scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Relationship between Deck Level and Journey Duration on Plasma Cortisol, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Levels in Italian Heavy Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Bozzo ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Elisabetta Bonerba ◽  
Roberta Barrasso ◽  
Vincenzo Tufarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between journey duration, deck level and activation patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and sympathetic adrenal medullary system (SAM) in pigs. A total of 90 pigs were examined. The animals came from three different Italian farms associated with the same slaughterhouse located in Bari (Apulia region-Italy). A group of thirty animals was transported from Pordenone (11 h journey); a second group was transported from Terni (6.5 h journey); a third group was transported from Benevento (3 h journey). The animals were transported in the same vehicle, which complied with the structural characteristics indicated in the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. The truck was composed of a lorry and a trailer, each one divided into three decks. Only the animals transported in the trailer were tested for the study. Before transportation, blood samples were collected on each farm, at 6:00 a.m., from 30 pigs randomly selected out of 135 pigs ready to be transported. Blood samples were also collected during slaughter to evaluate plasma cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, around 6:00 a.m. A journey duration of 11 h was associated with significantly higher plasma concentrations of stress hormones compared with shorter journeys. This increase was proportional to the journey duration, with the pigs travelling for 6.5 h displaying intermediate concentrations between those noticed after 3 h and 11 h journeys. The interaction between deck and journey distance was not significant on epinephrine, norepinephrine or cortisol levels collected at arrival. There was a significant effect of deck level on norepinephrine levels (p < 0.0001), a tendency to influence epinephrine levels (p = 0.073) but no effect on cortisol levels (p = 0.945). Overall, we observed that an 11 h-long journey seemed to impact negatively on pigs’ HPA-SAM activity, likely requiring the animals to spend more time in the lairage facilities to recover.

scholarly journals Relationship between Coping Mechanisms to Psychosocial Stress with Blood Pressure in Young Adults: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Sithu Aung ◽  
Ramli Musa ◽  
Jamalludin Rahman A ◽  
Azarisman Shah M ◽  
Aszrin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Prehypertension is a precursor of hypertension, with high prevalence in young adults. Psychosocial stress can be one of the modifiable risk factors for hypertension. The objective of the study is to assess the relationship between coping mechanism to psychosocial stress and the blood pressure of young adults.Methods: A comparative crosssectional pilot study was conducted in 36 young adults aged less than 45 years. The pulse rate, blood pressure and body mass index of the respondents were recorded. Psychosocial stress was measured by plasma cortisol following an acute mental stress test; and the level of stress and the coping strategies to stress were assessed using validated Malay Version questionnaires: DASS- 21 and Brief R-COPE questionnaires.Results: Forty four percent of subjects had normotension and fifty six percent had above-normal blood pressure (prehypertension and mild hypertension). Subjects with above-normal blood pressure were associated with high plasma cortisol levels (p = 0.032), and high body mass indexes (BMI) (p = 0.004). Maladaptive coping strategy was found to be associated with high stress scores (p = 0.019). The relationship between stress and cortisol was not significant, though a higher cortisol level was noted in the high blood pressure group.Conclusion: In conclusion, higher cortisol levels and greater BMIs were associated with above-normal blood pressure in young adults. These findings are useful for future research in this area, and the continuation of this study will hopefully yield a more significant relationship.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.439-445

Naloxone affects the release of cortisol, but not of vasopressin or oxytocin, in dehydrated sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Thornton ◽  
R. F. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Naloxone Hydrochloride ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Saline Vehicle ◽  
Naloxone Treatment

Abstract. Ovariectomized ewes (N = 7) were dehydrated for 24 h and then given iv injections of saline vehicle or 8 or 64 mg naloxone hydrochloride in saline. Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture before and after dehydration and at intervals during the 90 min period directly following naloxone treatment. Plasma concentrations of AVP, OT and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma AVP levels and osmolality increased with dehydration, OT concentrations showed no consistent change, and cortisol levels were unaffected. After administration of naloxone, AVP and OT concentrations did not alter. The sampling procedure increased plasma cortisol levels and the duration of this response was prolonged by the 64 mg dose of naloxone.

Plasma β-endorphin and cortisol concentrations in lambs after handling, transport and slaughter

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fordham ◽  
G. A. Lincoln ◽  
E. Ssewannyana ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe effects of the routine stressful stimuli of handling, transport and slaughter on the plasma concentrations of cortisol and β-endorphin have been studied in lambs. Blood samples were obtained from group 1 lambs after rounding up, after transport and at slaughter. Group 2 lambs were treated similarly except that blood was collected only at slaughter. Group 3 lambs served as controls and were blood sampled twice daily for 5 days to accustom them to handling before being slaughtered. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were increased above control levels by rounding up and transport, and were further increased at slaughter. Group 3 lambs, however, had very much lower β-endorphin levels at slaughter than the other two groups, although their cortisol levels were similar, β-endorphin concentrations declined during the 5-day blood sampling period in group 3 animals but cortisol levels were unchanged. The results suggest that although levels of both hormones are increased by stress, they are not necessarily released concomitantly.

