scholarly journals Eklezjalny wymiar pełnienia charyzmatu proroctwa. Wciąż aktualne przedsoborowe intuicje Yves’a Congara

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Artur Kasprzak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Church Renewal ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
The Church

This study examines the question of the elementary tools of discernment in the Church needed to guide the fulfilment of the prophet’s charism. The study considers the synthesis of Yves Congar’s important reflections in his book of 1950: True and False reform in the Church. The search of the French theologian refers to the analysis and finding the reasons for the division caused in the Church in the West by Martin Luther in the 16th century. We see behind Congar’s intuition that there is a risk of division in the prophetic quest to reform the Church. Only true reform in the Church can avoid it. However, an authentic reform must always be embedded in the right conditions of discernment. The issues raised by the eminent French theologian are important in terms of the dynamic pentecostalisation of Christianity, but also in the proper interpretation of the pastoral renewal directed by the current Pope Francis. The tools for discerning the authenticity of reform in the Church are still unchanged. Despite the 70 years that have passed since the publication of the book by Congar analysed here, his indicated conditions for assessing the authenticity of Church renewal are still valid.

Reformation: a changing Perception of Marriage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Nina Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Mystical Union ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Church

The article analyzes the ideas of the great reformers of the 16th century Martin Luther and John Calvin about marriage as the most important social institution. Luther's doctrine of the "earthly institution" of marriage and Calvin's doctrine of the marriage covenant had been shaped under the influence of their criticism of the Roman Catholic Church's position on marriage. Catholics considered marriage to be inferior to celibacy. The Church forbade marriage for monks and priests, and also prevented many lay people from getting married on the basis of prohibitions regarding religion, consanguinity, and guardianship. Since the Church considered marriage to be one of the seven sacraments that imparted grace to spouses and symbolized the mystical union of God and the Church, the marriage union was considered indissoluble. If the spouses were unhappy in their marriage, then they could get permission only for a separate living, but not for divorce. The reformers shifted the emphasis from the sacramentality of marriage to its social significance. They emphasized that marriage is the first institution in terms of importance in comparison with the Church and the state. The institution of matrimony is able to provide an example of relationships based on love, trust and mutual assistance, and the family is not only a means of population reproduction, it educates future citizens and members of the Church. The views of Martin Luther and John Calvin have had a decisive influence on Western European views on marriage, family and parenting. The article analyzes the ideas of the great reformers of the 16th century Martin Luther and John Calvin about marriage as the most important social institution. Luther's doctrine of the "earthly institution" of marriage and Calvin's doctrine of the marriage covenant had been shaped under the influence of their criticism of the Roman Catholic Church's position on marriage. Catholics considered marriage to be inferior to celibacy. The Church forbade marriage for monks and priests, and also prevented many lay people from getting married on the basis of prohibitions regarding religion, consanguinity, and guardianship. Since the Church considered marriage to be one of the seven sacraments that imparted grace to spouses and symbolized the mystical union of God and the Church, the marriage union was considered indissoluble. If the spouses were unhappy in their marriage, then they could get permission only for a separate living, but not for divorce. The reformers shifted the emphasis from the sacramentality of marriage to its social significance. They emphasized that marriage is the first institution in terms of importance in comparison with the Church and the state. The institution of matrimony is able to provide an example of relationships based on love, trust and mutual assistance, and the family is not only a means of population reproduction, it educates future citizens and members of the Church. The views of Martin Luther and John Calvin have had a decisive influence on Western European views on marriage, family and parenting.

Roman Law and the Western Tradition

On Hospitals ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 114-161
Author(s):  
Sethina Watson
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The West ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Having sketched the shape of the hospital in Carolingian Francia and Lombardy, the investigation now moves earlier, to uncover the legal foundations of welfare, as fostered under Roman law. This chapter redefines the tradition for welfare facilities in Roman law and identifies a distinctive Western legal model. It reappraises two extracts from Julian’s Epitome in the Collectio capitularium of Ansegis of Saint-Wandrille, the only evidence for Justinianic law in the West regarding hospitals. These are found not to relate to Carolingian welfare and new light is shed both on the palace’s use of these Roman law extracts and on the possible character of Ansegis’s book 2, on Louis the Pious’s ecclesiastical laws. The chapter then uses Justinian’s collections of law to explore the long development of welfare foundations in Roman law, finding them first accommodated under testamentary law. It argues that this basic testamentary model was moulded in the East, via the ‘pious promise’, into an institution under divine or public law. In the West, however, the early testamentary form was developed via the documentary practices that characterized Roman law in the West, c.400–800. These practices reveal a distinctive Western approach, which enshrined not the institution but the right to institute; that is, the right of the testator to prescribe and fix acts of human charity. A final section offers a new account of the development of welfare institutions in early Christianity, as East and West diverged and the West developed a vernacular Christian practice, one that was not owned by the church but enacted and developed by testators.

