STUDIES ON OESTROGENS IN CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (I) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stian Erichsen ◽  
Weiert Velle
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Confluent Cell

ABSTRACT The metabolism of some oestrogenic hormones was studied in vitro by the use of cells grown on a medium free from blood. The methods used for the culture of cells from bovine testis, endometrium, amnion, and liver in confluent cell sheets on glass are described. The interconversion of oestrone and oestradiol-17β was demonstrated in the presence of cells from amnion, endometrium, and also from testicles of young calves and bulls. Only trace amounts of oestrone were found following incubations with oestradiol-17α in these tissues. Bovine liver cells grown in vitro showed a very poor capacity to bring about the interconversion mentioned above.

scholarly journals Improvement of therapeutic capacity of insulin-producing cells trans-differentiated from human liver cells using engineered cell sheet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Na Lee ◽  
Hye-Jin Yi ◽  
Eun Hye Seo ◽  
Jooyun Oh ◽  
Song Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Differentiation Efficiency

Abstract Background: Although pancreatic islet transplantation therapy is ideal for diabetes patients, several hurdles have prevented it from becoming a standard treatment, including donor shortage and low engraftment efficacy. In this study, we prepared insulin-producing cells trans-differentiated from adult human liver cells as a new islet source. Also, cell sheets formation could improve differentiation efficiency and graft survival.Methods: Liver cells were expanded in vitro and trans-differentiated to IPCs using adenovirus vectors carrying human genes for PDX1, NEUROD1 and MAFA. IPCs were seeded on temperature-responsive culture dishes to form cell sheets. Differentiation efficiency were confirmed by ß cell-specific gene expression, insulin production, and immunohistochemistry. IPCs suspension was injected by portal vein (PV), and IPCs sheet was transplanted on the liver surface of the diabetic nude mouse. The therapeutic effect of IPC sheet was evaluated by comparing blood glucose control, weight gain, histological evaluation and hepatotoxicity with IPCs injection group. Also, cell biodistribution was assessed by in vivo/ex vivo fluorescence image tagging.Results: Insulin gene expression and protein production were significantly increased on IPC sheets compared with those in IPCs cultured on conventional culture dishes. Transplanted IPC sheets displayed significantly higher engraftment efficiency and fewer transplanted cells in other organs than injected IPCs, and also lower liver toxicity, improved blood glucose levels, and weight gain. One and two weeks following IPC sheet transplantation, immunohistochemical analyses of liver tissue revealed positive staining for PDX1 and insulin.Conclusions: In conclusion, cell sheet formation enhanced the differentiation function and maturation of IPCs in vitro. Additionally, parameters for clinical application such as distribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity were favorable. The cell sheet technique may be used with IPCs derived from various cell sources in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Improvement of the therapeutic capacity of insulin-producing cells trans-differentiated from human liver cells using engineered cell sheet 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Na Lee ◽  
Hye-Jin Yi ◽  
Eun Hye Seo ◽  
Jooyun Oh ◽  
Song Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells

Abstract Background: Although pancreatic islet transplantation therapy is ideal for diabetes patients, several hurdles have prevented it from becoming a standard treatment, including donor shortage and low engraftment efficacy. In this study, we prepared insulin-producing cells trans-differentiated from adult human liver cells as a new islet source.Also, cell sheets formation couldimprove differentiation efficiencyand graft survival. Methods: Liver cells were expanded in vitro and trans-differentiated to IPCs using adenovirus vectors carrying human genes for PDX1, NEUROD1 and MAFA. IPCs were seeded on temperature-responsive culture dishes to form cell sheets. Differentiation efficiency were confirmed by ß cell-specific gene expression, insulin production, and immunohistochemistry. IPCs suspension was injected by portal vein (PV), and IPCs sheet was transplanted on the liver surface of the diabetic nude mouse.The therapeutic effect of IPC sheet was evaluated by comparing blood glucose control, weight gain, histological evaluation and hepatotoxicity with IPCs injection group. Also, cell biodistribution was assessed by in vivo/ex vivo fluorescence image tagging.Results: Insulin gene expression and protein production were significantly increased on IPC sheets compared with those in IPCs cultured on conventional culture dishes. Transplanted IPC sheets displayed significantly higher engraftment efficiency and fewer transplanted cells in other organs than injected IPCs, and also lower liver toxicity, improved blood glucose levels, and weight gain. Immunohistochemical analyses of liver tissue revealed positive staining for PDX1 and insulin at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after IPCs transplantation.Conclusions: In conclusion, cell sheet formation enhanced the differentiation function and maturation of IPCsin vitro. Additionally, parameters for clinical application such as distribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity were favorable. The cell sheet technique may be used with IPCs derived from various cell sources in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold preparations of in vitro cultured bovine liver cells have two proteins in common

FEBS Letters ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke C.M. Pieck ◽  
Antonia A.M. Rijken ◽  
Friedrich Wanka
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Chromosome Scaffold

scholarly journals Improvement of therapeutic capacity of insulin-producing cells trans-differentiated from human liver cells using engineered cell sheet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Na Lee ◽  
Hye-Jin Yi ◽  
Eun Hye Seo ◽  
Jooyun Oh ◽  
Song Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Differentiation Efficiency

