scholarly journals Interactive effects of growth hormone and oestrogen on vascular responses in hypophysectomised female rats

2002 ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gustafsson ◽  
AW Tordby ◽  
L Brandin ◽  
L Hedin ◽  
IH Jonsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE: Growth hormone (GH) and oestrogen (E(2)) are associated with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and it is therefore of great interest to study their interactive effects on haemodynamics and vascular function. DESIGN AND METHODS: Female hypophysectomised (Hx) rats were treated for seven days with GH, E(2) or a combination of the hormones. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were measured. Contractile properties and endothelial function were studied in isolated resistance arteries using the wire-myograph technique. RESULTS: Hypophysectomy, per se, caused a fall in SBP and HR, while vascular adrenergic reactivity (sensitivity to applied noradrenaline) was enhanced. Impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation and basal release of nitric oxide, suggests endothelial dysfunction after Hx. After supplementation with GH, SBP remained low while HR increased towards the control level. GH increased plasma IGF-I, but had no effect on vascular contractility or endothelial responses. E(2) replacement resulted in blunted plasma IGF-I, while the vascular adrenergic and serotonergic responses were reinforced. Endothelial function was not improved after E(2) treatment. When GH and E(2) were given in combination, the GH-induced increase in body weight, plasma IGF-I levels and HR were counteracted by E(2). Moreover, the anticipated reinforcement of the vascular serotonergic response by E(2) was reduced. Neither E(2) nor GH+E(2) affected SBP. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that GH and E(2) might have interactive effects on haemodynamic and metabolic parameters, but not on the contractility or endothelial function of resistance arteries, in Hx female rats.

Abstract 12555: The Dual PPAR-α/γ Agonist Aleglitazar Enhances Arteriogenesis, Angiogenesis and Endothelial Function

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Werner ◽  
Stephan H Schirmer ◽  
Valerie Pavlickova ◽  
Michael Böhm ◽  
Ulrich Laufs
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Fluorescent Microspheres ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Function

Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ agonists modify lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of the study was to characterize the effects of the dual PPAR-α/γ agonist aleglitazar on endothelial function, neoangiogenesis and arteriogenesis in mice and on human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Methods and Results: Male C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT, normal chow) and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice on Western-type diet (WTD) were treated with aleglitazar (10 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle by daily injection. Hindlimb ischemia was induced by right femoral artery ligation (FAL). ApoE-/- mice on WTD treated with aleglitazar before FAL were characterized by an improvement of endothelial-dependent laser Doppler perfusion (right/left foot ratio 0.40±0.03) 1 week after FAL compared to controls (R/L foot ratio 0.24±0.01; p<0.001). Collateral-dependent perfusion measured under conditions of maximal vasodilatation 1 week after FAL using fluorescent microspheres was impaired in apoE-/- on WTD compared to WT mice (R/L leg ratio in WT 78±13 vs. apoE-/- 56±6; p<0.001) and was normalized by aleglitazar treatment. Neoangiogenesis was measured in-vivo by subcutaneously implanting discs covered with cell-impermeable filters. The vascularized area of the discs was quantified after 14 days by perfusion of the animals with space-filling fluorescent microspheres. Aleglitazar increased neoangiogenesis in WT mice by 178±18% compared to vehicle (p<0.05). Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings was impaired in apoE-/- mice on WTD for 6 weeks (relaxation to 52±5% of max. contraction) compared to WT animals (relaxation to 18±5% of max. contraction) (p<0.001). Aleglitazar treatment improved endothelial function (relaxation to 39±5% of max. contraction; p<0.05). In parallel, number and function of EPC were improved in mice. Studies in human EPC showed that 1) aleglitazar’s effects were mediated by both PPAR-α and -γ signalling and Akt and 2) migration and colony forming units were up-regulated by aleglitazar in cultivated EPC from CAD patients. Conclusion: The study provides evidence for beneficial effects of the dual PPAR-α/γ agonist aleglitazar on vascular function in addition to or mediated by its metabolic actions.

