EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS OR INTRA-AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE ON OESTROGEN LEVELS IN URINE AND SERUM IN LATE PREGNANCY WITH LIVE ANENCEPHALIC FOETUSES

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAEYAMA ◽  
S. ICHIMARU ◽  
K. NAKAHARA ◽  
M. NAKAYAMA ◽  
I. MIYAKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urine And Serum

SUMMARY Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) was injected intravenously or intra-amniotically into eight volunteers carrying live anencephalic foetuses (including one microcephalic foetus). Urinary and unconjugated serum oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were measured before and after DHAS administration. In seven pregnant women with live anencephalic foetuses the urinary excretion of oestriol was very low, and the ratio of oestriol to oestrone+ oestradiol was much less than that during normal pregnancy. Increases of urinary oestrone and oestradiol but no significant change in the ratio of oestriol to oestrone + oestradiol were observed 24 h after i.v. administration of DHAS to five patients. In three patients, between 1 and 12 h after i.v. administration of DHAS (100–200 mg), the concentrations of serum oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol increased to 13·5, 6·8 and 3·1 times the control values, respectively. After injection of DHAS (200 mg) intra-amniotically into two patients, the urinary excretion of all three oestrogens increased much more on day 2 than on day 1, and the ratio of urinary oestriol to oestrone + oestradiol rose greatly. On the other hand, the concentrations of unconjugated serum oestrogens in these patients increased progressively between 1 and 12 h or more after DHAS administration, and the maximal level of serum oestriol was 9·8 times the control value while those of oestrone and oestradiol were 4·6 times and 5·0 times the control values, respectively. These results suggest that in late human pregnancy DHAS in the circulation of the mother is converted to oestriol largely via the phenolic pathway (DHAS → oestrone → oestriol), whereas DHAS circulating within the foeto-placental compartment is converted to oestriol via both the phenolic and the neutral intermediates.

Fibrin monomer complex in normal pregnant women: a potential thrombotic marker in pregnancy

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Onishi ◽  
Kimiko Kaniyu ◽  
Mitsutoshi Iwashita ◽  
Asashi Tanaka ◽  
Takashi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy represents a major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Most coagulation/fibrinolysis markers currently utilized change during pregnancy, and therefore they cannot accurately evaluate thrombotic events in pregnancy because the rate of false positive results is high. Fibrin monomer complex (FMC) has recently become widely available for diagnosing DVT. The present study examined whether FMC is suitable for evaluating thrombotic status in pregnancy. Methods: Concentrations of FMC and other haemostatic markers were investigated in 87 pregnant women without major complications at early, mid- or late pregnancy. FMC concentrations were also measured in 127 normal non-pregnant women, and in one woman who developed DVT after delivery. Results: In normal pregnant women, FMC concentrations were unchanged during early or mid-pregnancy and slightly elevated during late pregnancy. Concentrations were within reference range in most cases, and none exceeded the cut-off value for DVT. In contrast, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D-dimer (DD) concentrations were significantly elevated in late pregnancy, and median values exceeded reference ranges. The DVT case displayed significantly elevated FMC concentrations. Conclusions: Changes in FMC concentrations during normal pregnancy are minimal compared with other haemostatic markers. Because the rate of false positivity is lower, FMC could be a potential marker of thrombotic status in pregnancy rather than TAT and DD.

Effects of chest wall compressions in kittens

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Trippenbach ◽  
C. Gaultier ◽  
L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Before And After

Effects of chest compressions on the pattern of breathing were studied in pentobarbital anaesthetized 9- to 11-day-old kittens before and after vagotomy. The chest was compressed by means of a micrometer at three levels (T1–4, T6–8, T9–11). In intact and vagotomized kittens, the group mean values of inspiratory time (tI), expiratory (tE) time, peak amplitude of the integrated phrenic activity (PHR) and its rate of rise (PHR/tI) during compressions were not different from those of the control breaths. On the other hand, in intact kittens during chest compressions variability of all the measured variables significantly increased. In the vagotomized kittens, variability of parameters other than inspiratory time was unaffected. Nevertheless we cannot exclude contribution of extravagal receptors in control of tE. The tE effects could be masked by the increased variability of the control value in vagotomized kittens. The effects of chest compression on the integrated phrenic activity were mostly dependent on the intact vagal feedback.

Serial Studies of the Renal Clearance of Urate and Inulin during Pregnancy and after the Puerperium in Normal Women

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Semple ◽  
W. Carswell ◽  
J. A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Made In

1. A serial study of renal clearance of urate and inulin was made in thirteen normal women in early, mid and late pregnancy and 6–15 weeks after delivery. 2. The mean serum urate concentration was low in early and mid pregnancy but rose in late pregnancy towards the control value. 3. Clearances of urate and inulin were consistently elevated throughout pregnancy to about 150% of the post-partum values. The ratio of clearance of urate to clearance of inulin was the same in pregnancy as it was after the puerperium. 4. The urinary excretion of urate was increased only in late pregnancy.

