scholarly journals Hypercalciuria is a common and important finding in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Giannini ◽  
M Nobile ◽  
L Dalle Carbonare ◽  
MG Lodetti ◽  
S Sella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The prevalence and the effects of hypercalciuria on bone in patients with primary osteoporosis are poorly defined. We therefore retrospectively analyzed the data of 241 otherwise healthy women. They were 45-88 years of age and had been referred for their first visit to our Unit for Metabolic Bone Diseases over a 2-year period because of primary osteoporosis (bone density T-score < -2.5). METHODS: The main parameters of calcium and skeletal metabolism had been analyzed in all subjects. This population was then divided into two groups, according to the presence (HC+) or absence (HC-) of hypercalciuria. RESULTS: Elevated urinary calcium was present in 19% of the subjects. Due to the selection criteria, spinal and femoral bone loss was similar in the two groups. Urinary calcium, phosphate and fractional calcium excretion were higher in hypercalciuric patients. In a logistic regression model, the higher the Tm of phosphate, the lower the risk of hypercalciuria (odds ratio 0.33, confidence interval 0.18-0.62). On the contrary, hypercalciuria was the most important predictor of low bone mass in HC+ (accounting for more than 50% of the variance in spinal bone density). CONCLUSIONS: Hypercalciuria is a common feature in postmenopausal bone loss. Since increased urinary calcium excretion and low bone mass appear to be linked, hypercalciuria seems to be an important determinant of reduced bone density in this setting as well.

scholarly journals Bisphosphonates in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Pierotti Arantes ◽  
André Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marise Lazaretti-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Good Safety Profile ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of Jaw

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass associated with the deterioration of microarchitecture, due to an imbalance either in high bone resorption or low bone formation or in both, leading to a high risk of fractures. Bisphosphonates are medications which reduce the ability of osteoclasts to induce bone resorption and consequently improve the balance between resorption and formation. There are bisphosphonates approved for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Administration can be oral (daily, weekly or monthly) or intravenous (quarterly or yearly). These medications are well tolerated and with the correct instructions of administration have a good safety profile. Serious side effects, such as, osteonecrosis of jaw is very rare. Bisphosphonates are the most prescribed medication for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Bone diseases, skeletal dysplasias, disorders of collagen

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Deformity ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasias ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Collagen Genes

Metabolic bone diseases 330Skeletal dysplasias 333The osteochondroses 343Heritable disorders of connective tissue 346• Principal features are bone fragility and low bone mass leading to fractures and bone deformity with growth retardation.• Ligamentous laxity, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and blue scleral hue are variable features. 90% of OI dominantly inherited due to defects in the type ↑ collagen genes ...

Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Noncollagenous Proteins ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Skeletal Fragility ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
The Matrix

Bone is a dynamic and complex organ that undergoes constant remodeling. It consists of an organic matrix (collagen and some noncollagenous proteins), minerals (calcium and phosphate in hydroxyapatite crystals), and water. Normally bone mass is maintained by a tight coupling of bone breakdown by osteoclasts followed by bone formation by osteoblasts. This chapter summarizes three metabolic bone diseases. Osteoporosis is characterized by a decreased bone mass with a normal mineral-to-matrix ratio and superimposed skeletal fragility and fractures; osteomalacia occurs when there is a reduced mineralization of the matrix; and Paget's disease is a disorder in which there is excessive, disorganized bone resorption and formation.

scholarly journals The Significance of Soy Protein and Soy Bioactive Compounds in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Osteoporosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa'eed Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Menopausal

Osteoporosis is defined as a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Although bone mass and quality is mainly determined genetically, many other factors, including lifestyle and nutrition also have an impact on bone health. It has been suggested that dietary protein intake may be a risk factor for osteoporosis, and high-protein diets are associated with increased bone loss. Many scientists have examined the relationship between types of protein and urinary calcium excretion, and found that although animal protein was associated with increased urinary calcium excretion, soy protein was not. There is sufficient evidence suggesting soy isoflavones may have potential benefits for bone. Soy protein with naturally occurring phytoestrogens, mainly isoflavones protect against bone loss and synthetic soy ipriflavone in some studies has been shown to favorably affect, but a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of ipriflavone and maintenance of bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Therefore it is too early to recommend it as a supplement for this group of women.

Metabolic Bone Diseases in the Pediatric Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 094-104
Author(s):  
Valentina Testini ◽  
Laura Eusebi ◽  
Umberto Tupputi ◽  
Francesca Anna Carpagnano ◽  
Francesco Bartelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Made In

AbstractBone plays an important role in regulating mineral balance in response to physiologic needs. In addition, bone is subject to a continuous remodeling process to maintain healthy bone mass and growth. Metabolic bone diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by abnormalities of bone mass, mineral structure homeostasis, bone turnover, or bone growth. In pediatrics, several significant advances have been made in recent years in the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, renal osteodystrophy, pediatric osteoporosis, and osteopetrosis). Imaging is fundamental in the diagnosis of these pathologies.

