scholarly journals Arheološki nalazi dekorativno-funkcionalnih elemenata obuće iz kasnoga srednjeg vijeka u Kaštelima

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonči Burić
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

Late medieval graves in the Kaštela region have been found to contain, in addition to jewelry, decorative-functional elements of clothing and footwear, termed Gothic according to the stylistic period then in fashion. These are finds from graves that were then on the territory of the commune districts of Split and Trogir. Finds are taken into consideration here that belong to remains of footwear, which so far in Croatia have not even been recognized as such, and which can be stratigraphically and typologically placed in the late Middle Ages (14th-15th cent.). These are objects of a utilitarian character that at the same time have clear stylistic traits, and they have been discovered in the past two decades during systematic excavation of medieval cemeteries in Kaštela. These are large parish cemeteries that grew up around early medieval churches; the cemetery around the church of St. George of Putalj and the cemetery around the church of St. George of Radun. The Putalj cemetery was the graveyard for the inhabitants of medieval Sućurac for more than four centuries (12th-16th cent.), and the Radun cemetery belonged to part of the village of Radun and had an even longer continuity of burial (11th-16th cent.). The first examples were found at these sites, some of them in situ, which enabled a more precise functional determination of them through stylistic-typological parallels and also among dislocated finds in graves with multiple burials, as well as parallels at cemeteries in neighboring regions in central Dalmatia. Finds to the present of shoe buckles can be classified to two typological variants (Pl. I:1-3), one of them called the Radun type according to the eponymous site (Pl. I:1, 3). They are all chronologically coherent and belong to those strata of the cemeteries that are dated according to determined parameters (stratigraphy, typology of the finds) to the 14th and beginning of the 15th centuries, when the Gothic style in art was already completely developed. They can thus be attributed as artistic craft products of the artisan workshops in Split and Trogir at that time, which were distributed throughout the area of the urban districts of those communes. Finds of functionally identical objects have been recorded on the territory of Roman Salona and its broader vicinity, but in the period of late antiquity, while in the early modern period (16th-18th cent.) finds of iron hobnails for shoes or boots have been registered at a large number of sites in the hinterland of central Dalmatia. In addition to the rare and generalized tiny depictions of shoe buckles in the artistic sources of the Gothic and Renaissance (paintings, frescoes, sculptures) in Western Europe, references to them can also be found in written sources. One notarial document from the 16th century in Zadar mentions shoe buckles under the term fiube da scarpe. The investigation of this segment of material culture is just beginning, and new data can be expected to be discovered in documents and works of art, and above all in new archaeological finds of buckles for footwear, which will considerably improve our knowledge of this interesting attire detail from the Gothic and Renaissance periods.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
State Building ◽  
Court System ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Church ◽  
Written Sources

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Russian and Ukrainian witchcraft from the Middle Ages to the turn of the twentieth century. Like their European neighbors, Russia and the Ukrainian lands recorded incidents of witchcraft and sorcery from the times of the earliest written sources, and along with other Christian cultures, they formally condemned the practice of magic outside of the Church. In synch with their European contemporaries, they saw spikes in formal legal prosecution during the early modern period. In the case of Russia, this was a time of ambitious state building and expansion of the tsarist court system. Formal trials of witches there began as a minute trickle in the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century, when they were already well underway or even inching toward an end in parts of Western Europe. Peaking in the second half of the seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth centuries, Russian and Ukrainian trials abated only during the 1770s but did not cease altogether until the mid-nineteenth century. Witchcraft was energetically prosecuted in Russia and Ukraine after the entire notion of magic had fallen into disrepute (or even become laughable) among most members of the educated classes in Western areas.

scholarly journals East meets West: Mounted Encounters in Early and High Mediaeval Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-107
Author(s):  
Jürg Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
And Training ◽  
North Western

Abstract By the Late Middle Ages, mounted troops - cavalry in the form of knights - are established as the dominant battlefield arm in North-Western Europe. This paper considers the development of cavalry after the Germanic Barbarian Successor Kingdoms such as the Visigoths in Spain or the Carolingian Franks emerged from Roman Late Antiquity and their encounters with Islam, as with the Moors in Iberia or the Saracens (Arabs and Turks) during the Crusades, since an important part of literature ascribes advances in European horse breeding and horsemanship to Arab influence. Special attention is paid to information about horse types or breeds, conformation, tactics - fighting with lance and bow - and training. Genetic studies and the archaeological record are incorporated to test the literary tradition.

The organization and rise of land and lease markets in northwestern Europe and Italy, c. 1000–1800

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. P. VAN BAVEL
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Institutional Organization

ABSTRACTIn the course of the late Middle Ages and early modern period, in Western Europe, ways of transferring and redistributing land outside the market were replaced by market transactions. This, however, was by no means a general and unilinear process, but one that displays strong regional differences and temporal discontinuities. This article aims to gain more insight in the factors underlying these differences, by reconstructing and analysing the institutional organization of exchange in land and lease markets. The analysis, undertaken for northwestern Europe and Italy, points to the socio-political context as a main determinant of this organization.

