accounting bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and is more important for improving its legal status in the regional level.

Demarcation Between the Concepts of Tax Evasion, Tax Planning and Aggressive Tax Planning in the Russian and Foreign Practice

One of the main consequences of globalization is development of cross-border trade of goods, work and services, emergence of multinational enterprises operating on the territory of two or more jurisdictions. Taxation of multinational enterprises is always controversial taking into consideration seeking of balance of public and private interests which involves taxpayer’s desire to decrease the amount of payable taxes and reverse governmental interest in obtainment of the full amount of the tax revenue. The article covers and differentiates the main models of taxpayer’s behavior aimed at reducing the amount of payable taxes: tax evasion, tax planning and aggressive tax planning, the harm caused by these activities to governmental budget revenues. The article deals with Russian and foreign legal framework and practice of each of the abovementioned legal phenomenon, highlighted the necessity of statutory recognition in the Russian Federation of the term “tax planning” and its principles to define its limits clearly. The article outlines different approaches to the term “aggressive tax planning” and the limits of this term, importance of cooperation among jurisdictions and information exchange to detect and give appropriate legislative and administrative responses for aggressive tax planning schemes.

Financial Law and the Financial Market (part 2)

The article examines the question of whether social relations arising in the financial market are included in the subject of financial law. In this regard, the concepts of finance, financial market and branch of law, the ratio of public and private law, the subject of financial law and methods of legal regulation are considered. Appropriate conclusions are drawn.

A Legal Definition of Entrepreneurial Activities for Taxation Purposes: Problem Setting

The definition of entrepreneurial activity is not contained in the legislation on taxes and fees, but it is used to distinguish categories of individuals taxpayers, which affects the procedure for fulfilling tax obligations, implementing measures of state coercion, support, etc. In this regard, it seems necessary to outline the problematic aspects of the application of the definition of entrepreneurial activity in tax relations.

Digitalization of Tax Relationships: A Theoretical Legal Aspect

The current stage of development of public relations is characterized by active digitalization processes. Law, being an important regulator of public relations, as well as other legal phenomena, including legal relations, are influenced by digital technologies. In the article author discusses theoretical and legal approaches to the digitalization of legal phenomena (using the example of tax legal relations). The features of the processes of digitalization of tax legal relations are investigated, the prerequisites and content of digitalization of tax legal relations are determined.

Tax Experiment Development History and Modern Tendencies

Tax experiments have been gaining popularity in the world in recent years. However, in most countries, as in the Russian Federation, there is no formally defined approach to experimental regulation. The process, results, and approach of many experiments are controversial in the scientific community. Based on history, it is possible to determine both the general elements of experiments and the attitude of governments to them, and the signs that influenced the effectiveness of such experiments. In most of the examples reviewed from several countries, the experiments were conducted using almost the same template. Based on the analysis of the history of individual tax experiments, the author draws conclusions about the presence of positive and negative factors common to different countries that affect the effectiveness of conducting, as well as the presence of modern problems and possible ways to solve them.

Principles of Financial Control Exercised within the Framework of the Contractual System in the Sphere of State and Municipal Procurements

The article is devoted to the principles of financial control and the contracting procurement, their correlation and practical implementation. The authors consider the process of formation of the principles and highlight those of them which are more practical-oriented. The problems of implementation are explored and the ways to overcome them are suggested.

Problems of the Legal Regulation of Financial Issues of Secession Prevention within the Framework of the Territorial Structure

The article considers approaches to determining the role of legal regulation of financial issues in preventing secession and the main models of such regulation in states with different territorial structures. Risks and advantages of different models (centralized, decentralized, federal, unitary) were identified. It is shown that when resolving the financial problems of certain regions, the task of preventing secession is most successfully and on a long-term basis solved only when integrating a separate regional mechanism into a coherent national financial settlement system.

Losses of Extracted Crude Hydrocarbons for the Purposes of Application of the Zero Mineral Resources Extraction Tax Rate: A Legal Aspect

In the article the author analyses the terminology of Chapter 26 of the Tax Code of Russian Federation that affect on application of the zero rate of tax in terms of normative losses of hydrocarbons. Based on the analysis current regulation and the concepts of “loss minerals”, “ normative losses”, “real losses”, “process losses”, the author proposes to make certain changes in Tax Code of Russian Federation to more clearly and intelligibly define terminology, and improve the efficiency of using the zero tax rate for taxpayers.