scholarly journals Improving glucocorticoid replacement therapy using a novel modified-release hydrocortisone tablet: a pharmacokinetic study

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudmundur Johannsson ◽  
Ragnhildur Bergthorsdottir ◽  
Anna G Nilsson ◽  
Hans Lennernas ◽  
Thomas Hedner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Physiological Serum ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dual Release

BackgroundEndogenous plasma cortisol levels have a well-defined circadian rhythm. The aim of this project is to develop a once daily oral dual-release formulation for cortisol replacement therapy that mimics the diurnal variation in the plasma cortisol profile.ObjectiveTo determine single-dose plasma pharmacokinetics and dose-proportionality of oral 5 and 20 mg dual-release hydrocortisone tablets in healthy volunteers. In addition, the effect of food intake was investigated for the 20 mg dose.DesignA randomised, controlled, two-way cross-over, double-blind, phase I study of oral hydrocortisone (modified (dual) release; 5 and 20 mg) with an open food-interaction arm.MethodsThe single dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed with betamethasone suppression. The two first study days were blinded and randomised between morning administration of 5 and 20 mg tablet in a fasting state. The third day was open with a 20 mg tablet taken 30 min after a high-calorie, high-fat meal. The plasma samples were assayed using both a validated LC–MS/MS and an immunoassay. The plasma pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using non-compartmental data analysis.ResultsThe time to reach a clinically significant plasma concentration of cortisol (>200 nmol/l) was within 20 min and a mean peak of 431 (s.d. 126) nmol/l was obtained within 50 min after administration of the 20 mg tablet. Plasma cortisol levels remained above 200 nmol/l for around 6 h thereafter and all plasma concentrations 18–24 h after intake were below 50 nmol/l. In the fed state the time to reach 200 nmol/l was delayed by 28 and 9 min based on LC–MS/MS and immunoassay, respectively. The 5 and 20 mg tablets produced an increase in plasma exposure of cortisol that was not fully dose proportional.ConclusionThe dual release hydrocortisone tablet with once-daily administration produced a diurnal plasma cortisol profile mimicking the physiological serum cortisol profile.

Non-Linear Pharmacokinetics of Atomoxetine in Adult Japanese Patients With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Atsunori Sugimoto ◽  
Yutaro Suzuki ◽  
Naoki Orime ◽  
Taketsugu Hayashi ◽  
Jun Egawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Linear Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Atomoxetine Treatment

Objective: The objective was to reveal the relationship between dose and concentration of atomoxetine. Method: Fifty-five blood samples of 33 patients with ADHD were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The plasma concentrations were 53.2 ± 67.0, 298.0 ± 390.5, and 639.3 ± 831.9 ng/mL at doses of 40 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg, and the concentration/dose were 1.33 ± 1.67, 3.73 ± 4.88, and 5.33 ± 6.93 ng/mL/mg, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation between the concentration and the dose of atomoxetine ( p = .004), and a trending toward significance in the difference in the concentration/dose in the three dosage groups ( p = .064). The concentration/dose at 40 and 80 + 120 mg/day were 1.33 ± 1.67 and 4.22 ± 5.53 ng/mL/mg, the latter was significantly higher than the former ( p = .006), which suggested non-linear pharmacokinetics. Conclusion: Clinicians should carefully titrate in high dose atomoxetine treatment.

scholarly journals Expression Profile of LncRNAs in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Zohreh Mousavi ◽  
Saeid Ghorbian ◽  
Azim Rezamand ◽  
Leyla Roshangar ◽  
Behboud Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) explains 26% of pediatricmalignancies and is one of the leading causes of disease-related deaths in children. A novelmolecular class of non-coding genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) having over 200nucleotides, have been defined as regulators of different cellular processes including pluripotency,oncogenesis, and transcription. It has been demonstrated that lncRNA transcription profilescan distinguish pre B-cell subtype of ALL accurately and act as early diagnostic and prognosticbiomarkers. Hence, the aim of this pilot study was the prior evaluation of expression profileof several lncRNA candidates including RP11-68I18.10, RP11-624C23.1, RP11-446E9, RP11-137H2.4, and RP11-203E8 in patients with ALL. Methods: In this study, 80 blood samples were obtained from patients, definitely diagnosed bypathologists with ALL, and from healthy subjects. Total RNA was extracted from blood samples,and cDNA was synthesized. Real-time PCR was applied to determine the expression of lncRNAs.A P-value of 0.010 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our findings revealed that the expression levels of lncRNAs RP11-624C23.1, RP11-446E9, RP11-137H2.4, RP11-68I18.10, and RP11-203E8 were significantly decreased in ALLsamples compared to those of healthy samples (P<0.0001, P =0.0616, P =0.0292, P<0.0001, andP = 0.0007). Moreover, the relationship between these five lncRNA expression changes and theimmunophenotype in ALL patients was not significant. Conclusion: The dysregulation of lncRNAs in ALL samples could provide a novel and interestingpossibility for early diagnosis and prognosis, as well as mastering the treatment of ALL.

