scholarly journals Accelerated metabolic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in older women with a history of gestational diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice S Ryan ◽  
John C McLenithan ◽  
Gretchen M Zietowski
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this study is to compare central obesity, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), controls, and women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Subjects were 73 overweight/obese and sedentary women who had a history of GDM (n=31) and were either premenopausal (n=11, 44±1 years, X±s.e.m.), postmenopausal (n=20, 58±1 years), or without a history of GDM as healthy postmenopausal controls (n=27, 57±1 years) or postmenopausal with T2DM (n=16, 59±1 years). The premenopausal GDM women had higher maximal oxygen uptake and lower visceral fat than the other three groups (P<0.05). BMI, %body fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and intramuscular fat did not differ significantly among the four groups. Glucose utilization (M, 3 h 40 mU/m2 per min hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps) was 27% higher (P=0.05) in pre- than postmenopausal GDM and was not different between premenopausal GDM and postmenopausal controls. M was 28% lower (P=0.06) in postmenopausal GDM than controls and was not significantly different between postmenopausal GDM and T2DM groups. Thus, despite being younger and more physically fit, premenopausal women with prior GDM display similar central obesity, glucose, and metabolic profiles as postmenopausal controls. Postmenopausal women with prior GDM are more insulin resistant than controls of similar age, adiposity, and fitness levels and display comparable glucose utilization rates as similar as women with T2DM suggesting that a prior history of GDM may be an early manifestation of increased risk of later T2DM.

scholarly journals Early Menopause and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women With or Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 9,374 Postmenopausal Women

Diabetes Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. dc211107
Author(s):  
Yilin Yoshida ◽  
Zhipeng Chen ◽  
Robin L. Baudier ◽  
Marie Krousel-Wood ◽  
Amanda H. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Early Menopause

scholarly journals Genetic factors and risk of type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes: findings from two independent populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengying Li ◽  
Mohammad L Rahman ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Ming Ding ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
White Women ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveWomen with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an exceptionally high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, little is known about genetic determinants for T2D in this population. We examined the association of a genetic risk score (GRS) with risk of T2D in two independent populations of women with a history of GDM and how this association might be modified by non-genetic determinants for T2D.Research design and methodsThis cohort study included 2434 white women with a history of GDM from the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII, n=1884) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC, n=550). A GRS for T2D was calculated using 59 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms for T2D identified from genome-wide association studies in European populations. An alternate healthy eating index (AHEI) score was derived to reflect dietary quality after the pregnancy affected by GDM.ResultsWomen on average were followed for 21 years in NHSII and 13 years in DNBC, during which 446 (23.7%) and 155 (28.2%) developed T2D, respectively. The GRS was generally positively associated with T2D risk in both cohorts. In the pooled analysis, the relative risks (RRs) for increasing quartiles of GRS were 1.00, 0.97, 1.25 and 1.19 (p trend=0.02). In both cohorts, the association appeared to be stronger among women with poorer (AHEI <median) than better dietary quality (AHEI ≥median), although the interaction was not significant. For example, in NHSII, the RRs across increasing quartiles of GRS were 1.00, 0.99, 1.51 and 1.29 (p trend=0.06) among women with poorer dietary quality and 1.00, 0.83, 0.81 and 0.94 (p trend=0.79) among women with better dietary quality (p interaction=0.11).ConclusionsAmong white women with a history of GDM, higher GRS for T2D was associated with an increased risk of T2D.

Abstract P189: Women with Gestational Diabetes Informed, but not Convinced of Power to Prevent CVD

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E Remsberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Postpartum Visit ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Women with a history of gestational diabetes (hGDM) are more prone to develop overt type 2 diabetes and possibly CVD at a younger age than their peers with no history of GDM (non-hGDM). It is less clear how often these women are being screened and taking preventive action against developing these conditions. Hypothesis: We examined the hypothesis that women with hGDM are more knowledgeable than their non-hGDM controls regarding the risks that GDM poses for long-term development of type 2 diabetes and CVD. Methods: The Maternal Health Survey was piloted in a population sample (146 singleton live births; 73 hGDM and 73 non-hGDM) drawn from the 2008 Ohio birth records file (Vital Statistics, Ohio Department of Health). Health histories, health providers’ advice, and mothers’ health knowledge regarding screening and risks for diabetes and CVD were ascertained. To compare hGDM and non-hGDM, descriptive statistics, adjusted odds ratios, and chi-squared statistics were performed. Results: hGDM cases were more likely than controls to report a family history of gestational diabetes [OR= 1.60 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.90)], type 2 diabetes [OR= 1.71 (95% CI: 1.18, 2.49)], hypertension [OR= 2.00 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.87)], and polycystic ovary syndrome [OR= 2.28 (95% CI: 1.57, 3.29)]. hGDM cases were more likely to be encouraged to attend a postpartum visit [OR= 2.50 (95% CI: 1.05, 5.98)], told they were at risk for diabetes [OR= 56.20 (95% CI: 7.40, 426.57)] though not significantly more for CVD [OR= 2.60 (95% CI: 0.96, 7.34)], and how to avoid diabetes and CVD [OR=2.34 (95% CI: 1.40, 3.89)]. In addition, hGDM believed that they were more likely to develop diabetes than their peers (p = 0.002), equally likely to develop CVD (p = 0.211), and less able to change this situation (p = 0.036). Discussion: In conclusion, hGDM reported family histories that were positive for cardiometabolic diseases. Women with hGDM were better informed than the controls regarding their increased risk for diabetes, CVD, and their personal abilities to intervene, but not as confident in the value of prevention measures.