URINARY EXCRETION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL LATE PREGNANCY AND IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-G. Dässler
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) in 10 healthy women during the last month of pregnancy (mean m = 0.43 mg/24 h; standard deviation sd = ±0.13) was found to be as high as that in 7 patients with chronic hypertension or with toxaemia of pregnancy (m = 0.40 mg/24 h; sd = ±0.13). The values were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in 6 women in late pregnancy with intrauterine foetal death (m = 0.20 mg/24 h; sd = ±0.10), in two cases of pregnancy with anencephalic foetuses (0.30 and 0.25 mg/24 h, resp.) and in 11 healthy non-pregnant women (m = 0.26 mg/24 h, sd = ±0.10). The method used involved separation of free non-conjugated Zimmermann chromogens from the urine by extraction with benzene, mild hydrolysis of the urine, column chromatography on silica gel and colorimetric determination as Zimmermann chromogen. It is assumed that the increased excretion of DHA in the two groups of late pregnant women with intact pregnancy as compared with non-pregnant women may be caused by the biosynthesis of DHA in the foetal adrenals. The unchanged values of DHA in the two groups of women during late pregnancy with intrauterine foetal death or with anencephalics may reflect the interrupted biosynthesis of DHA.

A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF STEROID EXCRETION IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER ELECTRO-CONVULSIVE THERAPY

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Ferguson ◽  
A. C. G. Bartram ◽  
H. C. Fowlie ◽  
D. M. Cathro ◽  
K. Birchall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

ABSTRACT Using a method dependent upon paper chromatography, the urinary excretion of the individual corticosteroids and the individual 17-oxosteroids has been studied before and after electro-convulsive therapy in five female patients suffering from a depressive illness. The corticosteroids, which are normally associated with stress, were found to show a fall in excretion from abnormally high levels before treatment to normal levels thereafter. The 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids, on the other hand, showed a low level of excretion prior to treatment which was followed by a rise to normal values in clinical remission. These findings are discussed.

Urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response to antidiuretic hormone in diabetes insipidus (DI): comparison between congenital nephrogenic DI type 1 and 2, and vasopressin sensitive DI

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiko Ohzeki
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. Urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) excretion before and after administration of aqueous vasopressin (pitressin) and 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was measured in congenital nephrogenic and in vasopressin sensitive diabetes insipidus (VS-DI). Excretion of cAMP into the urine increased markedly in response to pitressin (676%) and to DDAVP (252%) in VS-DI. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (N-DI) could be divided into two categories (type 1 and type 2) in respect to urinary cAMP responsiveness. In type 1, cAMP excretion showed no definite change after stimulation with pitressin (102%) or DDAVP (127%). On the other hand, urinary excretion of cAMP was significantly elevated in response to DDAVP in familial cases of N-DI type 2 (1269%) without producing any concentrating effect on the urine. Two different defects are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of N-DI.

DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL ADRENOCORTICAL STEROIDS IN URINE OF PREGNANT WOMEN

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (I) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Johnson ◽  
Daniel Francois ◽  
Erich Heftmann
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of individual adrenocortical steroids has been studied throughout the course of normal pregnancy and in complications of pregnancy, including toxaemia, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The pattern of U. V. absorbing and reducing compounds was qualitatively the same for all urines. Of the reducing steroids, three have been identified as allopregnanetetrolone, pregnanetrioldione and pregnanetetrolone. The quantitative changes of the individual compounds in the course of normal pregnancy and in complications of pregnancy are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of urinary 5-L-oxoproline (L-pyroglutamate) during normal pregnancy in women in England and Jamaica

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A Jackson ◽  
Chandarika Persaud ◽  
Geoff Werkmeister ◽  
Irene S. M McClelland ◽  
Asha Badaloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Significant Difference

Urinary 5-L-oxoproline was measured during normal pregnancies in Southampton, England and Kingston, Jamaica. The CV of 5-L-oxoproline excretion in urine, determined over 7 d in a non-pregnant woman and three pregnant women, was 10–36%. Compared with non-pregnant women, urinary 5-L-oxoproline increased three to four times from early pregnancy in women in Southampton, a highly significant difference, and remained elevated at similar levels during mid and late pregnancy. For women in Kingston, the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline was similar to that of Southampton women in the non-pregnant group and during early pregnancy. However, there was a progressive increase in the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline as pregnancy advanced and by late pregnancy excretion was from three to ten times greater than the average for the non-pregnant women. There was a significant difference between the women in Southampton and the women in Kingston during mid and late pregnancy, with women in Kingston excreting twice as much 5-L-oxoproline during late pregnancy. If the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline is a measure of glycine insdciency, the results would indicate that in some pregnancies the ability of the mother to provide glycine for herself and the developing fetus is marginal or inadequate and the constraint appears more marked in Jamaica than in England.

