AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE LOCALIZATION OF ANDROGEN IN THE PROSTATE GLAND AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES OF THE MALE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell J. Tveter
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Selective Localization ◽  
Qualitative Pattern

ABSTRACT The distribution of radioactive material in the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles has been studied by autoradiography after intramuscular administration of [1,2-3H] testosterone in vivo to adult castrated male rats. Positive autoradiographs were obtained from 7½ min to 8 h after the administration. As early as after 15 min, there appeared to be a selective localization of radioactivity in the epithelial cells, with much of the labelling associated with the nuclei; the stromal labelling was markedly less. This picture was even more significant ½, 1 and 2 h after the injection, when the autoradiographs demonstrated a preferential labelling of the nuclei of the epithelial cells. A distinct labelling of the epithelial cells was also found 8 h after the injection. The same qualitative pattern of distribution of radioactivity was seen in the four prostatic lobes and the seminal vesicles. No significant labelling of the secretions in the glandular lumina was observed.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE OF ANDROGEN BY SOME ORGANS OF THE MALE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell J. Tveter
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Male Rat

ABSTRACT [1,2-3H]Testosterone with a specific activity of 42.3 Ci/mmole was injected intramuscularly to adult castrated male rats. There was a selective uptake of radioactivity by the prostate, where a high and prolonged accumulation of radioactive material was found, in contrast to the much lower uptake by muscle tissue. The influence of castration on the uptake was investigated. In the ventral prostate, the uptake was 205% higher in animals castrated 24 h previously than in non-castrated animals. The corresponding values for the lateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were 120%, 165% and 213% respectively. The uptake by the dorsal prostate was only about 23% higher one day after orchidectomy. The uptake by muscle was apparently not influenced by castration. Following homogenization of the coagulating glands and the dorsal and ventral prostate, some of the radioactivity in the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction 1 h after the administration of [1,2-3H] testosterone in vivo was associated with macromolecules. In the lateral prostate an interaction between radioactive material and soluble macromolecules was only found in vitro.

METABOLISM IN VIVO OF [3H] ANDROSTENEDIONE AND [3H] TESTOSTERONE BY ANDROGEN DEPENDENT TISSUES

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell J. Tveter ◽  
Asbjörn Aakvaag
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Rectus Abdominis Muscle ◽  
Main Metabolite

ABSTRACT The radioactive material present in the different prostatic lobes and the seminal vesicles was isolated and identified after intramuscular injection of [1,2-3H] testosterone to adult castrated male rats. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone was the main metabolite, representing 70, 72, 49, 56 and 70%, respectively, of the total activity in the ventral, dorsal and lateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles one hour after the administration of hormone. The corresponding values for unchanged [3H] testosterone were 16, 6.4, 23, 6 and 15%, respectively. In rectus abdominis muscle less than 0.3% was 5α-dihydrotestosterone, while 37% represented unconverted [3H] testosterone. Of the activity in liver, [3H]-testosterone accounted for 0.2%, whereas less than 0.1% was 5α-dihydrotestosterone. One hour after administration of [1,2-3H] androst-4-ene-3,17-dione to adult castrated rats, the uptake of radioactivity in the ventral prostate was about 2.7 times higher than in skeletal muscle. In the ventral prostate, 32% of the total activity present at this time was represented by 5α-dihydrotestosterone, while 3.5% was unmetabolized [3H] androstenedione. The corresponding values for the seminal vesicles were 24 and 3.7%, respectively. In the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction of homogenized ventral prostate tissue, part of the radioactivity was associated with soluble macromolecules one hour after the administration of [3H]-androstenedione.

[3H]thymidine uptake by the epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate gland during postnatal development of the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sujarit ◽  
RC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis

The uptake of [3H]thymidine by the epididymis, ventral prostate gland and seminal vesicles was determined in vivo for rats aged 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 45 and 55 days. The pattern of uptake varied considerably between organs and generally was different from patterns of growth measured as mass or ratio of mass of DNA:tissue. The 'initial segment' of the epididymis and caput and corpus epididymidis showed a similar pattern of [3H]thymidine uptake, being greatest in 15-day-old animals and declining thereafter. On Day 15 the cauda epididymidis had a lower uptake than more proximal regions of the epididymis, but it subsequently showed two significant peaks of increased uptake on Days 25-30 and Day 45. The uptake by the seminal vesicles was high on Day 15, fell to low levels on Day 20, increased considerably from Days 20 to 35, then gradually decreased from Day 35 to 55. The uptake by the prostate gland was a little lower than by the seminal vesicles on Days 15 and 20, then reduced to about the same level as non-reproductive tissues.

CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE PREPUBERTAL MALE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX: AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Time

SUMMARY On the basis of labelling indices measured with tritiated thymidine at intervals throughout its thickness, the adrenal cortex of prepubertal male rats has been divided into four compartments. These are called the glomerular, proliferative, fascicular and reticular compartments, respectively. Labelling indices measured for each compartment showed highest values in the glomerular and proliferative compartments, with values of 6·73% and 7·09% respectively. The fascicular compartment showed a lower index of 3·16% while the reticular compartment gave the lowest value of 1·15%. These differences are further reflected in measurements of the mitotic indices for each compartment. The phases of the cell cycle have been measured by pulse-chase analysis in each compartment, and all phases estimated showed an increase in duration as the inner compartments were approached. The duration of interphase DNA synthesis (ts) was found to be shortest in the glomerular and proliferative compartments, with values of 7·45 and 7·73 h, respectively. The fascicular compartment showed lengthening of ts to 8·56 h, and the reticular compartment gave the highest value of 9·21 h. Similarly, the values obtained for G2 (the post-DNA synthetic interval) and tm (the duration of mitosis), and a calculated value of the cell cycle time all showed a general increase in duration from the outer to the inner compartments. The relation of these results to theories of adrenocortical cytogenesis is discussed, and it is suggested that the differences in cell cycle components can best be explained by the inward migration of cortical cells from the outer compartments.

In-vivo uptake of human growth hormone in male rat liver

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bullier-Picard ◽  
M. C. Postel-Vinay ◽  
C. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Isopycnic Centrifugation ◽  
Specific Labelling ◽  
In Vivo Uptake

ABSTRACT 125I-Labelled human GH (hGH) was injected i.v. to male rats and its subcellular distribution in the hepatocyte was examined using fractionation techniques. Uptake into liver homogenates was maximal by 15 min after injection and represented 24% of the injected radioactivity; it was markedly inhibited by coinjection of native hGH. 125I-Labelled hGH taken up by the liver underwent a time-dependent translocation process. The peak of specific labelling of plasma membranes occurred at 3 min whereas later on the radioactivity was concentrated in low-density structures present in Golgi-endosome fractions. To characterize the ligand-associated structures better, endosome-enriched fractions were prepared from a microsomal fraction by isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose gradient and a Nycodenz gradient. The radioactivity was in one peak with a median density of 1·096 g/cm3 in the Nycodenz gradient fractions. The peak of radioactivity was distinct from that of galactosyltransferase activity which appeared at a median density of 1·114 g/cm3. The labelled material eluted from the various subcellular fractions appeared as intact hGH. Upon in-vivo interaction with male rat hepatocytes, 125I-labelled hGH was internalized with a sequential association with plasma membranes and endocytic structures distinct from Golgi elements. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 19–25

Subchronic Toxicity Study of Dicyclopentadiene Vapor in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bevan ◽  
William M. Snellings ◽  
Darol E. Dodd ◽  
Gerard F. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Excretion Rates

Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to 0, 1, 5 or 50 ppm dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) vapor 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks, followed by a 13-week recovery period. Animals were euthanized following completion of exposure at 2, 6, or 13 weeks and at postexposure weeks 4 or 13. No mortality, overt signs, body weight changes, hematologic or clinical chemistry values were related to DCPD exposure. In the high-exposure male rats, relative liver weights were significantly increased but with no accompanying histopathologic changes. Exposure to DCPD produced adverse kidney effects in male, but not female, rats as evidenced by the excretion of epithelial cells in the urine. Histologic changes were localized to the proximal tubules of the kidney and included increased accumulation of protein droplets, regenerative epithelium, and the presence of intraluminal proteinaceous material. In addition, several alterations in renal function were observed. Urinary Na+ excretion rates were decreased and urinary K+ excretion rates were increased throughout the exposure period; however, glucose was not present in the urine, and creatinine clearance was normal. The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine was also impaired. After the recovery period, many of the treatment-related kidney effects were not observed, including the presence of hyaline droplets in the proximal tubules and epithelial cells in the urine. These findings indicate an overall low degree of systemic toxicity following sub-chronic inhalation exposure of dicyclopentadiene at exposure levels up to 50 ppm. The only effect that was observed was a male rat-specific nephropathy that is characteristic of the hyaline droplet nephropathy produced by a diverse group of compounds.

scholarly journals Studies on the metabolic role of myo-inositol. Distribution of radioactive myo-inositol in the male rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Lewin ◽  
Y Yannai ◽  
S Sulimovici ◽  
P F Kraicer
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Coagulating Gland