The hormonal regulation of the oestrogen receptor in rat liver: an interplay involving growth hormone, thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Freyschuss ◽  
L Sahlin ◽  
B Masironi ◽  
H Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gapdh Mrna ◽  
Igf I

Abstract The regulation of the formation of the hepatic oestrogen receptor (ER) in adult female rats was studied by assaying steady state levels of ER and ER messenger RNA under different endocrine conditions. Hypophysectomy (HX) drastically reduced ER levels from 67·5 ± 7·9 to 8·4 ± 0·5 (means ± s.e.m.) fmol/mg cytosolic protein. Continuous infusion of growth hormone (GH) to HX animals tripled ER and doubled ER mRNA levels. Treatment with triiodothyronine T3) in a high dose (10 μg/day) doubled ER mRNA levels. The effects of T3 were dose-dependent, since a lower dose (1 μg/day) increased neither ER nor ER mRNA levels. ER mRNA concentrations were increased by GH to 481 ± 44% and by T3 to 372 ± 35% of HX control levels 4 h after single injections of the hormones in HX animals. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) alone increased neither ER nor ER mRNA levels in HX animals. DEX and GH in combination increased ER 5-fold and ER mRNA 2-fold compared with control levels in HX animals, whereas DEX and T3 in combination increased neither ER nor ER mRNA levels. Treatment with prolactin affected neither ER nor ER mRNA levels in HX rats. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA levels were measured. GAPDH mRNA levels were increased 2·5-fold in HX rats by DEX and T3 in combination and almost 2-fold by DEX and GH in combination. IGF-I mRNA levels in HX rats were increased 4·5-fold by continuous infusion of GH alone, 6-fold by GH and T3 in combination, and 2·5-fold by GH and DEX in combination. These data indicate that both GH and T3 act directly on the liver to increase ER mRNA levels. GH, the most important of these hormones, also acts at the translational and/or post-translational level to increase ER protein levels. DEX treatment suppresses the stimulatory effects of T3, but not of GH. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 285–298

scholarly journals PHYSICAL THERAPY AFFECTS ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN LYMPHEDEMA PATIENTS

Lymphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Brix ◽  
G Apich ◽  
C Ure ◽  
A Roessler ◽  
N Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Manual Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Compression Bandaging ◽  
Complete Decongestive Therapy ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature

Lymphedema arises due to a malfunction of the lymphatic system and can lead to massive tissue swelling. Complete decongestive therapy (CDT), consisting of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and compression bandaging, is aimed at mobilizing fluid and reducing volume in affected extremities. Lymphatic dysfunction has previously been associated with chronic inflammation processes. We investigated plasma ADMA as an indicator of endothelial function/inflammation before-, during- and after-CDT. Also assessed were vascular function parameters such as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and retinal microvasculature analysis. 13 patients (3 males and 10 females, 57 ± 8 years old (mean ± SD), 167.2 ± 8.3 cm height, 91.0 ± 23.5 kg weight), with lower limb lymphedema were included. Vascular function parameters were assessed on day 1, 2, 7, 14 and 21 of CDT, pre- and post-MLD. ADMA was significantly lower post-MLD (p=0.0064) and tended to reduce over three weeks of therapy (p=0.0506). PWVcf weakly correlated with FMD (r=0.361, p=0.010). PWVcf, FMD and retinal microvasculature analysis did not show changes due to physical therapy. The novel results from this study indicate that lymphedema does not affect endothelial function and lymphedema patients may therefore not have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Our results further suggest that manual lymphatic drainage with or without full CDT could have potentially beneficial effects on endothelial function in lymphedema patients (by reducing ADMA levels), which has not been reported previously.

Effects of ovariectomy and growth hormone administration on body composition and vascular function and structure in old female rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castillo ◽  
M. Cruzado C. Ariznavarreta ◽  
V. Lahera ◽  
V. Cachofeiro ◽  
P. Gil-Loyzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Growth Hormone Administration ◽  
Hormone Administration

scholarly journals Acute growth hormone administration induces antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects and increases phosphorylation of NKCC2

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. F723-F735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Dimke ◽  
Allan Flyvbjerg ◽  
Soline Bourgeois ◽  
Klaus Thomsen ◽  
Jørgen Frøkiær ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Transepithelial Voltage

