Associations of different body fat deposits with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity-related conditions, but the role of early life vitamin D status on the development of obesity is poorly understood. Objectives We assessed whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at age 1 y was related to metabolic health through adolescence. Methods We quantified serum 25(OH)D in samples obtained at age 1 y from 306 participants in a cohort study in Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry was performed at ages 5, 10, and 16/17 y. At 16/17 y, we determined body composition using DXA and quantified metabolic parameters in a blood sample. We examined the associations of infancy 25(OH)D with BMI-for-age z-score (BMIZ) at ages 5, 10, and 16/17 y; with percentage fat and percentage lean body mass at age 16/17 y; and with a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score and its components at age 16/17 y. Results Infancy 25(OH)D was inversely associated with BMIZ in childhood. Every 25-nmol/L difference in 25(OH)D was related to an adjusted 0.11 units lower BMIZ at age 5 y (95% CI: −0.20, −0.03; P = 0.01) and a 0.09 unit lower BMIZ change from ages 1 to 5 y (95% CI: −0.17, −0.01; P = 0.02). Also, every 25-nmol/L 25(OH)D in infancy was associated with an adjusted 1.3 points lower percentage body fat mass (95% CI: −2.2, −0.4; P = 0.005) and an adjusted 0.03 units lower MetS score (95% CI: −0.05, −0.01; P = 0.01) at age 16/17 y, through inverse associations with waist circumference and the HOMA-IR. Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D at age 1 y is inversely associated with childhood BMIZ, percentage body fat at age 16/17 y, and a MetS score at age 16/17 y. Intervention studies are warranted to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation in early life on long-term cardiometabolic outcomes.

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Reduced Sun Exposure Does Not Explain the Inverse Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Percent Body Fat in Older Adults

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-0722 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 3155-3157 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Susan S. Harris ◽

Bess Dawson-Hughes

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Fat ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

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Preliminary data about the influence of vitamin D status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/obese women following two types of hypocaloric diet

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508894354 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 269-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rosa M. Ortega ◽

Aránzazu Aparicio ◽

Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Laura M. Bermejo ◽

José M. Perea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Fat ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Obese Women ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (20–35 years) according to their initial vitamin D status. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: Diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased, or Diet C, in which the relative consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks after dividing the women into groups depending on their having an initial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of < 50 nmol/l (LD) or ≥ 50 nmol/l (HD). Dietary intervention led to a reduction in energy intake, body weight and BMI in all groups. The HD women showed greater body fat losses during the study than the LD women (1·7 (sd 1·8) kg compared to 0·5 (sd 0·8) kg). A better vitamin D status therefore aided the loss of body fat over the experimental period (OR 0·462; CI 0·271, 0·785; P < 0·001). However, when the dietary groups were analysed separately, this effect was only seen in the C subjects (OR 0·300; CI 0·121, 0·748; P < 0·001). The present results suggest that women with a better vitamin D status respond more positively to hypocaloric diets and lose more body fat; this was especially clear among the C subjects who had a greater vitamin D supply during the experimental period.

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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in relation to dietary fat intake and body fat concentration in Caucasian and Asian women

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665112003345 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 (OCE3) ◽

Author(s):

A. Salim ◽

S. A. Lanham-New ◽

O. A. Hakim

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Asian Women ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

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Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with the metabolic syndrome in black South African women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2016-0257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 413-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olusola Funmilayo Sotunde ◽

Herculina Salome Kruger ◽

Hattie H. Wright ◽

Lize Havemann-Nel ◽

Carina M.C. Mels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Composition ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Black Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and metabolic traits appear to differ among ethnicities and may be influenced by obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the association of serum 25(OH)D or PTH with metabolic syndrome (MetS) while controlling for adiposity in black women. Using a cross-sectional study design, 209 urban black women aged ≥ 43 years from the North West Province, South Africa, were included. Multiple regression models were used to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D or PTH and body composition. To explore the association between 25(OH)D or PTH and MetS, a separate variable was created including at least 3 of the MetS criteria, but excluding elevated waist circumference as a diagnostic criterion in a logistic regression model. The majority of the women (69.9%) were overweight or obese and 65.5% of the women had excessive adiposity using the age-specific cut-off points for body fat percentage. All body composition variables were positively associated with PTH, whereas body mass index and waist circumference, but not body fat percentage, had negative associations with 25(OH)D also after adjusting for confounders. Before and after adjusting for age, body fat, habitual physical activity, tobacco use, season of data collection, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, neither 25(OH)D nor PTH showed significant associations with MetS. Although PTH was positively associated and 25(OH)D was negatively associated with adiposity in black women, there was no association between either 25(OH)D or PTH and MetS in this study population, nor did adiposity influence these relationships.