Facts and Fears in and around Martin Luther

Moreana ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (Number 141) (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Jared Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Summary Judgment ◽  
The Church

In his recent biography Richard Marius attends above all to Luther’s temperament, which was melancholy and susceptible to haunting fears of death. As the biography breaks off in 1527, Luther is in deep depression and has already published works marred by bitterness and vehemence. The biographer admits his summary judgment that while Luther did bring evangelical freshness to the faith of a few, he contributed to the Reformation precisely the elements that made it catastrophic for the West, as in the religious wars of the century after Luther’s death. Luther, after such a demythologization, can still speak to us about marshaling what talents we have to bring some light to our world. The work presents several aspects of the Church in Luther’s time inaccurately, and on Luther’s theology some of its interpretations also call for correction. But on Luther’s “discovery of the Gospel”, placed in 1519, Marius delineates well the factors exacerbating Luther’s anguish and the flash of light that came from St. Paul as Luther found an evangelical word of consolation and assurance repeatedly communicated in sacramental encounters with Christ. This creates a new dialectic of fear and hope and left Luther still susceptible to depression, especially in reaction to divisions in his own ranks and the many obstacles that blocked smooth implementation of reform.

The Historical Background of Lutherian Protestanism from an Islamic Perspective and Martin Luther’s View of the Qur’an, the Prophet Muhammad and the Turks

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özcan Hıdır
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Western World ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Effect ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractMartin Luther is one of the most important figures of the 16th century, a period of religious reformation in European history. He is the initiator of what later called “Protestantism”. Luther’s theological theories and tradition of thought belong to the foundations of contemporary Western civilization and also been effective in the formation of the world of thought in the West. In this regard, Luther is the first to take religious, political and socio-cultural dynamics into account for understanding Western civilization. It can be stated that the Ottomans -thus Islam and Muslims- had some political effect with respect to the emergence of Protestantism. However we lack information and documents to prove the existence of a religious effect. Along with this, it is obvious that the possibility of such an effect cannot be totally disregarded; it needs to profound en depth studies from comparative perspectives, especially by Muslim researchers.Although, from time to time, Luther expressed a positive view of Islam, the Qur’an, the Prophet Muhammad and Turks, his opinions in general are negative. It must not be overlooked that these theories and views are expressed within the negative political context of that time (the 16th century). Along with this, it is known that this negative attitude influences the negative depictions and descriptions regarding Islam, Qur’an, Prophet Muhammad and Muslims in the contemporary Western world. So it can be said that the negative image of Islam in the West has in fact a background that shows continuity from the Middle Ages until now. To understand our time, it is necessary to study this image in the Middle Ages thoroughly. It is obvious that both Westerners and Muslims have much to do to rectify this image.In this study, we attempt to analyze the historical background of Lutherian Protestantism and reconsider the view and attitudes of Martin Luther against the Qur’an, the Prophet Muhammad, and the Ottoman Turks, from the perspectives of the Islamic scholars.

scholarly journals Dijecezanski biskupi u sinodalnoj Crkvi

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Alan Modrić
Keyword(s):  
Pope Francis ◽  
God's People ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The article begins with Pope Francis’ teachings on synodality, the synodal Church and the meaning of synodality in the juridical system of the Church. It is the intent of this article to explain the diocesan bishop’s importance and his role in the fulfillment of synodality. The author includes also an examination of ecclesiastical organs at the diocesan level, of a group of dioceses and in the universal Church. The need is highlighted for greater collaboration between shepherds of the Church and the faithful which could help the Church achieve more profound communion and which would be in accordance with the contemporary Pope’s wish for a synodal path for the whole of God’s people. On this path, the diocesan bishop is a key figure in the realization of the synodal Church: firstly, at the level of his diocese in which he should acknowledge the right of the faithful to advise their shepherd and assist him in the administration of the particular Church, and secondly, at the level of the universal Church, in constructing a hierarchical communion with the Roman Pontiff and the College of Bishops. The diocesan bishop can help in the administration of the universal Church on behalf of God’s people, keeping the needs and dignity of the faithful always in mind.

