Effect of Early Feeding (in Ovo) With Nano-Selenium and Vitamin E on Body Weight and Glycogen Level in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Fasting Condition

This study aimed to reduce the severity of stress on incubating chicks as a result of long staying in hatcheries and exposure to food fasting as well as evaluate its subsequent growth performance. In present study, 750 fertilized eggs were used with divided into 5 treatments, each treatment contains 150 eggs, the first treatment (T1) is a negative control treatment without injection and the second treatment (T2) is a positive control treatment injected with distilled water. The treatments (T3, T4, and T5) were injected with a solution containing vitamin E, nano-selenium at concentrations of (15, 30, 45 mg/ml), respectively. The hatching chicks were divided from the injected egg treatments, where each treatment was divided into 3 replicates and the chicks were starved for 48 hours without providing them feed and they provided with water only. According to results, a significant increase occurred for the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) in weight at hatching and weight at age of 48 hours compared to positive and negative control treatments (T1 and T2). Significant increase occurred for the T5 treatment in the glycogen content of liver with a significant level and for the age at the hatching of (12, 24, 48 hr of bird age), respectively. Significant increase occurred for the treatments (T3 and T5) in the concentration of cardiac glycogen at hatching and at the age of (12 hr). The significant of the T5 treatment continued at the age of (24 and 48 hr) compared to the rest of the treatments. Significant increase occurred for the treatments (T3, T4 and T5) in the concentration of muscle glycogen compared to the treatments (T1 and T2). The results showed that nano-selenium and vitamin E improved the performance of embryonic growth and increased the weight of hatching chicks as well as increasing the level of glycogen in the liver, muscles and heart muscles.

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3 Β INHIBITORS AS ANTIDIABETIC AGENT

A series of phenylmethylenehydantoin and phenylmethylenerhodanine derivatives (Der 1 toDer 8) were synthesized. These newly synthesized derivatives have been characterized byelemental analysis molecular weight measurements as well as spectral (IR, 1H NMR13CNMR) studies. All the compounds show significant increase in liver glycogen level at 25mg/kg dose levels, in- vivo & these compounds were also screened for anti diabetic activity onalbino rats. Most of these compounds have shown significant antidiabetic activity at 25 mg/kgdose levels.

DETERMINATION OF GLYCOGEN IN BEE ORGAN TISSUES AS AN ENERGY METABOLISM PARAMETER

New method of glycogen determination in bee organ tissues, considerably different from the existing ones, was suggested. Ghoreishi’s colorimetric method used today is time-, labor- and cost-consuming as the major reagent – orcin – is quite expensive. Comparison of cost-effectiveness of the two methods demonstrated that the proposed technique makes it possible to reduce expenses by using a more available and less expensive resorcin instead of orcin and reducing total test time from 4 to 3 hours 5 minutes. Glycogen contents determination using the updated method was performed in bees of four breeds: Italian-Carpathian, Carpathian, Oka, gray Caucasus mountain honeybees. It was determined that the Oka honeybees demonstrated the highest glycogen level. It is known that the higher is glycogen contents in organs and tissues the better is energy metabolism in insects. Consequently, honeybees of Oka breeds have higher resistance to unfavorable weather conditions and can produce progeny with a higher level of immunity. So, the specified method of glycogen determination in bee organ tissues increases the accuracy of diagnosis and plays a very important role in determining the level of energy metabolism in insects and will be useful for apiculture.

The Protective Efficacy of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Citronella Gras (Cymbopogon nardus) on Glucose Metabolism Alteration Induced By Mercury in Rats

The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic citronella grass (C. nardus) leaves extract against mercury (Hg) induced glucose metabolism alteration in rats. Four groups of rats were selected, with 6 rats for each group. Animals of group I was received a 1 ppm of Hg only. Animals of groups II, III, and IV received a combination of 1 ppm Hg and plant extract in different dose (1650, 2520, and 3360 mg/ml). The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. The various parameters studied included liver weight, liver glucose, glycogen, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in all groups after treatment. The results of this present studies showed that the Hg-induced glucose metabolism alteration in rats which can be seen from the increase of liver glucose and the decreasing of liver glycogen levels. The results also showed that the Hginduced glucose metabolism alteration through its activities in the trigger the liver cells damage which can be seen from the decreasing of liver weight and the increase of liver MDA level. The ethanolic of C. nardus leaves extract shows a protective effect to maintain all parameters into a better a condition which can be seen from the significant increase in liver weight and liver glycogen level, and the significant decrease in liver glucose and MDA levels. The present study indicated that the ethanolic C. nardus leaves extract showed a potential protective effect on glucose metabolism alteration induced by Hg

EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLITES AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF SNAKEHEAD FISH, CHANNA STRIATUS

The effect of hypoxia on the level of carbohydrate metabolites glycogen and glucose were studied in brain, muscles and liver of snakehead fish, Channa striatus. Hypoxia exposure decreased the glycogen level in brain and muscles of female fishes but increased in male fishes. Hypoxia exposure increased glucose level in brain and muscles of female fishes but decreased in male fishes. The level of glycogen and glucose in liver decreased in both male and female fishes during hypoxia. In the present study, the haematological data of Channa striatus revealed that significant increase (P<0.05 and Â0.01) was observed in red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) content respectively. White blood cell (WBC) count showed significant (P<0.01) increase when compared to the control. Increase in haematological indices means that fish was exposed to hypoxia and was under stress.