Naloxone affects the release of cortisol, but not of vasopressin or oxytocin, in dehydrated sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Thornton ◽  
R. F. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Naloxone Hydrochloride ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Saline Vehicle ◽  
Naloxone Treatment

Abstract. Ovariectomized ewes (N = 7) were dehydrated for 24 h and then given iv injections of saline vehicle or 8 or 64 mg naloxone hydrochloride in saline. Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture before and after dehydration and at intervals during the 90 min period directly following naloxone treatment. Plasma concentrations of AVP, OT and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma AVP levels and osmolality increased with dehydration, OT concentrations showed no consistent change, and cortisol levels were unaffected. After administration of naloxone, AVP and OT concentrations did not alter. The sampling procedure increased plasma cortisol levels and the duration of this response was prolonged by the 64 mg dose of naloxone.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Relationship between Deck Level and Journey Duration on Plasma Cortisol, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Levels in Italian Heavy Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Bozzo ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Elisabetta Bonerba ◽  
Roberta Barrasso ◽  
Vincenzo Tufarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between journey duration, deck level and activation patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and sympathetic adrenal medullary system (SAM) in pigs. A total of 90 pigs were examined. The animals came from three different Italian farms associated with the same slaughterhouse located in Bari (Apulia region-Italy). A group of thirty animals was transported from Pordenone (11 h journey); a second group was transported from Terni (6.5 h journey); a third group was transported from Benevento (3 h journey). The animals were transported in the same vehicle, which complied with the structural characteristics indicated in the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. The truck was composed of a lorry and a trailer, each one divided into three decks. Only the animals transported in the trailer were tested for the study. Before transportation, blood samples were collected on each farm, at 6:00 a.m., from 30 pigs randomly selected out of 135 pigs ready to be transported. Blood samples were also collected during slaughter to evaluate plasma cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, around 6:00 a.m. A journey duration of 11 h was associated with significantly higher plasma concentrations of stress hormones compared with shorter journeys. This increase was proportional to the journey duration, with the pigs travelling for 6.5 h displaying intermediate concentrations between those noticed after 3 h and 11 h journeys. The interaction between deck and journey distance was not significant on epinephrine, norepinephrine or cortisol levels collected at arrival. There was a significant effect of deck level on norepinephrine levels (p < 0.0001), a tendency to influence epinephrine levels (p = 0.073) but no effect on cortisol levels (p = 0.945). Overall, we observed that an 11 h-long journey seemed to impact negatively on pigs’ HPA-SAM activity, likely requiring the animals to spend more time in the lairage facilities to recover.

Plasma β-endorphin and cortisol concentrations in lambs after handling, transport and slaughter

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fordham ◽  
G. A. Lincoln ◽  
E. Ssewannyana ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe effects of the routine stressful stimuli of handling, transport and slaughter on the plasma concentrations of cortisol and β-endorphin have been studied in lambs. Blood samples were obtained from group 1 lambs after rounding up, after transport and at slaughter. Group 2 lambs were treated similarly except that blood was collected only at slaughter. Group 3 lambs served as controls and were blood sampled twice daily for 5 days to accustom them to handling before being slaughtered. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were increased above control levels by rounding up and transport, and were further increased at slaughter. Group 3 lambs, however, had very much lower β-endorphin levels at slaughter than the other two groups, although their cortisol levels were similar, β-endorphin concentrations declined during the 5-day blood sampling period in group 3 animals but cortisol levels were unchanged. The results suggest that although levels of both hormones are increased by stress, they are not necessarily released concomitantly.

scholarly journals Improving glucocorticoid replacement therapy using a novel modified-release hydrocortisone tablet: a pharmacokinetic study

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudmundur Johannsson ◽  
Ragnhildur Bergthorsdottir ◽  
Anna G Nilsson ◽  
Hans Lennernas ◽  
Thomas Hedner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Physiological Serum ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dual Release

