Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism, immune function and bone turnover in children with vitamin D deficiency

This review summarizes studies discussing vitamin D status in adults and reveals that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is highly prevalent in adults and that current fortification and supplementation policies are inadequate. Background and aims: Studies suggest a crucial role for adequate vitamin D status in various health conditions including bone metabolism, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and allergies. However, relatively little is known about poor vitamin D status and unmet needs in adults. This report aims to highlight the contribution of epidemiologic studies (through the identification of health effects and societal burden) to the development of vitamin D fortification and supplementation policies and reveal unmet global challenges in adults. Methods: In order to assess worldwide vitamin D status in adults, the search strategy combined the medical literature database MEDLINE (using PubMed) for the time period between January 1, 1980 and February 28, 2011, using the key words vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and included articles in which access to full text was possible and in which healthy adults were assessed according to one of four commonly used vitamin D threshold classifications. Results: This report reveals that vitamin D deficiency occurs in 4.10 % [95 % CI (confidence interval), 3.93 %, 4.27 %] to 55.05 % (54.07 %, 56.03 %) of adults, while insufficiency occurs in 26.07 % (24.82 %, 27.33 %) to 78.50 % (77.85 %, 79.16 %), depending on the classification used. However, lack of overlap in CIs and high value of I2 statistics indicate considerable heterogeneity between studies. Further, certain populations (i. e. dark-skinned individuals, immigrants, and pregnant women) may be at higher risk for poor vitamin D status. Conclusion: Current policies for vitamin D supplementation and fortification are inadequate and new guidelines are required to improve vitamin D status in adults.

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Intoxication - A concern either way

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v14i2.80 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

Muzafar Maqsood Wani ◽

Imtiaz Ahmed Wani

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Normal Blood ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus ◽

Biologic Function

Major biologic function of activated vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, thus regulating bone mineralization. Research suggests that vitamin D may help in immunomodulation, regulating cell growth and 1,4 differentiation as well as some diverse unspecified functions. Overt vitamin D deficiency leads to hypocalcaemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover, which in prolonged and severe cases may cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in elderly.... JMS 2011;14(2):40-42

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Influence of vitamin D deficiency on bone turnover markers in men of different age

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.3.pp279 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Nataliya Balatska ◽

Vladyslav Povoroznyuk

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Turnover Markers

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Safety and efficacy of common vitamin D supplementation in primary hyperparathyroidism and coexistent vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ◽

10.1007/s40618-020-01473-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Song ◽

H. Zhao ◽

Y. Yang ◽

S. Liu ◽

M. Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Safety And Efficacy

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Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew F Warren ◽

Kimberly A Livingston

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Human Nutrition ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Related Research ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in humans is a global problem that requires improving ways to increase vitamin D intake. Supplements are a primary means for increasing vitamin D intake, but without a clear consensus on what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency, there is toxicity risk with taking supplements. Chickens have been used in many vitamin D-related research studies, especially studies involving vitamin D supplementation. Our state-of-the-art review evaluates vitamin D metabolism and how the different hydroxylated forms are synthesized. We provide an overview with how vitamin D is absorbed, transported, excreted, and what tissues in the body store vitamin D metabolites. We also discuss a number of studies involving vitamin D supplementation with broilers and laying hens. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are also described and how they can be caused. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for vitamin D metabolism. However, there is much more that can be understood with VDR in chickens. Potential research aims involving vitamin D and chickens should explore VDR mechanisms which could lead to newer insights with VDR. Utilizing chickens in future research to help with elucidating vitamin D mechanisms has great potential to advance human nutrition. Finding ways to increase vitamin D intake will be necessary because the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in many populations. Chickens can provide a dual purpose with addressing pandemic-caused vitamin D deficiency: 1) vitamin D supplementation gives chickens added value with possibly leading to vitamin D-enriched meat and egg products; and 2) chickens’ use in research provides data for translational research. Expanding vitamin D-related research in chickens to include more nutritional aims in vitamin D status has great implications with developing better strategies to improve human health.

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Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systemic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21186846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6846 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chia-Yu Hsu ◽

Li-Ru Chen ◽

Kuo-Hu Chen

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Renal Osteodystrophy ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Lifestyle Modifications

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the development of mineral bone disorder (MBD), osteoporosis, and fragility fractures. Among CKD patients, adynamic bone disease or low bone turnover is the most common type of renal osteodystrophy. The consequences of CKD-MBD include increased fracture risk, greater morbidity, and mortality. Thus, the goal is to prevent the occurrences of fractures by means of alleviating CKD-induced MBD and treating subsequent osteoporosis. Changes in mineral and humoral metabolism as well as bone structure develop early in the course of CKD. CKD-MBD includes abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and/or vitamin D; abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength; and/or vascular or other soft tissue calcification. In patients with CKD-MBD, using either DXA or FRAX to screen fracture risk should be considered. Biomarkers such as bALP and iPTH may assist to assess bone turnover. Before initiating an antiresorptive or anabolic agent to treat osteoporosis in CKD patients, lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation, smoking cessation, and avoidance of excessive alcohol intake are important. Managing hyperphosphatemia and SHPT are also crucial. Understanding the complex pathogenesis of CKD-MBD is crucial in improving one’s short- and long-term outcomes. Treatment strategies for CKD-associated osteoporosis should be patient-centered to determine the type of renal osteodystrophy. This review focuses on the mechanism, evaluation and management of patients with CKD-MBD. However, further studies are needed to explore more details regarding the underlying pathophysiology and to assess the safety and efficacy of agents for treating CKD-MBD.

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