scholarly journals Elevation of plasma somatolactin concentrations during acidosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kakizawa ◽  
T Kaneko ◽  
T Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Somatolactin (SL) is a putative pituitary hormone of the growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL) family in fish; its physiological function has yet to be determined. Acidosis was induced in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by exposure to acidic water (pH 4.5) or by exhaustive exercise, and plasma concentrations of SL, PRL and GH as well as other plasma parameters were examined. A decrease in blood pH was observed in fish from 1 day after water acidification until the end of the experiment at day 7. Plasma SL levels in the acid-exposed fish increased, reached a peak on day 1 and then returned to the initial level by day 4. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of PRL throughout the experiment. Plasma levels of GH, in contrast, decreased in the acid-exposed fish on days 2 and 4. Plasma cortisol levels in the acid-exposed fish were higher than the control level on days 4 and 7, although plasma cortisol levels did not increase above the initial level in response to water acidification. There was no significant change in the expression of SL-, PRL- and GH-mRNA in the pituitary gland. Levels of plasma Na+ and lactate were reduced 12 h after water acidification and remained low throughout the experiment. Exhaustive exercise in shallow water at neutral pH (7.5) resulted in a transient but pronounced acidosis, associated with increases in plasma SL, cortisol, Ca2+, phosphate and lactate levels. Plasma SL levels returned to the initial level along with the recovery of blood acid-base status. In contrast, plasma cortisol levels stayed elevated even 24 h after exercise. There was no correlation between plasma PRL and GH levels and blood pH. Elevation of plasma SL levels during acidosis suggests the possible involvement of SL in acid-base regulation in rainbow trout.

Effect of Endurance Training on Perceived Exertion and Stress Hormones in Women

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Skrinar ◽  
Sue P. Ingram ◽  
Kent B. Pandolf
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Fifteen women (20- to 23-yr.-old), engaged in an intensive 6- to 8-wk. endurance running program, progressively increased distance from 20 miles during the first week to 50 miles during the fifth week and thereafter. Before (T1), during (T2), and after training (T3), submaximal treadmill runs of 1-hr. duration subdivided into three successive 20-min. segments were completed at approximately 60, 70, and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were differentiated to obtain local (L), central (C), and over-all (O) responses during these 20-min. segments. Subjects rated the effort during the final 30 sec. of each 5-min. interval. Upon completion of each exercise segment, blood samples were drawn for analysis of lactate (Hla), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) to determine the relationship between the differentiated RPEs and these stress markers. Endurance training significantly lowered central and over-all ratings of perceived exertion between T1 and T3 runs but no change occurred in the L-RPE responses to muscular and joint strain. Significant correlations between the stress markers and RPE pooled across sessions were observed during the three treadmill sessions (Hla vs L-RPE, η, = 0.68; E vs C-RPE, η = 0.54; and NE vs C-RPE, η, = 0.63). These findings indicate that central and over-all ratings of perceived exertion may be more readily influenced by intensive endurance training than local ratings. In addition, while lactate levels may be related to local ratings of perceived exertion, catecholamine levels appear to be associated with central ratings.

scholarly journals The effect of social stress on adrenal axis activity in horses: the importance of monitoring corticosteroid-binding globulin capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Alexander ◽  
CH Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Total Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Plasma cortisol is largely bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which regulates its bioavailability by restricting exit from capillaries. Levels of CBG may be altered by several factors including stress and this can influence the amount of cortisol reaching cells. This study investigated the effect of social instability on plasma concentrations of CBG, total and free (not protein bound) cortisol in horses. Horses new to our research herd ('newcomers') were confined in a small yard with four dominant resident horses for 3-4 h daily for 3-4 (n = 5) or 9-14 (n = 3) days. Jugular blood was collected in the mornings from newcomers before the period of stress began ('pre-stress'), and then before each day's stress. Residents were bled before stress on the first and thirteenth day. Residents always behaved aggressively towards newcomers. By the end of the stress period, all newcomers were subordinate to residents. In newcomers (n = 8) after 3-4 days of social stress, CBG binding capacity had fallen (P = 0.0025), while free cortisol concentrations had risen (P = 0.0016) from pre-stress values. In contrast, total cortisol did not change. In residents, CBG had decreased slightly but significantly (P = 0.0162) after 12 days of stress. Residents and newcomers did not differ in pre-stress CBG binding capacity, total or free cortisol concentrations. However, by the second week of stress, CBG binding capacity was lower (P = 0.015) and free cortisol higher (P = 0.030) in newcomers (n = 3) than in residents. Total cortisol did not differ between the groups. In conclusion social stress clearly affected the adrenal axis of subordinate newcomer horses, lowering the binding capacity of CBG and raising free cortisol concentrations. However, no effect of stress could be detected when only total cortisol was measured. Therefore, to assess adrenal axis status accurately in horses, it is essential to monitor the binding capacity of CBG and free cortisol concentrations in addition to total cortisol levels.

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