A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF STEROID EXCRETION IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER ELECTRO-CONVULSIVE THERAPY

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Ferguson ◽  
A. C. G. Bartram ◽  
H. C. Fowlie ◽  
D. M. Cathro ◽  
K. Birchall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

ABSTRACT Using a method dependent upon paper chromatography, the urinary excretion of the individual corticosteroids and the individual 17-oxosteroids has been studied before and after electro-convulsive therapy in five female patients suffering from a depressive illness. The corticosteroids, which are normally associated with stress, were found to show a fall in excretion from abnormally high levels before treatment to normal levels thereafter. The 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids, on the other hand, showed a low level of excretion prior to treatment which was followed by a rise to normal values in clinical remission. These findings are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS CORTICOTROPHIN ON STEROID EXCRETION IN THE NEWBORN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lauritzen ◽  
C. H. L. Shackleton ◽  
F. L. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Production Ratio ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Steroid Excretion

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of the individual 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 steroids together with cortisol and the chromatographic bands of material containing its tetrahydrometabolites, have been studied in early infancy before and after stimulation by exogenous corticotrophin (ACTH). The average increase in the excretion of the Δ5 steroids after stimulation is relatively small (less than 185%) compared with the increase in cortisol and its metabolites (greater than 600%) and it is suggested that ACTH stimulation cannot be solely responsible for the formation of the considerable quantities of Δ5 steroids in early infancy and the high Δ5 steroid/cortisol production ratio in utero.

Neuroblastoma—When are Urinary Catecholamines and Their Metabolites ‘Normal’?

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Worthington ◽  
E M Hammond ◽  
B B Eldeeb ◽  
A Green ◽  
G M Addison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Upper Reference Limit ◽  
The Individual

The overproduction of catecholamines and their metabolites is a well recognised feature of neuroblastoma. Published data are scarce for their urinary excretion in children with neuroblastoma and in ill children in whom this diagnosis may be considered. We have determined a graphical upper reference limit for total catecholamines, total metadrenalines and HMMA in urine, expressed as a ratio to the creatinine concentration, for a group of 174 children with neuroblastoma and 704 hospitalised children with other disorders. This graph has been determined by examining the overlap region between the results for the two groups of children and avoids the irregularities caused by statistical outliers. The sensitivity and specificity of the individual tests indicate that total catecholamines is marginally the best single test to perform when trying to diagnose neuroblastoma, with the best clinical sensitivity being achieved by examining both total catecholamines and HMMA. Only two of the 174 children with neuroblastoma would not have been detected using these two tests. Total metadrenalines did not appear to add any further information and could be dropped from the repertoire in favour of the other two measurements.

The Effect of Electro-Convulsive Therapy on Spinal Fluid Constituents

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (443) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Eiduson ◽  
Norman Q. Brill ◽  
Evelyn Crumpton
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

During the course of an investigation of the effectiveness of various components of electric convulsive therapy in the treatment of hospitalized psychiatric patients (Brill et al., 1957, 1959) observations were made on the spinal fluid concentrations of cations and total protein before and after treatment. The possibility existed that alterations in brain function and structure (which are believed by many to occur during a course of electro-convulsive treatment, and to be responsible for improvement in patients receiving such treatment) might be associated with, or reflected by measurable changes in the cerebral spinal fluid.

Adrenocortical Responsiveness during Courses of Electro-convulsive Therapy

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elithorn ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Hodges ◽  
M. T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

In a previous paper (Hodges, Jones, Elithorn and Bridges, 1964) we reported on adrenocortical activity in depressed and schizophrenic patients as revealed by plasma cortisol levels before and after electro-convulsive therapy (E.C.T.). Close similarity was found between the two groups except for three depressed patients who appeared to show considerably higher cortisol levels after the treatment than did the remaining subjects. The patients were examined at random different treatments during the whole treatment course and it appeared possible, both that the observed cortisol response to E.C.T. might depend partly on which treatment of the series in a whole course was under examination, and also that the response of the illness to therapy might be a significant factor. It was therefore decided to observe in a number of subjects the response to successive treatments throughout courses of E.C.T.

ZUR FRAGE DER BIOSYNTHESE VON ALDOSTERON UND 11-DESOXYCORTICOSTERON IN DER NEBENNIERE UND IM ADENOM BEI EINEM PATIENTEN MIT PRIMÄREM ALDOSTERONISMUS

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dahm ◽  
H. Breuer ◽  
J. M. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Progesterone Metabolite ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT In a 19-year old male patient, suffering from primary aldosteronism, the biosynthesis of 11-deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone was studied in slices of normal and adenomatous adrenal tissue; [4-14C] progesterone and [4-14C] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were used as substrates. In addition, the urinary excretion of 1 1-deoxycorticosterone, tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone was determined before and after operation. As compared with normal adrenal tissue, a very high activity of the 21-hydroxylase towards progesterone (metabolite: 11-deoxycorticosterone) as well as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (metabolite: 17α-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone) was found in the adenoma. In contrast, the activity of the 11β-hydroxylase was much less in the adenoma than in the normal adrenal tissue. In the absence of cofactors, only traces of aldosterone were detected in the experiments with slices of the adenoma, whereas a normal rate of production was observed in the experiments with the adrenal slices. The excretion of aldosterone in urine varied between 29.4 and 70.7 μg/24 h before operation; it was unaffected by dietetic measures, thus indicating an autonomy of the tumour. After operation, the concentration of aldosterone in urine fell to normal values (6.1–9.1 μg/24 h). The excretion of free 11-deoxycorticosterone (0.2–2.0 μg/24 h) and of its tetrahydroderivative (31.7–40.4 μg/24 h) was in the normal range before as well as after operation. The increased formation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and the decreased formation of aldosterone in the adenoma under in vitro conditions stand in contrast to the normal excretion of 11-deoxycorticosterone and the increased excretion of aldosterone in urine before operation. This discrepancy may be explained by the deficiency of cofactors in the slices of the adenoma. The results obtained support the view that, in steroid producing organs with high activities, only limited conclusions can be drawn from in vitro experiments to the situation in vivo.

