scholarly journals The clinical significance and primary determinants of hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Panidis ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽  
Efstathios Papadakis ◽  
Panagiotis Chatzis ◽  
Eleni A Kandaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

ObjectiveHirsutism is frequently present in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is a major sign of hyperandrogenism. However, other disorders frequently present in PCOS, particularly abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (IR), have also been implicated in the development of hirsutism in this population but relevant data are limited. We aimed to define the determinants of the presence of hirsutism in PCOS.DesignObservational study.MethodsWe studied 1297 patients with PCOS (age 24.3±5.8 years, BMI 26.8±6.9 kg/m2). Hirsutism was defined as a modified Ferriman–Gallwey score ≥8.ResultsWomen with hirsutism were younger, had greater BMI, and had higher levels of circulating androgens than women without hirsutism; markers of IR did not differ between the two groups after adjustment for age and BMI. The prevalence of hirsutism progressively declined with age, was lower in normal-weight women than in overweight and obese women, and was comparably prevalent in the hyperandrogenemic phenotypes of PCOS. In binary logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of the presence of hirsutism were younger age, larger waist circumference (W), and higher serum testosterone levels. In stepwise linear regression analysis, the Ferriman–Gallwey score independently correlated with age, W, free androgen index, and serum Δ4-androstenedione and DHEAS levels.ConclusionsBesides hyperandrogenemia, abdominal obesity, and young age are independently associated with the presence of hirsutism. In contrast, the relationship between IR and hirsutism appears to be mediated by the more severe obesity of insulin-resistant patients with PCOS.

scholarly journals Association of three missense mutations in the homocysteine-related MTHFR and MTRR gene with risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Southern Chinese women

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqin Feng ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yuan Pan ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Minjuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Southern Chinese

Abstract Background The etiology between homocysteine and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unclear. In humans, the level of homocysteine is mainly affected by two enzymes: methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR). While the activity of these two enzymes is mainly affected by three missense mutations, namely C677T (MTHFR), A1298C (MTHFR), and A66G (MTRR). This study aims to examine the association between the three missense mutations and PCOS and investigate whether the three missense mutations exerted their effect on PCOS by affecting the homocysteine level. Methods A case-control study was designed, comprising 150 people with PCOS and 300 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the three missense mutations and PCOS. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between the three missense mutations and the homocysteine level. Mediation analysis was used to investigate whether the three missense mutations exerted their effect on PCOS by affecting the homocysteine level. Results Following adjustments and multiple rounds of testing, MTHFR A1298C was found to be significantly associated with PCOS in a dose-dependent manner (compared to AA, OR = 2.142 for AC & OR = 3.755 for CC; P < 0.001). MTRR A66G was nominally associated with PCOS. Mutations in MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G were significantly associated with the homocysteine level. Mediation analysis suggested the effect of MTHFR A1298C on PCOS was mediated by homocysteine. Conclusions MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G were associated with PCOS, and MTHFR A1298C might affect the risk of PCOS by influencing the homocysteine level.

Suppression of Serum Insulin by Diazoxide Reduces Serum Testosterone Levels in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. NESTLER ◽  
CORNELIUS O. BARLASCINI ◽  
DENNIS W. MATT ◽  
KENNETH A. STEINGOLD ◽  
STEPHEN R. PLYMATE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Levels

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Polycystic ovary Syndrome: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudasir Maqbool ◽  
Mohmad Amin Dar ◽  
Imran Gani ◽  
Mohammad Ishaq Geer
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Metabolism

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common, yet complex, endocrine disorder affecting women in their reproductive years and is a leading cause of infertility. This disease appears to be multifactorial and polygenic in nature involving multisystem dysfunction, namely reproduction, endocrine and metabolic. Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance appear to be central cause to the pathophysiology of the disease. The glucose and insulin metabolism pathways have been studied and debated to understand whether Insulin Resistance is due to a defect in insulin action or a primary defect in β-cell function or decreased hepatic clearance of insulin, or a combination of all these factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obese, normal weight and thin women with PCOS have a form of insulin resistance that is unique and intrinsic to the disorder. Moreover obese women with PCOS possess an additional burden of insulin resistance resulting from their excess adiposity. Hyperinsulinemia leads to increase in androgen production directly by acting as a co-gonadotropin, augmenting Luteinizing Hormone activity within the ovary, and indirectly by increasing serum LH pulse amplitude. Whereas Androgens may in turn contribute at least partially to the insulin resistance state linked with PCOS.  In this review, we will briefly study the role of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, Hyperandrogenism.