Radioactive myo-inositol was injected intraperitoneally into nephrectomized rats. The radioactive material present in liver, spleen, brain, heart, diaphragm, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, prostate, epididymis, vas deferens and testis was shown to consist exclusively of myo-inositol and its derivatives, as shown by paper chromatography of hydrolysates and trichloroacetic acid extracts of these tissues. Radioactive myo-inositol was accumulated rapidly within 1 h by the thyroid, coagulating gland and seminal vesicle. Other tissues, such as the pituitary, prostate gland, liver and spleen, concentrated myo-inositol less actively. The muscle tissues studied (diaphragm and heart) concentrated little inositol, whereas brain, testis, and epididymal fat-pad did not concentrate it at all. The lipid fraction of liver contained most of the radio-labelled myo-inositol. In the other organs most of the radioactivity was found in the aqueous trichloroacetic acid extract, largely as free myo-inositol.

scholarly journals Seminal Vesicles and Bulbourethral Glands of Mammals: Morphology, Physiology, Ecology, Action of Extreme Destabilizing Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
M. F. Ryskulov
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Secretory Cycle

In mammals, the adnexal sex glands are represented by seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, urethral and bulbourethral glands, as well as glands that coagulate sperm and ampullary glands. The secret of the accessory genital glands increases the volume of the ejaculate (the share of secretions of these glands accounts for about 95% of the volume of ejaculate) promotes sperm, causes increased contraction of smooth muscle cells in the walls of the female genital tract.The purpose of this review is to analyze the morphofunctional organization of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands of mammalian animals and humans.The presence or absence of seminal vesicles is a species-specific feature. Among mammals, seminal vesicles are well developed in some rodents, insectivores, a number of domestic animals (cattle, pigs), and primates. These glands are absent in cloacae, marsupials, some carnivores, a number of insectivores, artiodactyls. Bulbourethral glands are well developed in rodents, bats, primates, and some ungulates.In the wall of the seminal vesicles, the mucous, muscular and outer membranes are isolated. The epithelium of the secretory parts is pseudomultitial, the interstitium is represented by loose fibrous connective tissue and a significant number of smooth muscle cells. In the wall of the bulbourethral glands, the mucosa and adventitial membrane are isolated. The secretory end sections of the bulbourethral glands are lined with a single-layer single-row epithelium, glandular cells produce a mucosal or mixed secret. The seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands are androgen-dependent glands. In species with a seasonal pattern of reproduction, their morphofunctional characteristics undergo significant changes during the circannual rhythm of reproduction.The epithelium of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands is very sensitive to the action of various adverse factors (heavy metal compounds, organic xenobiotics, electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, etc.). When exposed to various negative factors in the adnexal glands, a complex of changes occurs (edema of connective tissue and epithelium, decreased secretory activity of epithelial cells, desynchronization of the secretory cycle, desquamation of glandular epithelial cells, proliferation of interstitial connective tissue).There is a lack of information on many aspects of the characteristics of the adnexal glands of the male reproductive system, primarily on the morphology and physiology of the adnexal glands of animals in natural ecosystems, on the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of these glands, as well as on the mechanisms of regulation of morphofunctional rearrangements of the adnexal glands during seasonal reproduction rhythms, in the conditions of adaptation to various negative influences.

Quantification of the Uncertainties in Extrapolating From In Vitro Androgen Receptor Antagonism to In Vivo Hershberger Assay Endpoints and Adverse Reproductive Development in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Leon E Gray ◽  
Johnathan R Furr ◽  
Christy S Lambright ◽  
Nicola Evans ◽  
Phillip C Hartig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Hershberger Assay ◽  
Key Events

Abstract Multiple molecular initiating events exist that disrupt male sexual differentiation in utero including androgen receptor (AR) antagonism and inhibition of synthesis, and metabolism of fetal testosterone. Disruption of androgen signaling by AR antagonists in utero reduces anogenital distance (AGD) and induces malformations in F1 male rat offspring. We are developing a quantitative network of adverse outcome pathways that includes multiple molecular initiating events and key events linking anti-AR activities to permanent reproductive abnormalities. Here, our objective was to determine how accurately the EC50s for AR antagonism in vitro or ED50s for reduced tissue growth in the Hershberger assay (HA) (key events in the adverse outcome pathway) predict the ED50s for reduced AGD in male rats exposed in utero to AR antagonists. This effort included in-house data and published studies from the last 60 years on AR antagonism in vitro and in vivo effects in the HA and on AGD after in utero exposure. In total, more than 250 studies were selected and included in the analysis with data from about 60 potentially antiandrogenic chemicals. The ability to predict ED50s for key events and adverse developmental effects from the in vitro EC50s displays considerable uncertainty with R2 values for HA and AGD of < 6%. In contrast, there is considerably less uncertainty in extrapolating from the ED50s in the HA to the ED50s for AGD (R2 value of about 85%). In summary, the current results suggest that the key events measured in the HA can be extrapolated with reasonable certainty to predict the ED50s for the adverse in utero effects of antiandrogenic chemicals on male rat offspring.

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