Catalase, glutathion peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and tbars status before and after electro convulsive therapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87S
Author(s):  
E. Tutkun ◽  
A. Özden ◽  
H. Kumbasar ◽  
H.H. Özsan ◽  
T. Söylemezoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

Urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response to antidiuretic hormone in diabetes insipidus (DI): comparison between congenital nephrogenic DI type 1 and 2, and vasopressin sensitive DI

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiko Ohzeki
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. Urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) excretion before and after administration of aqueous vasopressin (pitressin) and 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was measured in congenital nephrogenic and in vasopressin sensitive diabetes insipidus (VS-DI). Excretion of cAMP into the urine increased markedly in response to pitressin (676%) and to DDAVP (252%) in VS-DI. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (N-DI) could be divided into two categories (type 1 and type 2) in respect to urinary cAMP responsiveness. In type 1, cAMP excretion showed no definite change after stimulation with pitressin (102%) or DDAVP (127%). On the other hand, urinary excretion of cAMP was significantly elevated in response to DDAVP in familial cases of N-DI type 2 (1269%) without producing any concentrating effect on the urine. Two different defects are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of N-DI.

EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS OR INTRA-AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE ON OESTROGEN LEVELS IN URINE AND SERUM IN LATE PREGNANCY WITH LIVE ANENCEPHALIC FOETUSES

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAEYAMA ◽  
S. ICHIMARU ◽  
K. NAKAHARA ◽  
M. NAKAYAMA ◽  
I. MIYAKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urine And Serum

SUMMARY Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) was injected intravenously or intra-amniotically into eight volunteers carrying live anencephalic foetuses (including one microcephalic foetus). Urinary and unconjugated serum oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were measured before and after DHAS administration. In seven pregnant women with live anencephalic foetuses the urinary excretion of oestriol was very low, and the ratio of oestriol to oestrone+ oestradiol was much less than that during normal pregnancy. Increases of urinary oestrone and oestradiol but no significant change in the ratio of oestriol to oestrone + oestradiol were observed 24 h after i.v. administration of DHAS to five patients. In three patients, between 1 and 12 h after i.v. administration of DHAS (100–200 mg), the concentrations of serum oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol increased to 13·5, 6·8 and 3·1 times the control values, respectively. After injection of DHAS (200 mg) intra-amniotically into two patients, the urinary excretion of all three oestrogens increased much more on day 2 than on day 1, and the ratio of urinary oestriol to oestrone + oestradiol rose greatly. On the other hand, the concentrations of unconjugated serum oestrogens in these patients increased progressively between 1 and 12 h or more after DHAS administration, and the maximal level of serum oestriol was 9·8 times the control value while those of oestrone and oestradiol were 4·6 times and 5·0 times the control values, respectively. These results suggest that in late human pregnancy DHAS in the circulation of the mother is converted to oestriol largely via the phenolic pathway (DHAS → oestrone → oestriol), whereas DHAS circulating within the foeto-placental compartment is converted to oestriol via both the phenolic and the neutral intermediates.

A clinical comparison of phenelzine and electro-convulsive therapy in the treatment of depressive illness

1962 ◽  
Vol 108 (456) ◽  
pp. 708-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Stanley ◽  
H. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Comparison ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

The mono-amine oxidase inhibitors, of which phenelzine (“Nardil”) is one example, were introduced for the treatment of depressive illness as a result of the observation that iproniazid, which is a mono-amine oxidase inhibitor, produced euphoria and increased mental alertness in some tuberculous patients to whom it was given. Trials of iproniazid in mental illness were carried out (Loomer et al., 1957; Cesarman, 1959), but it was found to be very liable to give rise to side-effects, being particularly toxic to the liver. Other less toxic mono-amine oxidase inhibitors such as phenelzine, which is chemically related to iproniazid, were later developed.

Effect of Oxprenolol on Catecholamines and Plasma Renin Activity: Acute Response to Frusemide in Hypertensive Patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 85s-88s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muiesan ◽  
C. Alicandri ◽  
E. Agabiti Rosei ◽  
M. Motolese ◽  
C. Valori
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Before And After

1. Catecholamine plasma concentrations and urinary excretion were measured together with plasma renin activity in ten patients with essential hypertension and in five normal control subjects before and after a frusemide challenge. 2. The same procedure was repeated in the same subjects 3–4 days later after pretreatment with oxprenolol. 3. Noradrenaline plasma concentrations and urinary excretion increased significantly after frusemide in all cases, returning to normal values at 30 and 60 min. Adrenaline plasma concentrations and urinary excretion were unchanged. 4. Plasma renin activity increased significantly in seven patients with hypertension and normal renin basal values, remaining unchanged in three hypertensive patients with low-renin basal values. 5. Oxprenolol suppressed the response of noradrenaline and plasma renin activity to frusemide in all cases.

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