BackgroundEndogenous plasma cortisol levels have a well-defined circadian rhythm. The aim of this project is to develop a once daily oral dual-release formulation for cortisol replacement therapy that mimics the diurnal variation in the plasma cortisol profile.ObjectiveTo determine single-dose plasma pharmacokinetics and dose-proportionality of oral 5 and 20 mg dual-release hydrocortisone tablets in healthy volunteers. In addition, the effect of food intake was investigated for the 20 mg dose.DesignA randomised, controlled, two-way cross-over, double-blind, phase I study of oral hydrocortisone (modified (dual) release; 5 and 20 mg) with an open food-interaction arm.MethodsThe single dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed with betamethasone suppression. The two first study days were blinded and randomised between morning administration of 5 and 20 mg tablet in a fasting state. The third day was open with a 20 mg tablet taken 30 min after a high-calorie, high-fat meal. The plasma samples were assayed using both a validated LC–MS/MS and an immunoassay. The plasma pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using non-compartmental data analysis.ResultsThe time to reach a clinically significant plasma concentration of cortisol (>200 nmol/l) was within 20 min and a mean peak of 431 (s.d. 126) nmol/l was obtained within 50 min after administration of the 20 mg tablet. Plasma cortisol levels remained above 200 nmol/l for around 6 h thereafter and all plasma concentrations 18–24 h after intake were below 50 nmol/l. In the fed state the time to reach 200 nmol/l was delayed by 28 and 9 min based on LC–MS/MS and immunoassay, respectively. The 5 and 20 mg tablets produced an increase in plasma exposure of cortisol that was not fully dose proportional.ConclusionThe dual release hydrocortisone tablet with once-daily administration produced a diurnal plasma cortisol profile mimicking the physiological serum cortisol profile.

Platelet serotonin binding and plasma cortisol in panic disorder before and after alprazolam plus behavioral guidance treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A Tobeña ◽  
X Sanchez ◽  
J Masana ◽  
MJ Martinez de Osaba
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Platelet Serotonin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxious State ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryIn 32 patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, Bmax measures of 5-HT binding in platelets did not differ from normal controls at baseline. Plasmatic cortisol levels were significantly higher than controls in the morning and in the evening measures as well as in post-dexamethasone assays. Following an 8-week treatment period with alprazolam plus behavioral guidance encouraging exposure, Bmax values did not alter but cortisol measures diminished significantly. Measures of phobic avoidance were negatively correlated with 5-HT Bmax values. Plasmatic cortisol correlated positively with the number of situational panic attacks in the month before treatment. There were no correlations between cortisol and 5-HT Bmax measures. A possible link between serotonin function and phobic avoidance is discussed. Cortisol changes were interpreted as being related to the global severity of the anxious state.

scholarly journals Plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and growth hormone in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism before and after hypophysectomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Hanson ◽  
H S Kooistra ◽  
J A Mol ◽  
E Teske ◽  
B P Meij
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The 6-h plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and GH were studied in 17 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) before and after hypophysectomy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the hormone profile characteristics and recurrence of PDH after surgery. The hormones were secreted in a pulsatile fashion. The basal plasma cortisol concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for cortisol were significantly higher in the PDH cases than in eight controls. The characteristics of the plasma profiles of ACTH and α-MSH were not significantly different between the PDH cases and the controls. In the PDH cases, less GH was secreted in pulses than in the controls, but the difference was not significant. The basal plasma cortisol concentration, the AUC for ACTH and cortisol, and the pulse frequency of ACTH and cortisol decreased significantly after hypophysectomy for the group of PDH cases. The basal plasma concentrations of ACTH and α-MSH, the AUC for α-MSH, and the characteristics of the plasma GH profiles of the PDH cases remained unchanged after hypophysectomy. No pulses of α-MSH were observed after hypophysectomy. The co-occurrence between the ACTH and cortisol pulses decreased significantly with hypophysectomy. The postoperative pulse frequency of ACTH was the only characteristic with predictive value for the recurrence of PDH after hypophysectomy. The results of this study demonstrate that ACTH, cortisol, α-MSH, and GH are secreted in a pulsatile fashion in dogs with PDH. Hypophysectomy effectively reduces the secretion of ACTH and cortisol. The presence of ACTH pulses after hypophysectomy is a risk factor for the recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism.