Abstract Background: Although pancreatic islet transplantation therapy is ideal for diabetes patients, several hurdles have prevented it from becoming a standard treatment, including donor shortage and low engraftment efficacy. In this study, we prepared insulin-producing cells trans-differentiated from adult human liver cells as a new islet source. Also, cell sheets formation could improve differentiation efficiency and graft survival.Methods: Liver cells were expanded in vitro and trans-differentiated to IPCs using adenovirus vectors carrying human genes for PDX1, NEUROD1 and MAFA. IPCs were seeded on temperature-responsive culture dishes to form cell sheets. Differentiation efficiency were confirmed by ß cell-specific gene expression, insulin production, and immunohistochemistry. IPCs suspension was injected by portal vein (PV), and IPCs sheet was transplanted on the liver surface of the diabetic nude mouse. The therapeutic effect of IPC sheet was evaluated by comparing blood glucose control, weight gain, histological evaluation and hepatotoxicity with IPCs injection group. Also, cell biodistribution was assessed by in vivo/ex vivo fluorescence image tagging.Results: Insulin gene expression and protein production were significantly increased on IPC sheets compared with those in IPCs cultured on conventional culture dishes. Transplanted IPC sheets displayed significantly higher engraftment efficiency and fewer transplanted cells in other organs than injected IPCs, and also lower liver toxicity, improved blood glucose levels, and weight gain. Immunohistochemical analyses of liver tissue revealed positive staining for PDX1 and insulin at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after IPCs transplantation.Conclusions: In conclusion, cell sheet formation enhanced the differentiation function and maturation of IPCs in vitro. Additionally, parameters for clinical application such as distribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity were favorable. The cell sheet technique may be used with IPCs derived from various cell sources in clinical applications.

scholarly journals The in vitro toxicity of nitrile and epithionitrile derivatives of glucosinolates from rutabaga in human and bovine liver cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Latimer ◽  
Mark Collett ◽  
Zoe Matthews ◽  
Brian Tapper ◽  
Belinda Cridge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Toxic Event ◽  
Derivatives Of

Previous evidence suggests that select nitrile and epithionitrile derivatives of glucosinolates can cause liver disease in cows grazing on brassica forage crops. A toxic incidence in New Zealand in cattle grazing brassica led us to investigate the direct in vitro hepatotoxicity and possible inhibition of the ABCG2 transporter of five nitrile compounds. In this study, we investigated 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB, epithionitrile derivative of progoitrin), 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane (CHEB, nitrile derivative of progoitrin), 3-butenenitrile (nitrile from sinigrin), 4-pentenenitrile (nitrile from gluconapin), and 5-hexenenitrile (nitrile from glucobrassicanapin). Cell viability was assessed following 24- and 72-hr treatments with the 5 different compounds using the MTT assay (HepG2 cells and bovine primary liver cells). Additionally, ABCG2 transporter function was assessed. The results showed that none of the tested compounds caused cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 2 mM for 24hr. Over 72-hr the maximum concentration was 20 μM but no reduction in cell viability was observed. No inhibition of the ABCG2 transporter occured at concentrations up to 1 mM. Overall this study suggests that direct or secondary toxicity due to selected nitrile or epithionitrile derivatives of these glucosinolates was not the cause of the toxic event in cattle.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

Liver bud transplantation in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Eiji Kobayashi ◽  
Shin Enosawa
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Silk Suture ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Human Liver Tissue ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Matrix Cell ◽  
Experimental Microsurgery

Abstract: Introduction: Research has made progress in organ fabrication using an extracellular matrix, cell sheets, or organoids. Human liver tissue has been constructed using a 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinter and showed evidence that an in vitro generated liver bud was reformed in a rodent liver model. This study describes the stages of development of rat fetal organs and liver structure and reviews recent progress in liver organoid transplantation. Methods: The authors developed the procedures for creating a transected plane for use in experimental microsurgery in rats. A liver lobe was fixed vertically with gauze and it was ligated with 6-0 silk suture in the cut line; the parenchyma was cut, and major vessels were ligated to create the transected plane. The ligated tissue was carefully resected. Hemostasis was not required and hepatic components remained on the transected plane. The plane was covered by omentum. Results: Using this model, we transplanted fetal liver or a 3D bioprinted liver organoid. This microsurgical method enabled creation of an intact liver parenchyma plane. No bleeding was observed. The transplanted liver components successfully engrafted on the liver. Conclusion: This method may provide an essential environment for growing liver using portal and arterial blood flow.

In Vitro Diabetogenic Effect of Cadmium on Liver

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Biworo ◽  
Dwi Rezki Amalia ◽  
Gratianus Billy Himawan ◽  
Lisda Rizky Amalia ◽  
Valentina Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glycogen Level ◽  
Liver Sample ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Cd Exposure ◽  
Menten Constant

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) on glucose metabolism disruption in liver cells homogenate in vitro. The glucose metabolism disruption was analyzed by measuring the level of liver glucose, glycogen and methylglyoxal (MG), and the activity of glucokinase activity. In this experiment, a liver sample was taken from male rats (Rattus novergicus). Samples then homogenized and divided into four groups with; C served as control which contains liver homogenate only; T1 which contains liver homogenate + 0.03 mg/l of cadmium sulphate (CdSO4); T2 which contains liver homogenate + 0.3 mg/l of CdSO4; and T3 which contains liver homogenate + 3 mg/l of CdSO4. After treatment, liver glucose, glycogen, and MG levels, and glucokinase activity were estimated. The activity of liver glucokinase was estimated by measuring the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value. The results revealed that Cd exposure could significantly increase glucose and MG levels, the Km value of glucokinase, and decreased the glycogen level in liver cells (P>0.05). These results indicated that Cd exposure induced the disruption of glucose metabolism in the liver.

AAnti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afrisham ◽  
Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽  
Molood Bagherieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key role in the hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes in the cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells. Methods: Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (O-Exo) women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The exosomes were used for stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h incubation, the protein levels of TNF-α,IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the ELISA kit. Results: The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly in comparison with control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significance differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively). However, no significant differences were found between three groups in term of IL-1β levels (P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably anti-inflammatory properties independently from body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in liver. However, further investigations in vitro and in vivo are needed to address the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document