A Century of Historiography: The Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, 1900–2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-674
Author(s):  
Wim Janse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Church History ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

AbstractChurch History and Religious Culture (formerly Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis. Since 1829) is the oldest scholarly journal in the Netherlands that still appears to this day. A reflection of the discipline of academic historiography, the journal is a historical source in itself. This essay focuses on the 1,162 articles that appeared in the Archief between 1900 and 2000, in an attempt to discern in this mirror some developments, changes, and tendencies in twentieth-century Dutch church historiography. The following topics are discussed: 2. the contextuality of church historiography; 1. the effect of the church historian's personality on church historiography; 3. the geographical and chronological range of the Archief; and 4. the Archief and general historiography. The conclusions are that until the 1960s Dutch church historiography, as far as reflected in the Archief, shared the general pillarization of the Dutch establishment. The personal orientations of especially the editors were decisive; the journal's focus was on national Dutch church history; the main object of attention was the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, most of all the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The twentieth-century church historiography in the Archief was a modest reflection of the developments within general historiography; it recognized the importance of interdisciplinarity, but should be characterized as a strong classical discipline based on the study and interpretation of primary sources.

scholarly journals Billedprogrammet på Trondenes: Den hellige Anna – sjømennenes og rikdommens beskytter

Nordlit ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Rognald Heiseldal Bergesen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Church

<p>The interior of the parish church at Trondenes in Harstad in Northern Norway is one of the best-preserved medieval interiors in Scandinavia. Four of its reredos have survived, three of them <em>in situ</em>. A significant characteristic of the decoration in the church is the pronounced presence of St. Anne and the Holy Kinship. The article explores the roles of these motifs in the iconography at Trondenes. Even though there are no sources related to the specific religious use of these motifs at Trondenes, our general knowledge of their cult elsewhere in Europe suggests how they might have been used in Trondenes. Among ordinary people in the medieval Northern Germany, the cult of Saint Anne and the Holy Kinship were related to the protection of sailors and to secure the growth of their income, as well as to protect against diseases. Usually these motifs were found in maritime, urban regions. St. Anne was regarded as a role model for the middle class women, and the Holy Kinship as a “self-image” of the trading middle class. Trondenes is the main Church in a large maritime region. In the late middle ages the fisheries along the coastline provided large incomes to the chapter of the Cathedral of Nidaros who owned Trondenes and to the local merchants at Trondenes. In such circumstances it is reasonable that the presence of St. Anne and the Holy Kinship at Trondenes was related to the protection of local sailors and to the growth of income from the fisheries. </p>

scholarly journals K stavebním proměnám venkovského domu v pozdním středověku a raném novověku: příklad ze Zbečna u Křivoklátu / Structural changes of a rural house in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period: An example from Zbečno, Central Bohemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-648
Author(s):  
Jan Kypta ◽  
◽  
Filip Laval ◽  
Zdeněk Neustupný ◽  
Barbara Marethová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
The Village

Extraordinarily valuable house no. 22 in the village of Zbečno (Rakovník district) underwent complex construction development in the Early Modern period. The oldest preserved structures date from the 16th century, and significant reconstruction work took place in the 18th century. However, the origin of the house is substantially older. The article presents the comprehensive results of an archaeological excavation performed in a pair of living rooms and in the courtyard of the homestead. In the stratified layers beneath today’s floors, it was possible to distinguish the remains of three consecutive medieval houses, the internal layout of which corresponded to the floor plan of today’s house. Two of these houses were destroyed by fire. Pottery dates the construction of the earliest house to the period between the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century. Although the current walls are slightly shifted in plan from the medieval development stages, the orientation of the main dispositional axes has not changed.

Medieval Marian Pilgrimage in the Catholic West

2019 ◽  
pp. 559-578
Author(s):  
James Bugslag
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Period

The slight evidence for Marian pilgrimage in Western Europe from the sixth century begins to increase by the tenth century. Pilgrimage shrines, often related with an apparition of Mary, mushroomed from the eleventh century, appearing in greater and greater numbers into the early modern period. Marian relics begin to appear, as well, in the eleventh century, but the vast majority of Marian pilgrimages focused on miraculous images, icons in Italy and Eastern Europe, statues elsewhere. As Mary became more embedded in affective devotion from the twelfth century onwards, Marian pilgrimage experienced dramatic escalation. Yet, much local pilgrimage, which rooted Mary’s presence in the landscape, was related to help in this life: cures, protection, security, etc. Despite the presence of some major international pilgrimage shrines, most Marian pilgrimage was very local by the late Middle Ages, creating a dense network of Marian shrines all over Europe.

Retrieving the History of Women Biblical Interpreters

2020 ◽  
pp. 459-478
Author(s):  
Joy A. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Ethiopian Orthodox ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pandita Ramabai

Since the early 2000s, scholars have begun to retrieve the history of women biblical interpreters. They have identified hundreds of writings by Jewish and Christian women who worked prior to the twentieth century, some of whom offered protofeminist or early feminist perspectives on scripture. This essay provides a survey of recent scholarship on the topic, as well as a historical overview of women interpreters active in late antiquity, the Middle Ages, the early modern period, and the nineteenth century. Since most of these women interpreters are from Western Europe and the United States, consisting mainly of Roman Catholics and Protestants, future directions should include a more global, inclusive account of women’s contributions. Diverse voices discussed include Rivkah bat Meir of Prague, Ethiopian Orthodox nun Walatta Petros, Mexican nun Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Afro-Peruvian mystic Ursula de Jesús, and Indian scholar Pandita Ramabai.

scholarly journals East meets West

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
And Training ◽  
North Western

By the Late Middle Ages, mounted troops - cavalry in the form of knights - are established as the dominant battlefield arm in North-Western Europe. This paper considers the development of cavalry after the Germanic Barbarian Successor Kingdoms such as the Visigoths in Spain or the Carolingian Franks emerged from Roman Late Antiquity and their encounters with Islam, as with the Moors in Iberia or the Saracens (Arabs and Turks) during the Crusades, since an important part of literature ascribes advances in European horse breeding and horsemanship to Arab influence. Special attention is paid to information about horse types or breeds, conformation, tactics - fighting with lance and bow - and training. Genetic studies and the archaeological record are incorporated to test the literary tradition.

The church in the West Highlands in the late middle ages

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Church
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