DER EINFLUSS HOHER KOCHSALZ-GABEN AUF DIE ALDOSTERON- UND ELEKTROLYTAUSSCHEIDUNG BEI GESUNDEN SCHWANGEREN

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stark ◽  
J. Lehmann-Achilles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Oedema Formation ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT In order to determine what effect is produced on aldosterone excretion by the sodium retention observed in pre-eclampsia, a large dose of sodium was administered and the following were investigated: excretion of aldosterone, sodium, potassium, water, body weight, blood pressure and oedema formation. This investigation was performed on eleven women between the seventh and tenth months of pregnancy. The experimental period consisted of five (5) pre-test days, ten (10) days of actual testing and two (2) days after the test. During the test-period the patient received 18 g NaCl as a 1.8% i. v. solution daily. All the patients tolerated the infusions well. No definite changes in blood pressure, weight or oedema were noted. By intake and out-put measurements during the test period a sodium and water retention was found, while the potassium excretion remained unchanged. In all cases the values of aldosterone excretion (very high in pregnancy) were reduced as a result of salt-loading to about ⅕ of the pre-test period. In the post-experimental period the values returned to those of the pretest period. It is concluded that the lowered aldosterone excretion values in preeclampsia or eclampsia are caused by increased sodium retention, which also occurs in the sodium loading experiments.

A16050 Urinary sodium potassium excretion and blood pressure in Chinese living in nursing houses

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. e337
Author(s):  
Sufang Zhao ◽  
Hongye Zhang ◽  
Lisheng Liu ◽  
Yuehong Dong ◽  
Jinguo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium

EFFECT OF ALDOSTERONE IN A CASE OF HYPOALDOSTERONISM

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt Hökfelt ◽  
Bengt Skanse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Body Weight Increase

ABSTRACT A patient previously described by the present authors as having selective hypoaldosteronism has been studied more extensively with special reference to the effect of aldosterone. Additional evidence has also been obtained in support of the original diagnosis of selective hypoaldosteronism. With the patient on a constant sodium intake, aldosterone intramuscularly or intravenously in a dose of 500 to 1000 μg a day was followed by retention of sodium and chloride, gain in body weight, increase in systolic blood pressure, and a rise in the serum sodium. Potassium excretion was increased throughout the period of aldosterone administration. The serum potassium showed a slight decrease. Similar effects were noted on administration of fluorohydrocortisone.

Angiotensin and electrolyte excretion in renovascular hypertension

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham J. Borkowski ◽  
Stuart S. Howards ◽  
John H. Laragh
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Electrolyte Excretion ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Ureteral Catheterization

Under conditions of saline, urea, ADH infusion diuresis during anesthesia we observed that in normal rats angiotensin infusion regularly produced natriuresis and diuresis, the degree of which was more closely related to dosage than to increment in blood pressure. Potassium excretion often did not rise appreciably or actually fell during natriuresis, suggesting inhibition of tubular secretion. In animals with a clamp on the left renal artery in which hypertension did not ensue, the renal response to angiotensin was strikingly changed when studied by bilateral ureteral catheterization. Instead of diuresis the peptide produced either no effect or sodium and water retention in both kidneys. In the hypertensive rats, angiotensin consistently produced marked diuresis on the clipped side. Sodium excretion increased much more than urine flow. Simultaneously, in the opposite, unprotected kidney, angiotensin produced quite different effects—sodium and water excretion either did not change or were reduced. Renovascular reflexes and renal renin activity may be involved in determining whether angiotensin induces sodium retention or natriuresis.

078 Chronic sleep and circadian disruption differentially affects blood pressure, renal sodium retention, and aldosterone secretion