scholarly journals High pre-pregnancy BMI with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252442
Author(s):  
Dayeon Shin ◽  
Kyung Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Despite the importance of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the progression of GDM to type 2 diabetes, few studies have evaluated the combined effect of high pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM status on the future development of type 2 diabetes in Korean women. This study aimed to examine the relationship of pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM history with the risk of type 2 diabetes among Korean women. In addition, the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and current BMI on the risk of type 2 diabetes were evaluated. Women who gave birth in the Health Examinees Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2004 to 2013 (n = 59,258) were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of pre-pregnancy BMI categories (underweight: <18.5 kg/m2; normal: 18.5–22.9 kg/m2; overweight: 23.0–24.9 kg/m2; obese: ≥25.0 kg/m2) and GDM history with the risk of type 2 diabetes after controlling for the following covariates: age, education, income, smoking status before the first pregnancy, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, menarche age, first pregnancy age, and first pregnancy outcome. Compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy BMIs, women with overweight and obese pre-pregnancy BMIs had higher odds of developing type 2 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.25 and AOR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.50, respectively) after controlling for covariates. Women with pre-pregnancy BMIs <23 kg/m2 and current BMIs ≥23 kg/m2 had increased odds of developing type 2 diabetes (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.51–1.78) compared to those with pre-pregnancy BMIs <23 kg/m2 and current BMIs <23 kg/m2. Among women without a history of GDM, those with overweight and obese pre-pregnancy BMIs had increased odds of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with normal pre-pregnancy BMIs (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24 and AOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.44, respectively). Among women with GDM, those with obese pre-pregnancy BMIs had increased odds of developing type 2 diabetes (AOR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.52–9.87). This study showed that there was a higher likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy with a history of GDM compared to their counterparts without a history of GDM. Furthermore, high pre-pregnancy BMI or high current BMI increased the risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean women, regardless of GDM history. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy weight status before and after pregnancy to prevent the future risk of type 2 diabetes.

Long-Term Metabolic Consequences in Patients with a History of Gestational Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5564-5572
Author(s):  
Eleni Kousta ◽  
Adamantia Kontogeorgi ◽  
Stephen Robinson ◽  
Desmond G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
History Of

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy. Universal guidelines on gestational diabetes have been impeded by the long-term controversies on its definition and screening strategies. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is rising all over the world, is significantly influenced by ethnicity and its rise is mainly attributed to increasing maternal obesity and age. Gestational diabetes mellitus has important long-term implications, including gestational diabetes recurrence, increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease for the mother. Gestational diabetes mellitus may be viewed as a chronic metabolic disorder that is identified in women during gestation and may provide a unique opportunity for the early identification and primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in these women. In this mini-review, the evolution of screening tests for gestational diabetes and guidelines are briefly described and metabolic and cardiovascular long-term consequences of women with a history of gestational diabetes are summarized. A summary of our own St. Mary’s Hospital-UK Research series on long-term metabolic consequences of 368 women with a history of gestational diabetes of 3 different ethnic groups and 482 control women is also included. We found that approximately 2 years following delivery, 37% of women with a history of gestational diabetes had abnormal glucose concentrations, but, most importantly, even those who were normoglycaemic, postpartum displayed metabolic abnormalities on detailed testing. Future research needs to focus on the prevention of gestational diabetes long-term complications, but also in identification of pre-pregnancy predictors and risk reduction before conception.

1386-P: Long-Term Weight Change after Pregnancy and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1386-P
Author(s):  
SYLVIA E. BADON ◽  
FEI XU ◽  
CHARLES QUESENBERRY ◽  
ASSIAMIRA FERRARA ◽  
MONIQUE M. HEDDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
History Of
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