scholarly journals Frequency of Macroprolactinemia Due to Autoantibodies against Prolactin in Pregnant Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Pascoe-Lira ◽  
Genoveva Duran-Reyes ◽  
Iris Contreras-Hernández ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
Francisco Blanco-Favela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Before And After

The frequency of macroprolactinemia related to the presence of anti-PRL autoantibodies in the serum of 209 healthy women at different stages of pregnancy was studied. Measurements were taken of serum PRL concentrations before and after chromatographic separation (gel filtration and affinity with proteins A and G) and extraction of free PRL with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Sera from 8 of the 209 women (3.8%) were found to have a significantly high proportion of precipitated PRL by PEG (macroprolactinemia); in these patients, gel filtration showed that a substantial amount of big big PRL (molecular mass &gt;100 kDa) was present (19.0–78.2% vs. 3.8–4.9%, P = 0.009 in normal pregnant women with a normal proportion of precipitated PRL by PEG). The presence of macroprolactinemia was attributable to anti-PRL autoantibodies in 5 of the 8 women. Comparison of serum levels of direct and free PRL between women with macroprolactinemia related to anti-PRL autoantibodies and women without macroprolactinemia showed significant differences (direct PRL: 270.2 ± 86.9 vs. 203.4 ± 69.0 μg/L, P = 0.04; and free PRL: 107.0 ± 75.9 vs. 173.3 ± 67.6 μg/L, P = 0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference between women with macroprolactinemia not related to anti-PRL autoantibodies and women with macroprolactinemia caused by anti-PRL autoantibodies, nor was there a difference between women with macroprolactinemia not related to anti-PRL autoantibodies and women without macroprolactinemia. There was a positive correlation between titers of the anti-PRL autoantibody and serum PRL levels (r = 0.82, P = 0.09). The presence of the anti-PRL autoantibody had no relation to the patient’s age, stage of gestation, or number of previous pregnancies. We concluded that the frequency of macroprolactinemia was 3.8% among healthy, pregnant women, which was caused by a anti-PRL autoantibodies in 62.5% of the cases. The autoantibodies were found in the bloodstream, forming a PRL-IgG complex, in accordance with the following observations: 1) immunoreactive PRL on gel filtration was eluted in the fractions corresponding to the molecular mass of IgG (150 kDa); 2) a significantly high proportion of immunoreactive PRL was retained on an affinity gel for IgG (proteins A and G); and 3) a significantly high proportion of serum PRL bound to IgG was precipitated by protein A. There was a positive correlation between titers of anti-PRL autoantibodies and serum PRL levels. Serum levels of total PRL were higher, and serum levels of free PRL were lower, in pregnant women with anti-PRL autoantibodies than in pregnant women without macroprolactinemia.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Preexisting HBV Polymerase Mutations in Pregnant Women Does Not Limit the Antiviral Therapy Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Li Jin ◽  
Naijuan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Resistant Mutants

Background. HBV-resistant mutants in treatment-naïve patients may lead to antiviral treatment failure. It is not clear if HBV mutants are present in pregnant women and about the influence of the preexisting mutants on the short-term antiviral therapy during pregnancy. Method. We enrolled 73 pregnant women with high HBV DNA load and telbivudine (TBV) treatment during pregnancy in this retrospective study. The UDPS was used to detect the HBV mutations before and after the TBV treatment. Results. Before TBV treatment, the complexity of HBV quasispecies of all subjects was 0.40 ± 0.09; 41.1% (30/73) and 53.4% (39/73) subjects had rtM204I/V and rtN236 T/A detected, respectively; and 9.6% (7/73) patients had more than 20% frequency mutation of rtM204I/V, which was also similar with high frequency of rtN236 T/A mutation (41.1% vs. 53.4%, P = 0.136 ; frequencies >20%: 9.6% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.347 ). After TBV treatment, 71.2% (52/73) subjects had HBV DNA load ≥ 103 IU/mL at delivery. Among them, 75.0% of patients with rtM204I positive had HBV DNA load ≥103 IU/mL at delivery, which was comparable with the subjects without rtM204I (75.0% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.710 ). No changes were found in the frequencies and the complexity of HBV quasispecies of rtM204I mutation after the TVB treatment. Conclusion. The prevalence of preexisting drug-resistant mutations among pregnant women was high using UPDS. However, the preexisting HBV mutation had limited influence on the efficacy of short-term TBV treatment, and TBV treatment during late pregnancy seemed not to increase the risk of emerging HBV-resistant mutants.

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