scholarly journals High cortisol and cortisone levels are associated with breast milk dioxin concentrations in Vietnamese women

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Kido ◽  
Tung Van Dao ◽  
Manh Dung Ho ◽  
Nhu Duc Dang ◽  
Ngoc Thien Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vietnamese Women ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Dioxin Exposure

ObjectiveDioxin (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins+polychlorinated dibenzofurans) is one of the most toxic chemical substances known. Although it is suspected to cause endocrine disruption, very few epidemiological studies have been carried out on its effects on human steroid hormones. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of dioxin exposure with steroid hormone levels in the saliva and serum of Vietnamese women.Study designTwo areas, namely Phu Cat (hot spot) and Kim Bang (nonexposed area), were selected for the study. The study subjects consisted of 51 and 58 women respectively. Saliva, blood, and breast milk samples were collected from the subjects in both the areas.MethodsCortisol, cortisone, DHEA, androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol levels in serum and saliva were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; dioxin concentrations in breast milk were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsDioxin concentrations in the breast milk of women from the dioxin hot spot were three to four times higher than those in the breast milk of women from the nonexposed area. Good correlations were found between the levels of six steroid hormones in saliva and those in serum respectively. Salivary and serum cortisol and cortisone levels in women from the dioxin hot spot were significantly higher than those in women from the nonexposed area (P<0.001) and those in all the subjects were positively associated with dioxin concentrations in Vietnamese women (P<0.01).ConclusionThese results suggest that dioxin influences steroidogenesis in humans. Saliva samples can be used for hormone analysis and are therefore excellent specimens in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Metabolic Differences between Dogs of Different Body Sizes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rondo P. Middleton ◽  
Sebastien Lacroix ◽  
Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer ◽  
Nikola Dordevic ◽  
Adam D. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
16S Pyrosequencing

Introduction.The domesticated dog,Canis lupus familiaris, has been selectively bred to produce extreme diversity in phenotype and genotype. Dogs have an immense diversity in weight and height. Specific differences in metabolism have not been characterized in small dogs as compared to larger dogs.Objectives.This study aims to identify metabolic, clinical, and microbiota differences between small and larger dogs.Methods.Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, clinical chemistry analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 16S pyrosequencing were used to characterize blood metabolic, clinical, and fecal microbiome systems, respectively. Eighty-three canines from seven different breeds, fed the same kibble diet for 5 weeks, were used in the study.Results.449 metabolites, 16 clinical parameters, and 6 bacteria (at the genus level) were significantly different between small and larger dogs. Hierarchical clustering of the metabolites yielded 8 modules associated with small dog size.Conclusion.Small dogs had a lower antioxidant status and differences in circulating amino acids. Some of the amino acid differences could be attributed to differences in microflora. Additionally, analysis of small dog metabolites and clinical parameters reflected a network which strongly associates with kidney function.

Method Consolidation to Improve Scope and Efficiency in Postmortem Toxicology

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirair Gevorkyan ◽  
Megan Wong ◽  
Sue Pearring ◽  
Luke N Rodda
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Postmortem Toxicology ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Automated Processing

Abstract Systematic toxicological approaches that employ both ideology changes and improvements in instrumentation and sample extraction allow for improved toxicology testing efficiency through lower sensitivities, higher specificity and minimized resource use. Historically, the San Francisco Office of the Chief Medical Examiner relied heavily on a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) testing regime, comprised of individual drug-class confirmation and quantitation assays. Traditional methods utilizing GC–MS typically require iterations of testing, exhausting sample volume, and hindering productivity and turnaround times, particularly for polypharmacy cases frequently seen in modern postmortem toxicology. The method described here consolidated the scope of seven legacy methods into a single liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for better sensitivity, higher throughput, minimal sample consumption for the quantitation of drugs of abuse and improved quality assurance with the incorporation of smart, automated processing. About 100 μL of blood or urine were rapidly extracted using a simple acetonitrile protein crash and subsequent in-vial filtration and injected on to an LC–MS-MS system. The developed method was fully validated to SWGTOX and international guidelines and incorporated 55 analytes along with a customized query that facilitates rapid and consistent application of acceptability criteria for data processing and review. Applicability was demonstrated with the analysis of 1,389 samples (858 blood and 531 urine) where at least 41% of positive results may have been missed due to their decreased sensitivity and 11% of results were not within the scope of the previous analytical methods estimated. On average, cases in this study would have previously required three distinct GC–MS assays, 3 mL of blood, and upwards of 30 h of active staff time. The described LC–MS-MS analytical approach has mitigated the need to perform multiple assays, utilized only 0.1 mL of sample, significantly reduced analyst work time, incorporated 10 additional analytes and allowed for a more comprehensive testing regime to better inform cause of death determinations.