scholarly journals Impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardio-metabolic status and androgen profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: placebo-controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nearmeen M. Rashad ◽  
Azza H. Abd El-Fatah ◽  
Mohamed El-Bakry Lashin ◽  
Hala G. Abomandour ◽  
Reem M. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic functions. Vitamin D has an influence on metabolic and reproductive functions. This study was designed to explore the levels of free 25 hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)-D] in PCOS patients. We also aimed to clarify the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardio-metabolic status, androgen profile, and clinical features of PCOS. Results Our results revealed significant lower levels of serum 25(OH)-D in PCOS women compared with healthy controls. Even more importantly, our results reported that 25(OH)-D levels were negatively correlated with cardio-metabolic risk factors, androgenic profile, and clinical features of PCOS. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were the main predictors of 25(OH)-D levels among other clinical and laboratory biomarkers. Considering the impact of VD supplementation in the PCOS group, there were significant improvements of cardio-metabolic risks, PCOS phenotype, and androgenic profile. Even more important, these results are associated with increasing 25(OH)-D serum levels after VD supplementations. Logistic regression analysis observed that androstenedione, FSI, and hirsutism score were independent predictors of response to VD supplementation. Conclusion The supplementation of VD for 12 weeks improved the cardio-metabolic and androgenic profiles of PCOS. Furthermore, VD supplementation could be a promising treatment of PCOS and its associated morbidity in PCOS-deficient women. Trial registration NCT04117750

Serum testosterone predicts cardiorespiratory fitness impairment in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Bacchi ◽  
Carlo Negri ◽  
Daniela Di Sarra ◽  
Flavia Tosi ◽  
Cantor Tarperi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

scholarly journals Visfatin and Resistin Serum Levels in Normal-Weight and Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Farshchian ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Houshang Amirrasouli ◽  
Hooman Rahimi Pour ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Hypersensitivity and Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression and Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Vojnović Milutinović ◽  
D. Macut ◽  
I. Božić ◽  
J. Nestorov ◽  
S. Damjanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
And Function

AbstractMolecular mechanisms underlying pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially those related to cortisol signaling, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that modulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and function, may underlie possible PCOS-related impairment of feedback inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity and thus contribute to increased adrenal androgen production in women with PCOS.24 normal-weight and 31 obese women with PCOS were compared to 25 normal-weight controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurements of serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, basal cortisol and cortisol after oral administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone. Concentrations of GR mRNA, GR protein, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein and heat shock proteins (Hsps), as well as the number of GR per cell (Bmax) and its equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) were measured in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.An increase in HPA axis sensitivity to dexamethasone, an elevation of the GR protein concentration, and unaltered receptor functional status were found in both normal-weight and obese women with PCOS vs. healthy controls. Lymphocyte MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 concentrations, and MR/GR ratio were similar in all groups. Correlation between Bmax and KD was weaker in the group of obese women with PCOS than in the other 2 groups.The results did not confirm the initial hypothesis, but imply that PCOS is associated with increased GR protein concentration and HPA axis sensitivity to dexamethasone.

Plasma omentin and adiponectin levels as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in normal weight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Orlik ◽  
Paweł Madej ◽  
Aleksander Owczarek ◽  
Piotr Skałba ◽  
Jerzy Chudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

scholarly journals Circulating platelet-derived microparticles are elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed with the 1990 criteria and correlate with serum testosterone levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini Koiou ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽  
Ilias Katsikis ◽  
Emmanuil Kalaitzakis ◽  
Eleni A Kandaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ObjectiveWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appear to have higher cardiovascular risk than healthy population. Patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the 1990 criteria have a more adverse metabolic profile than those diagnosed with the 2003 criteria. Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) appear to contribute to atherosclerosis but have not been assessed in PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine plasma PMPs in PCOS patients.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsWe assessed plasma PMPs in 76 normal weight women with PCOS (39 belonging to the phenotypes 1 and 2 (group I) and 37 belonging to the phenotypes 3 and 4 (group II)) and 21 healthy normal weight women.ResultsMarkers of obesity and insulin resistance did not differ between women with PCOS and controls. Serum testosterone levels and the free androgen index (FAI) were higher in group I than in group II and controls (P<0.001 for all comparisons) but did not differ between the latter two groups. Plasma PMPs were higher in group I than in controls (P=0.018) but did not differ between group II and controls or between groups I and II. In the total study population (n=97), plasma PMPs correlated with serum testosterone levels (r=0.207, P=0.042) and the FAI (r=0.207, P=0.042).ConclusionsPlasma PMPs are elevated in women with phenotypes 1 and 2 of PCOS compared with healthy controls, but not in women with phenotypes 3 and 4. Hyperandrogenemia, which is more pronounced in phenotypes 1 and 2, appears to be implicated in the increase in plasma PMPs.

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