Growth hormone (GH) has antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects in rats and humans, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms behind the acute renal effects of GH in rats. Female rats received rat (r)GH (2.8 mg/kg sc) or saline and were placed in metabolic cages for 5 h. Urinary excretion of electrolytes and urinary volume were reduced after rGH injection, while urine osmolality was increased. Creatinine and lithium clearance remained unchanged, suggesting that rGH increases reabsorption in segments distal to the proximal tubule. Total plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels did not change, while cortical IGF-I mRNA abundance was increased. The relative abundance of total and Ser256-phosphorylated aquaporin 2 was found to be unchanged by immunoblotting, whereas a significant increase of Thr96 and Thr101-phosphorylated NKCC2 (renal Na+, K+, 2Cl− cotransporter) was found in the inner stripe of outer medulla thick ascending limbs (mTAL). Additionally, an increased NKCC2 expression was observed in the cortical region. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings. The density of NKCC2 molecules in the apical membrane of mTAL cells appeared to be unchanged after rGH injection evaluated by immunoelectron microscopy. Basolateral addition of rGH or IGF-I to microperfused rat mTAL segments did not change transepithelial voltage. In conclusion, GH appears to exert its acute antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects through indirect activation of NKCC2 in the mTAL.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of lifelong caloric restriction on endothelial function are greater in conduit arteries compared to cerebral resistance arteries

AGE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Walker ◽  
Grant D. Henson ◽  
Kelly D. Reihl ◽  
Elizabeth I. Nielson ◽  
R. Garrett Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cerebral Resistance

scholarly journals The Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis: Its Manipulation for the Benefit of Growth Disorders in Renal Failure

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENT ROELFSEMA ◽  
ROSS G. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Igf I

Abstract. Renal failure is associated with dramatic changes in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. In children, this results in growth retardation, which is treated with injections of recombinant human GH (rhGH). Given the many recent advances in the knowledge of the components of the GH/IGF axis, it is timely to review the role of GH in renal failure and to discuss likely new treatments for growth failure. Renal failure is not a state of GH deficiency but a state of GH and IGF resistance, making other approaches to manipulating the GH axis more logical than treatment with rhGH alone. Although in children rhGH is safe, in critically ill adults it can be lethal. As the mechanisms of these lethal actions of rhGH are unknown, caution is advised when using rhGH outside approved indications. In renal failure, an optimal balance between safety and efficacy for growth may be achieved with the use of the combination of rhGH and rhIGF-I, as animal studies have shown synergistic growth responses. However, inhibition of the GH axis, with the use of GH antagonists, is likely to be tested clinically given the beneficial effects of GH antagonists on renal function in animal models of renal disease. Manipulating IGF-I by either administering rhIGF-1 or its binding proteins or increasing IGF-I bioavailability with the use of IGF displacers could prove to be a safer and more effective alternative to the use of rhGH in renal failure. In the future, both rhGH and rhIGF-1 likely will be included in growth-promoting hormone cocktails tailored to correct specific growth disorders.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Hypertensive Patients with Improved Endothelial Function after Dark Chocolate Consumption

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer d'El-Rei ◽  
Ana Rosa Cunha ◽  
Adriana Burlá ◽  
Marcelo Burlá ◽  
Wille Oigman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Tonometry ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
A Prospective Study

Recent findings indicate an inverse relationship between cardiovascular disease and consumption of flavonoids. We aimed to identify clinical and vascular parameters of treated hypertensive who present beneficial effects of dark chocolate for one-week period on vascular function. Twenty-one hypertensive subjects, aged 40–65 years, were included in a prospective study with measurement of blood pressure (BP), brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), peripheral arterial tonometry, and central hemodynamic parameters. These tests were repeated after seven days of eating dark chocolate 75 g/day. Patients were divided according to the response in FMD: responders (n=12) and nonresponders (n=9). The responder group presented lower age (54 ± 7 versus 61 ± 6 years,P=0.037), Framingham risk score (FRS) (2.5 ± 1.8 versus 8.1 ± 5.1%,P=0.017), values of peripheral (55 ± 9 versus 63 ± 5 mmHg,P=0.041), and central pulse pressure (PP) (44 ± 10 versus 54 ± 6 mmHg,P=0.021). FMD response showed negative correlation with FRS (r=−0.60,P=0.014), baseline FMD (r=−0.54,P=0.011), baseline reactive hyperemia index (RHI;r=−0.56,P=0.008), and central PP (r=−0.43,P=0.05). However, after linear regression analysis, only FRS and baseline RHI were associated with FMD response. In conclusion, one-week dark chocolate intake significantly improved endothelial function and reduced BP in younger hypertensive with impaired endothelial function in spite of lower cardiovascular risk.

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