THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVARY OF THE RAT. III

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eckstein ◽  
H. Shain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Developing Rat

The response of ovarian and uterine glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity to serum gonadotrophin (PMS) treatment at various ages of the developing rat was studied. The greatest response (62.2 per cent increase in the ovary and 74.5 per cent increase in the uterus) were found at the ages of 31–33 days. Growth hormone and oestrogen administration caused an increase in ovarian weight with no rise in GOT. It is therefore concluded that the action of gonadotrophin on GOT activity in the ovary is specific. All sex hormones examined, (oestrone, testosterone and progesterone) which had a stimulating activity on the immature rat uterus, induced an increase of GOT activity in this organ. Growth hormone also stimulated growth of the uterus, but reduced its GOT activity. This indicates a difference between the growth promoting action of growth hormone and of the sex hormones on the uterus. As the GOT stimulating effect of PMS was induced in hypophysectomized rats, it is concluded that this effect is not mediated by the hypophysis.

Potentiation of the growth-promoting activity of porcine growth hormone (pGH) with an antibody generated in rabbits to the peptide sequence pGH110–118

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Wang ◽  
E. Szewczyk ◽  
H.-M. Shieh ◽  
I. C. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Antigenic Epitope ◽  
Peptide Antigens ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT An effort was made to identify the antigenic epitope(s) of porcine GH (pGH) capable of inducing antibodies which would enhance the growth-promoting activity of the hormone. Several peptide sequences of the pGH molecule were synthesized and the antibodies to these peptides were generated in rabbits. The majority of these antibodies were found to be immunoreactive with both intact pGH and their respective peptide antigens. The biological activity of the antibodies was tested in growth-retarded hypophysectomized rats. Daily injections with pGH alone significantly increased their growth rate and treatment with a combination of pGH and antibody specific to the peptide sequence 110–118 further heightened the somatogenic effect. Administration of this antibody alone did not enhance the growth rate of hypophysectomized rats, neither did antibodies raised to intact pGH or the other peptide sequences. The present findings suggest that antibody with a particular pGH epitope specificity is able to increase the somatogenic activity of pGH and that the peptide corresponding to pGH amino acids 110–118 may prove useful in the development of growth promoting vaccines. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 481–485

Growth-promoting effects of insulin and growth hormone in hypophysectomized and diethylstilboestrol-treated rats, and in rats fed 2-4-dinitrophenol

1956 ◽  
Vol 145 (919) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Pancreatic Insulin ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting

Protamine zinc insulin has no growth-promoting effect in rats whose growth has been inhibited by diethylstilboestrol. Hypophyseal growth hormone stimulates growth in diethylstilboestrol-treated rats, and treatment with growth hormone and protamine zinc insulin results in an enhanced rate of growth. Protamine zinc insulin has growth-promoting properties in hypophysectomized rats, and cortisone acetate inhibits growth in insulin-treated hypophysectomized rats. 2-4-Dinitrophenol prevents growth and increases nitrogen excretion in young rats. Combined treatm ent with insulin, growth hormone and glucose induces growth and brings about positive nitrogen balance in dinitrophenol-poisoned rats. Adrenal, testis, liver and pancreas weights are normal in dinitrophenol-poisoned rats. The amount of extractable pancreatic insulin is also within normal limits. It is suggested that the functions of the hypophysis and pancreas are not seriously impaired, and that treatment with growth hormone and insulin promotes esterification of inorganic phosphate to high-energy phosphate compounds in the dinitrophenol-poisoned rats.

INFLUENCE OF LIVER RESECTION AND REGENERATION ON SOMATOMEDIN (SULPHATION FACTOR) ACTIVITY IN SERA FROM NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Uthne ◽  
Turid Uthne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Normal Liver Function ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Resected Liver ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Somatotrophic Hormone

ABSTRACT Somatomedin (SM) activity has been studied in the plasma of normal and hypophysectomized rats following partial hepatectomy. In normal rats a rapid disappearance of SM-activity was observed reaching a 75 per cent decrease 4–6 hours after surgery. The remaining lobes, 30 per cent of the total livers, left after hepatectomy gained in weight and were fully restored after 5–6 days. The SM-activity in the plasma from these rats slowly returned to normal level at the same rate as restoration of the resected liver tissue. In hypophysectomized rats a 35 per cent increase in relative liver weight (weight of liver in per cent of body weight) was observed 6 days after surgery in spite of the absence of the pituitary gland. Partially hepatectomized hypophysectomized rats given a pharmacological dose of human growth hormone were found to produce 40 per cent less SM-activity than control hypophysectomized rats when injected 24 hours after surgery. Administration of cycloheximide to hypophysectomized rats before growth hormone administration totally inhibited the production of SM-activity. It is concluded that the production of somatomedin in the rat is dependent on a normal liver function and that somatotrophic hormone is not an absolute necessity in the regenerating process.