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A32-A33
Author(s):  
Andrew McHill ◽  
Ciaran McMullan ◽  
Joseph Hull ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Increase Blood Pressure ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Time Awake ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Introduction Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and recurrent circadian disruption (RCD; e.g., rotating shiftwork) can increase an individual’s risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. However, no study has assessed whether CSR and RCD together increase blood pressure (BP) and alter renal function (RF). We tested the hypotheses that the combination of CSR and RCD would increase blood pressure, renal sodium retention, and aldosterone secretion in individuals living for 3 weeks on an imposed non-24-h sleep-wake (SW) schedule (induces RCD) and controlled diet with or without CSR. Methods Seventeen (9M) healthy participants (aged 26.1±4.5y [mean±SD]) were scheduled to twenty-four 20-h Forced Desynchrony days and were randomized to either Control (1:2 sleep:wake, 6.67h sleep:13.33h wake; n=8) or CSR (1:3.3 sleep:wake, 4.67h sleep: 5.33h wake; n=9) SW conditions during a 32-day inpatient protocol. BP was measured following ~80–90 min in constant seated posture after scheduled waketime. All urine voids were collected, combined and sampled in 3-6h blocks throughout the study. Samples were assayed for sodium, potassium and aldosterone and analyzed as both excretion rates and total secretion (both per 20h). Data were assigned circadian phase using fitted core body temperature and analyzed using mixed-effects models with circadian phase, aligned/misaligned sleep, or time awake (with associated scheduled activity, sleep/wake, and feeding behaviors) and their interactions as fixed effects. Results There was a significant interaction between aligned/misaligned sleep and condition for resting BP (p=0.02), such that systolic BP was ~6% higher following circadian-misaligned sleep in CSR compared to Control (p=0.04). Renal sodium and potassium followed a robust circadian pattern (p<0.0001), with limited influence of time awake. In contrast, the timing of aldosterone excretion was affected by time awake (p<0.05). Total daily renal sodium secretion decreased from beginning to end of the protocol (p=0.03), with no change in sodium consumption and aldosterone secretion (p=0.95). Conclusion Under conditions similar to rotating shiftwork, systolic BP increased and sodium, potassium, and aldosterone were differentially influenced by circadian phase and scheduled behaviors. Additionally, renal sodium secretion decreased despite minimal changes in aldosterone secretion, suggesting increased renal aldosterone sensitivity. These findings may provide insight into mechanisms contributing to poor cardiovascular and renal health observed in shiftwork. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofu Du ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.

scholarly journals Dehulled Adlay Consumption Modulates Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Overweight and Obese Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Wan-Ju Yeh ◽  
Jung Ko ◽  
Wei-Yi Cheng ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Foods

High blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, and a diet rich in whole-grain foods may modulate blood pressure. This study investigated the effects of dehulled adlay consumption on blood pressure in vivo. We initially fed spontaneous hypertensive rats diets without (SHR group) or with 12 or 24% dehulled adlay (SHR + LA and SHR + HA groups), and discovered that it could limit blood pressure increases over a 12-week experimental period. Although we found no significant changes in plasma, heart, and kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, both adlay-consuming groups had lower endothelin-1 and creatinine concentrations than the SHR group; the SHR + HA group also had lower aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid levels than the SHR group did. We later recruited 23 participants with overweight and obesity, and they consumed 60 g of dehulled adlay daily for a six-week experimental period. At the end of the study, we observed a significant decrease in the group’s systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the change in SBP was even more evident in participants with high baseline SBP. In conclusion, our results suggested that daily intake of dehulled adlay had beneficial effects in blood-pressure management. Future studies may further clarify the possible underlying mechanisms for the consuming of dehulled adlay as a beneficial dietary approach for people at risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals The Effects of Short-Term Changes in Sodium Intake on Plasma Marinobufagenin Levels in Patients with Primary Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Insensitive Hypertension

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łabno-Kirszniok ◽  
Agata Kujawa-Szewieczek ◽  
Andrzej Wiecek ◽  
Grzegorz Piecha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Dietary Sodium Restriction

Increased marinobufagenin (MBG) synthesis has been suggested in response to high dietary salt intake. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term changes in sodium intake on plasma MBG levels in patients with primary salt-sensitive and salt-insensitive hypertension. In total, 51 patients with primary hypertension were evaluated during acute sodium restriction and sodium loading. Plasma or serum concentrations of MBG, natriuretic pro-peptides, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, as well as hematocrit (Hct) value, plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography were performed at baseline. In salt-sensitive patients with primary hypertension plasma MBG correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure (ABPM) and serum NT-proANP concentration at baseline and with serum NT-proANP concentration after dietary sodium restriction. In this subgroup plasma MBG concentration decreased during sodium restriction, and a parallel increase of PRA was observed. Acute salt loading further decreased plasma MBG concentration in salt-sensitive subjects in contrast to salt insensitive patients. No correlation was found between plasma MBG concentration and left ventricular mass index. In conclusion, in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients plasma MBG concentration correlates with 24-h diastolic blood pressure and dietary sodium restriction reduces plasma MBG levels. Decreased MBG secretion in response to acute salt loading may play an important role in the pathogenesis of salt sensitivity.

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