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The Association Between Body Composition, 25(OH)D, and PTH and Bone Mineral Density in Black African and Asian Indian Population Groups

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-3968 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 2146-2154 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jaya A. George ◽

L. K. Micklesfield ◽

S. A. Norris ◽

N. J. Crowther

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Asian Indian ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Black African ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Context and Objective: There are few data on the contribution of body composition to bone mineral density (BMD) in non-Caucasian populations. We therefore studied the contribution of body composition, and possible confounding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH, to BMD at various skeletal sites in black African (BA) and Asian Indian (AI) subjects. Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional study in Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants: BMD, body fat, and lean mass were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal fat distribution by ultrasound in 714 healthy subjects, aged 18–65 years. Results: Whole-body (subtotal), hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (lumbar) BMD were significantly higher in BA than AI subjects (P < .001 for all). Whole-body lean mass positively associated with BMD at all sites in both ethnic groups (P < .001 for all) and partially explained the higher BMD in BA females compared with AI females. Whole-body fat mass correlated positively with lumbar BMD in BA (P = .001) and inversely with subtotal BMD in AI subjects (P < .0001). Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with subtotal BMD in the BA (P = .037) and with lumbar BMD in the AI group (P = .005). No association was found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and BMD. PTH was inversely associated with hip BMD in the BA group (P = .01) and with subtotal (P = .002), hip (P = .001), and femoral BMD (P < .0001) in the AI group. Conclusions: Significant differences in whole-body and site-specific BMD between the BA and AI groups were observed, with lean mass the major contributor to BMD at all sites in both groups. The contribution of other components of body composition differed by site and ethnic group.

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IDENTIFICATION OF FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD RISK FACTORS IN HIGH SCHOOL DISTANCE RUNNERS AND PREVALENCE OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION: A PILOT STUDY

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120s00280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967120S0028

Author(s):

Paige Skorseth ◽

Nicole Segovia ◽

Katherine Hastings ◽

Aleksei Dingel ◽

Emily Kraus

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Fat ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Free T3 ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

History Of ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background: The female athlete triad (Triad) has been associated with increased risk of bone stress injury (BSI) in certain populations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Triad risk factors and identify hormonal and extrinsic factors that may influence Triad risk in high school (HS) distance runners. Methods: Thirty-nine female HS distance runners completed a questionnaire, which included disordered eating (DE)/eating disorder (ED), menstrual irregularities, BSI history, and height/weight. Serum labs were obtained, including ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor, and free T3. Runners completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to measure bone mineral density (BMD) using Z-scores that are age, sex and ethnicity-matched. Body fat percentage was also obtained. A risk score was then calculated using energy availability (EA), body mass index (BMI), age of menarche, oligomenorrhea, BMD, and history of BSI. The statistical model used was Spearman correlation coefficient. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The average age was 16.9 years. 76.3% of runners reported history of DE/ED, 23.7% delayed menarche, 45.0% amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. 35.9% had low BMD (Z-score<-1.0) and 15.8% reported prior BSI. Average BMI was 19.8 kg/m2 and average BMI percentile was 36.2. Low free T3 was significantly associated with higher Triad risk scores (Spearman=-0.36, p=0.028). The association of low BMD with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D neared statistical significance (Spearman=0.28, p=0.086). BMD was significantly correlated with body fat percentage and BMI percentile (body fat percentage rs=0.36, p=0.028; BMI percentile rs=0.48, p=0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of individual Triad risk factors in HS distance runners was high, with an alarmingly increased number of athletes with history of DE/ED and over 1/3 of runners with low BMD. Free T3 was inversely associated with Triad risk scores, which may be an indicator of low EA. Proper screening for the Triad in HS runners is imperative to help identify risk factors which may lead to future BSI. Further research is needed on the role of lab assessments in risk stratification. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

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