GROWTH RETARDATION: USE OF SULFATION FACTOR AS A BIOASSAY FOR GROWTH HORMONE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-551
Author(s):  
Maurice D. Kogut ◽  
S. A. Kaplan ◽  
C. S. N. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Pituitary Diseases ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean

A bioassay for measurement of human growth hormone based upon the observation that normal human serum, in vitro, will favor the incorporation of S-35 into immature rat cartilage is described. The factor in serum is called "sulfation factor." Sulfation factor determinations were performed on 27 normal children, 15 with hypopituitarism, 26 dwarfs without demonstrable endocrine or other diseases, 11 children with a variety of non-pituitary diseases causing dwarfism, and 1 adult with acromegaly. The mean activity (± S. E.) of sulfation factor was 0.84 ± 0.057 S. F. units in the normal children, 0.45 ± 0.024 S. F. units in idiopathic hypopituitary patients (p < 0.01), 0.95 ± 0.054 S. F. units in dwarfs without evidence of endocrine or other recognizable diseases, 0.82 ± 0.057 S. F. units in dwarfs with well recognized nonpituitary disease, and 2.2 S. F. units in one adult with acromegaly. There was an excellent correlation between sulfation factor and other laboratory determinations of pituitary function. Hypophysectomized rats receiving bovine growth hormone showed substantial increase of sulfation factor as compared to control hypophysectomized rats. Sulfation factor activity appears to be a valid and useful indicator of growth hormone activity in serum.

COMPARISON OF THE ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE, HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND AN ANABOLIC STEROID IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reiss ◽  
M. B. Sideman ◽  
E. S. Plichta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Weight Decrease ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and an anabolic steroid did not raise the weight of hypophysectomized rats: those substances, however, prevented the weight decrease seen in the first 3 weeks after operation of 200 g rats which were maintained both pre- and post-operatively on the same routine diet. HCG did not have this effect on hypophysectomized animals which had been also castrated. It is assumed that the growth promoting action seen after HCG or anabolic steroid is due in normal animals and patients to an endogenous stimulation of growth hormone production by the pituitary anterior lobe.

BIOASSAY OF GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN PREPARATIONS BY DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDINAL BONE GROWTH WITH TETRACYCLINE

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-G. Thorngren ◽  
L. I. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Longitudinal Bone Growth ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT The growth stimulating effect of different growth hormone and prolactin preparations on the longitudinal bone growth in thyroxine-treated hypophysectomized rats was determined by the tetracycline method. The effect of the hormone preparations was compared with that of the 1st International Standard for growth hormone. The potency calculation showed that the tested human growth hormone preparations have a higher potency than the bovine, ovine and porcine growth hormone preparations. Also potency differences were found between hormones from the same species but prepared by different methods. The prolactin preparations have a considerably lower growth promoting activity than the growth hormone preparations. The bioassay method used in the present investigation has a favourable mean precision (λ = 0.172) and sensitivity compared with the earlier bioassay methods. The present method increases the possibility of determining the biological effects of various growth promoting substances.

GROWTH HORMONE AND RADIO-SULFATE INCORPORATION IN COSTAL CARTILAGE

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott J. Collins ◽  
Vernon F. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Reliable Estimation ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Sulfate Incorporation

ABSTRACT The characteristics and nature of the effect of growth hormone on the incorporation of radio-sulfate into the costal cartilage of hypophysectomized rats has been studied. The time-response studies indicate that a reliable estimation of growth hormone activity can be ascertained within a 24 hour period, and a reproducible dose-related response can be obtained at dosage levels ranging from 12-48 μg. Growth hormone stimulates the synthesis of organic sulfates and accumulation of inorganic sulfates within 48 hours.

SENSITIVITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM TO GROWTH HORMONE.

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Hjalmarson ◽  
K. Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT The effect of growth hormone (GH) in vitro on the rate of intracellular accumulation of the non-utilizable amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was studied in the intact rat diaphragm preparation. Bovine or ovine GH (25 μg/ml incubation medium) markedly stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C by diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats, while there was no or only a very slight effect on diaphragms from normal rats. In diaphragms from rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted to the kidney capsule GH in vitro stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C significantly more than in diaphragms from normal rats but significantly less than in diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats. Injections of GH intramuscularly for 4 days to hypophysectomized rats made the diaphragms from these rats less sensitive or completely insensitive to GH in vitro. These results indicate strongly that the relative insensitivity to GH in vitro of diaphragms from normal rats is due to the fact that the muscle tissues from these rats has been exposed to the endogenously secreted GH. The results show that GH can influence the accumulation of AIB-14C in the isolated rat diaphragm in two different ways giving an acute or »stimulatory« effect and a late or »inhibitory« effect, and that it seems to be a time-relationship between these two effects of the hormone.

BIOASSAY OF GROWTH HORMONE

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-G. Thorngren ◽  
L. I. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Operative Control ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT The growth stimulating effect of growth hormone was determined with tetracycline as intravital marker of the longitudinal bone growth of proximal tibia in female Sprague-Dawley rats hypophysectomized at 60 days of age. After a post-operative control period of 15 days growth hormone (NIH-GH-B16) was given daily for 5 or 10 days followed by a 10 day period after its withdrawal. L-thyroxine was given in association with the growth hormone administration to potentiate the growth stimulation. A linear log dose-response relation was found for the two administration models with a high precision. The thyroxine-treatment increased the sensitivity of the bioassay. An administration period of 5 days was found sufficient for the bioassay of growth hormone in thyroxine-treated hypophysectomized rats. Compared with the earlier bioassay methods for growth hormone, the present bioassay is more favourable when all the factors, such as precision, sensitivity, specificity, and administration period are considered.

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