Effects of neuroleptic treatment on cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyl glycol levels in blood

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Wik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Neuroleptic Drug ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Plasma cortisol and serum 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyl glycol (MHPG) were determined before and after 5–6 weeks of neuroleptic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Following drug treatment both plasma cortisol and serum MHPG levels in patients decreased and plasma cortisol levels were also lower than in unmedicated healthy controls. Indications of a relationship between the reduction of cortisol and MHPG levels were found. The data show that neuroleptic drug treatment inhibits cortisol secretion. It is speculated that this inhibition could be related to reduced noradrenergic activity. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 425–429

scholarly journals Elevation of plasma somatolactin concentrations during acidosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kakizawa ◽  
T Kaneko ◽  
T Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Somatolactin (SL) is a putative pituitary hormone of the growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL) family in fish; its physiological function has yet to be determined. Acidosis was induced in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by exposure to acidic water (pH 4.5) or by exhaustive exercise, and plasma concentrations of SL, PRL and GH as well as other plasma parameters were examined. A decrease in blood pH was observed in fish from 1 day after water acidification until the end of the experiment at day 7. Plasma SL levels in the acid-exposed fish increased, reached a peak on day 1 and then returned to the initial level by day 4. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of PRL throughout the experiment. Plasma levels of GH, in contrast, decreased in the acid-exposed fish on days 2 and 4. Plasma cortisol levels in the acid-exposed fish were higher than the control level on days 4 and 7, although plasma cortisol levels did not increase above the initial level in response to water acidification. There was no significant change in the expression of SL-, PRL- and GH-mRNA in the pituitary gland. Levels of plasma Na+ and lactate were reduced 12 h after water acidification and remained low throughout the experiment. Exhaustive exercise in shallow water at neutral pH (7.5) resulted in a transient but pronounced acidosis, associated with increases in plasma SL, cortisol, Ca2+, phosphate and lactate levels. Plasma SL levels returned to the initial level along with the recovery of blood acid-base status. In contrast, plasma cortisol levels stayed elevated even 24 h after exercise. There was no correlation between plasma PRL and GH levels and blood pH. Elevation of plasma SL levels during acidosis suggests the possible involvement of SL in acid-base regulation in rainbow trout.

Adrenocortical Responsiveness during Courses of Electro-convulsive Therapy

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elithorn ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Hodges ◽  
M. T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

In a previous paper (Hodges, Jones, Elithorn and Bridges, 1964) we reported on adrenocortical activity in depressed and schizophrenic patients as revealed by plasma cortisol levels before and after electro-convulsive therapy (E.C.T.). Close similarity was found between the two groups except for three depressed patients who appeared to show considerably higher cortisol levels after the treatment than did the remaining subjects. The patients were examined at random different treatments during the whole treatment course and it appeared possible, both that the observed cortisol response to E.C.T. might depend partly on which treatment of the series in a whole course was under examination, and also that the response of the illness to therapy might be a significant factor. It was therefore decided to observe in a number of subjects the response to successive treatments throughout courses of E.C.T.

scholarly journals Change in plasma concentration of clozapine and norclozapine following a switch of oral formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204512531989926
Author(s):  
Farinaz Keshavarzi ◽  
Tony Fox ◽  
Eromona Whiskey ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Clozapine Concentration ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oral Liquid

Background: Clozapine formulation has been shown to affect plasma concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine. Changes in formulation might result in toxicity or treatment failure. Methods: We identified, from electronic records, patients who switched from clozapine tablets to oral liquid or vice versa and compared plasma concentrations before and after the switch. Results: We identified 13 patients with 85 blood samples who changed formulation of clozapine. Overall mean standardized clozapine plasma level was 0.67 mg/l daily dose on liquid and 0.87 mg/l daily dose on tablets ( p = 0.035). Conclusion: Use of clozapine liquid results in lower plasma clozapine concentration than the same dose of tablets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document