Determination of ketamine and norketamine in hair and evaluation of polydrug use in ketamine abusers using hair analysis in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsook Rhee ◽  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Moonhee Jang ◽  
Ilchung Shi ◽  
Sangki Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Forensic Service

Abstract This study evaluated hair samples from 28 subjects who had measurable ketamine levels among the samples requested from 2016 to 2017 into Seoul Institute National Forensic Service in Korea. Ketamine in the hair was extracted by using a solution of 1% hydrochloric acid in methanol for 16 h. Extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). LC-MS-MS method was validated by determining the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, intra- and inter-accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. In 59 ketamine-positive hair or hair segments from 28 ketamine abusers, the ketamine concentration was found to be in the range of 0.011-335.8 ng/mg (mean, 13.6; median, 1.8), and the norketamine concentration was found to be in the range of 0.001-35.7 ng/mg (mean, 7.5; median, 0.44). The ratio of norketamine to ketamine concentration in hair was in the range of 0.01-1.46 (mean, 0.34; median, 0.26). The distribution of ketamine concentration in hair samples was as follows: 0.01-0.1 ng/mg in 11 samples (18.6%), 0.1-5 ng/mg in 33 samples (55.9%), 5-10 ng/mg in 4 samples (6.8%), 10-15 ng/mg in 2 samples (3.4%), 15-20 ng/mg in 4 samples (6.8%), 40-45 ng/mg in 2 samples (3.4%), 45-50 ng/mg in 1 samples 1.7%) and &gt;100 ng/mg in only 2 samples (3.4%). In the hair of ketamine-abusers, 26 of 28 subjects had simultaneously ketamine with detectable levels of other controlled drugs, including MDMA (n=9), MA (n=3), MDMA/MA (n=3), MDMA/PMA (n=3), MDMA/PMA/MA (n=2), cocaine (n=1), and other drugs (n=5, propofol, zolpidem or benzodiazepines). In most of the hair samples were detected ketamine with other controlled drugs: MDMA (60.7%), MA (28.6%), PMA(17.9%), zolpidem (17.9%), and propofol (14.3%) in the frequency of abuse. In conclusion, most of the ketamine-abusers (92.9%) would be polydrug abusers, who were concomitantly abusing other controlled substances.

scholarly journals Validation of Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Analysis of Urinary Conjugated Metanephrine and Normetanephrine for Screening of Pheochromocytoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Taylor ◽  
Ravinder J Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Selected Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background: Metanephrines are biochemical markers for tumors of the adrenal medulla (e.g., pheochromocytoma) and other tumors derived from neural crest cells (e.g., paragangliomas and neuroblastomas). We describe a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the measurement of urinary conjugated metanephrines. Methods: We added 250 ng of d3-metanephrine (d3-MN) and 500 ng of d3-normetanephrine (d3-NMN) to 1 mL of urine samples as stable isotope internal standards. The samples were then acidified, hydrolyzed for 20 min in a 100 °C water bath, neutralized, and prepared by solid-phase extraction. The methanol eluates were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in the selected-reaction-monitoring mode after separation on a reversed-phase amide C16 column. Results: Multiple calibration curves for the analysis of urine MN and NMN exhibited consistent linearity and reproducibility in the range of 10–5000 μg/L. Interassay CVs were 5.7–8.6% at mean concentrations of 90–4854 μg/L for MN and NMN. The detection limit was 10 μg/L. Recovery of MN and NMN (144–2300 μg/L) added to urine was 91–114%. The regression equation for the LC-MS/MS (x) and colorimetric (y) methods was: y = 0.81x − 0.006 (r = 0.822; n = 110). The equation for the HPLC (x) and LC-MS/MS (y) methods was: y = 1.09x + 0.05 (r = 0.998; n = 40). Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of the MS/MS method for urinary conjugated metanephrines offer advantages over colorimetric, immunoassay, HPLC, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods because of elimination of drug interferences, high throughput, and short chromatographic run time.

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