The church in the West Highlands in the late middle ages

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Church

Духовное влияние советского строя на иерархов и духовенство в 1960-е—1980-е годы (SPIRITUAL INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM ON HIERARCHS AND CLERGY IN THE 1960-s – 1980-s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Олег Викторович (Oleg V.) Кириченко (Kirichenko)
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The West ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена малоизученному явлению – церковному инакомыслию, которое было порождено влиянием «советской духовности» не только на общество, но и на Церковь. Автор ставит проблему инакомыслия и диссидентства как явлений, выросших в недрах высшей советской номенклатуры и потом уже распространившихся на низшие слои, затронувшие и церковную среду. Апелляция к Западу, как к третейскому судье, была закономерным явлением советской действительности, что требует научной проработки и объяснения. The article is devoted to a little-studied phenomenon – church dissent, which was generated by the influence of "Soviet spirituality" not only on society, but also on the Church. The author poses the problem of dissent and dissidentism as phenomena that grew up in the the higher Soviet nomenclature and then spread to the lower layers, affecting the church environment. An appeal to the West as an arbitrator was a natural phenomenon of Soviet reality, which requires scientific study and explanation.

Lived Catholicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Kirch
Keyword(s):  
Pope Francis ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Church

Both Pope Francis and Robert Schreiter recognize that the world has been profoundly affected by conflict, globalization, and the breakdown of relationships on multiple levels. They also assert that the Church must address these situations. The ecclesiologies of both Schreiter and Francis offer effective tools for this work. This article will examine several key, shared concepts within their ecclesiologies. Specifically, their understandings of the missionary nature of the Church and their robust understanding of catholicity prove to be key concepts in the Church's response to a world marred by sin.

Clergy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hill QC
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
And Training

This chapter focuses on the clergy of the Church of England. It first explains the process of selection and training for deacons and priests, along with their ordination, functions, and duties. It then considers the status and responsibilities of incumbents, patronage, and presentation of a cleric to a benefice, and suspension of presentation. It also examines the institution, collation, and induction of a presentee as well as unbeneficed clergy such as assistant curates and priests-in-charge of parishes, the authority of priests to officiate under the Extra-Parochial Ministry Measure, the right of priests to hold office under Common Tenure, and the role of visitations in maintaining the discipline of the Church. The chapter concludes with a discussion of clergy retirement and removal, employment status of clergy, vacation of benefices, group and team ministries, and other church appointments including rural or area deans, archdeacons, diocesan bishops, suffragan bishops, and archbishops.

At the Edge of Reformation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Linehan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Black Death ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This book springs from its author’s continuing interest in the history of Spain and Portugal—on this occasion in the first half of the fourteenth century between the recovery of each kingdom from widespread anarchy and civil war and the onset of the Black Death. Focussing on ecclesiastical aspects of the period in that region (Galicia in particular) and secular attitudes to the privatization of the Church, it raises inter alios the question why developments there did not lead to a permanent sundering of the relationship with Rome (or Avignon) two centuries ahead of that outcome elsewhere in the West. In addressing such issues, as well as of neglected material in Spanish and Portuguese archives, use is made of the also unpublished so-called ‘secret’ registers of the popes of the period. The issues it raises concern not only Spanish and Portuguese society in general but also the developing relationship further afield of the components of the eternal quadrilateral (pope, king, episcopate, and secular nobility) in late medieval Europe, as well as of the activity in that period of those caterpillars of the commonwealth, the secular-minded sapientes. In this context, attention is given to the hitherto neglected attempt of Afonso IV of Portugal to appropriate the privileges of the primatial church of his kingdom and to advance the glorification of his Castilian son-in-law, Alfonso XI, as God’s vicegerent in his.

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