Alpinetin Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Modulating NFATc1 Transcription and Lysosomal Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongxin He ◽  
Jinwei Lu ◽  
Yazhou Chen ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Chenyi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Lysosomal Function ◽  
Metabolic Bone

Abstract BackgroundPostmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic bone disease caused by excessive osteoclast activation, and osteoclasts are considered to be the sole participants in the degeneration and resorption of bone matrix for controlling bone integrity and continuity. The biological functions of osteoclasts depend critically on the number and activity of fused polykaryon. Hence, targeting osteoclast differentiation and activity can modulate bone resorption and alleviate osteoporosis. Alpinetin is widely used for excellent anti-inflammatory activities and little side-effect, but its role in osteoporosis remains unknown.ResultsIn this study, we investigated for the first time the ability of alpinetin to inhibit estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. Alpinetin significantly reduced the expression levels of NFATc1 and its downstream genes, thereby inhibiting osteoclast differentiation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, alpinetin inhibited F-actin ring formation and bone resorption, as well as reduced the activation levels of NF-κB, ERK, and AKT signaling cascades. In mature osteoclasts, alpinetin remarkably inhibited integrin-mediated migration and lysosomal biogenesis and trafficking by modulating the PKCβ/TFEB and ATG5/LC3 axes. Importantly, alpinetin treatment in mice alleviated ovariectomy-induced bone volume loss. ConclusionOur findings strongly suggest that alpinetin plays a significant role in the regulation of NFATc1 production for the differentiation of osteoclasts and inhibits integrin-mediated cell migration and lysosomal function in mature osteoclasts, thus weaken the increased osteolytic ability due to estrogen deficiency. Alpinetin may represent a promising agent for the treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Principal Influence ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Environment And Behavior ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
And Behavior

Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the skeleton and in the incidence of skeletal diseases is well described. In general, females, at any given age, have a lower bone mass than males. The reasons for the differences in the bone mass of the skeleton between women and men at various ages, and the incidence of certain metabolic bone diseases, are multitude, and include the actions of sex steroids, genetics, age, environment and behavior. All of these influence the rate that osteoclasts form, resorb and die, and frequently produce different effects in females and males. Hence, a variety of factors are responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton and the activity of osteoclasts in bone. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about these factors and their effects on osteoclasts.

scholarly journals Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis (in aid of a practicing physician)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
L.R. Kadyrova ◽  
◽  
I.B. Bashkova ◽  
E.S. Akarachkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Keywords Osteoarthritis ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Back pain is a common medical and social problem that requires a doctor of any speciality to conduct a careful differential diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Commonly, both the doctor and the patient underestimate the importance of metabolic bone diseases in the development of acute and chronic pain. The article presents a clinical case of primary (postmenopausal) osteoporosis in a 66-year-old patient, female, with a clinically manifest form of generalized osteoarthritis. A detailed analysis of the algorithm of standard and additional diagnostic manipulations was conducted, indications for the prescription and treatment tactics concerning a drug for pathogenetic therapy were considered. The presence of the metabolic bone disease was suspected by back pain in an elderly female patient who had an onset at a late age (older than 50 years), and a decrease in height by more than 4 cm compared to the height at 25 years. The diagnosis was made clinically on the basis of X-ray data (vertebral compression fracture) and confirmed by the laboratory tests results. The risk of fracture was taken into account during treatment tactics determination. In particular, it was regarded as high in the presented case. KEYWORDS: osteoarthritis, back pain, osteoporosis, low-energy fracture, antiresorptive therapy, bisphosphonate. FOR CITATION: Kadyrova L.R., Bashkova I.B., Akarachkova E.S. Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis (in aid of a practicing physician). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):288–293 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-288-293.

Assessment of Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mass by Non-Invasive Radiologic Methods

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andresen ◽  
H. E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Metabolic Bone

Methods for quantitative determination of bone mineral and bone mass in normal subjects and in patients with metabolic bone disorders can be measured by the Compton scattering technique, the neutron activation analysis, by measurement of metacarpal bone mass, by single and dual photon absorptiometry, and by quantitative computed tomography. Measurement on metacarpal bone (radiogrammetry) seems to be able to distinguish between resorption and/or new bone formation at the periosteal and/or endosteal surface. The intraindividual observer variation on combined cortical thickness (D—d), cortical area (D2–d2), metacarpal bone mass (D2–d2)/D2 varies from 0.7 to 2.5 per cent and the interindividual observer variation from 1.0 to 5.8 per cent. Single photon absorptiometry measures bone mineral content in the forearm with great precision. The reproducibility using repeated measurements and automatic selection of the measuring area is about one per cent and can be used to follow changes in mineral content with time in patients with metabolic bone diseases. The dual photon absorptiometry may be used for measurements of bone mineral content in lumbar spine, in the femoral neck and measurement of total body calcium with an accuracy of less than 6 per cent and a precision below 3 per cent. Quantitative computed tomography has the ability to measure trabecular and cortical bone both centrally and peripherally. Using CT scanning, scanner related changes with time (day-to-day variation ± 4%), patient repositioning (less than 1.5%), and fat concentration (residual uncertainty of approximately 1/6 of the biologic variation) are important factors influencing the accuracy and reproducibility of the values of the measured bone mineral content. The method is very useful in studies of skeleton changes in metabolic bone diseases.

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