scholarly journals The genetics of induced pluripotency

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ralston ◽  
Janet Rossant
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Mature Cell ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Induced Pluripotency ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The flurry of recent publications regarding reprogramming of mature cell types to induced pluripotent stem cells raises the question: what exactly is pluripotency? A functional definition is provided by examination of the developmental potential of pluripotent stem cell types. Defining pluripotency at the molecular level, however, can be a greater challenge. Here, we examine the emerging list of genes associated with induced pluripotency, with particular attention to their functional requirement in the mouse embryo. Knowledge of the requirement for these genes in the embryo and in embryonic stem cells will advance our understanding of how to reverse the developmental clock for therapeutic benefit.

scholarly journals A mini review on production of pluripotency factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) through recombinant protein technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Septian Sumanto Marpaung ◽  
Ayu Oshin Yap Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Induced Pluripotency ◽  
Pluripotency Factors ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The four transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC are highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESC) and their overexpression can induce pluripotency, the ability to differentiate into all cell types of an organism. The ectopic expression such transcription factors could reprogram somatic stem cells become induced pluripotency stem cells (iPSC), an embryonic stem cells-like. Production of recombinant pluripotency factors gain interests due to high demand from generation of induced pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medical therapy recently. This review will focus on demonstrate the recent advances in recombinant pluripotency factor production using various host.

scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Vascular Research: from Two- to Three-Dimensional Organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Trillhaase ◽  
Marlon Maertens ◽  
Zouhair Aherrahrou ◽  
Jeanette Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractStem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the early 2000s, to finally culminate in the differentiation of pluripotent cells into highly specialized cell types, such as neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and lung and intestinal cells, in the last decades. In recent times, we have attained a new height in stem cell research whereby we can produce 3D organoids derived from stem cells that more accurately mimic the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of stem cell research in the context of vascular research ranging from differentiation techniques of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the generation of vascularized 3D organoids. Furthermore, the different techniques are critically reviewed, and future applications of current 3D models are reported. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells: biological insights from molecular imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel G. Kooreman ◽  
Joseph C. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Teratoma Formation

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability (i) to duplicate indefinitely while maintaining pluripotency and (ii) to differentiate into cell types of all three embryonic germ layers. These two properties of ESCs and iPSCs make them potentially suitable for tissue engineering and cell replacement therapy for many different diseases, including Parkinson's disease, diabetes and heart disease. However, one critical obstacle in the clinical application of ESCs or iPSCs is the risk of teratoma formation. The emerging field of molecular imaging is allowing researchers to track transplanted ESCs or iPSCs in vivo , enabling early detection of teratomas.

scholarly journals Generation of Sheep Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells With Defined DOX-Inducible Transcription Factors via piggyBac Transposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moning Liu ◽  
Lixia Zhao ◽  
Zixin Wang ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Sv40 Large T Antigen ◽  
Adult Individual ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to differentiate to all cell types of an adult individual and are useful for studying mammalian development. Establishing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) capable of expressing pluripotent genes and differentiating to three germ layers will not only help to explain the mechanisms underlying somatic reprogramming but also lay the foundation for the establishment of sheep embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. In this study, sheep somatic cells were reprogrammed in vitro into sheep iPSCs with stable morphology, pluripotent marker expression, and differentiation ability, delivered by piggyBac transposon system with eight doxycycline (DOX)-inducible exogenous reprogramming factors: bovine OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, porcine NANOG, human LIN28, SV40 large T antigen, and human TERT. Sheep iPSCs exhibited a chimeric contribution to the early blastocysts of sheep and mice and E6.5 mouse embryos in vitro. A transcriptome analysis revealed the pluripotent characteristics of somatic reprogramming and insights into sheep iPSCs. This study provides an ideal experimental material for further study of the construction of totipotent ESCs in sheep.

scholarly journals Proteomics in the World of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Soares Lindoso ◽  
Tais H. Kasai-Brunswick ◽  
Gustavo Monnerat Cahli ◽  
Federica Collino ◽  
Adriana Bastos Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Omics approaches have significantly impacted knowledge about molecular signaling pathways driving cell function. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have revolutionized the field of biological sciences and proteomics and, in particular, has been instrumental in identifying key elements operating during the maintenance of the pluripotent state and the differentiation process to the diverse cell types that form organisms. This review covers the evolution of conceptual and methodological strategies in proteomics; briefly describes the generation of iPSC from a historical perspective, the state-of-the-art of iPSC-based proteomics; and compares data on the proteome and transcriptome of iPSC to that of embryonic stem cells (ESC). Finally, proteomics of healthy and diseased cells and organoids differentiated from iPSC are analyzed.

scholarly journals Generation of defined neural populations from pluripotent stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20170214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. McComish ◽  
Maeve A. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Effective and efficient generation of human neural stem cells and subsequently functional neural populations from pluripotent stem cells has facilitated advancements in the study of human development and disease modelling. This review will discuss the established protocols for the generation of defined neural populations including regionalized neurons and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Early protocols were established in embryonic stem cells (ESC) but the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in 2006 provided a new platform for modelling human disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The ability to produce patient- and disease-specific iPSC lines has created a new age of disease modelling. Human iPSC may be derived from adult somatic cells and subsequently patterned into numerous distinct cell types. The ability to derive defined and regionalized neural populations from iPSC provides a powerful in vitro model of CNS disorders. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you’.

scholarly journals Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Research and Therapeutic Tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Acimovic ◽  
Aleksandra Vilotic ◽  
Martin Pesl ◽  
Alain Lacampagne ◽  
Petr Dvorak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), namely, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with their ability of indefinite self-renewal and capability to differentiate into cell types derivatives of all three germ layers, represent a powerful research tool in developmental biology, for drug screening, disease modelling, and potentially cell replacement therapy. Efficient differentiation protocols that would result in the cell type of our interest are needed for maximal exploitation of these cells. In the present work, we aim at focusing on the protocols for differentiation of hPSCs into functional cardiomyocytesin vitroas well as achievements in the heart disease modelling and drug testing on the patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs).

scholarly journals Advances in Stem Cell Technologies for Disease Therapy: A Current Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Patel
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
A Current

Stem cells have the capability of differentiating into limitless cell types, alongside the function of exceptional proliferative capacity. There are three main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). ESCs are highly versatile and hold great therapeutic potential but have great ethical barriers and considerations that are yet to be overcome. IPSCs have become increasingly popular within research as they are not restrained by any ethical issues and do not require approval for their usage. The aim of this review was to expand on the background and therapeutic potential of ESCs and IPSCs whilst linking this to their use within disease therapy with a specific focus on ethics, tumorigenesis and survivability. The analysis found some conflicting results and a delay in the advance of overcoming the problems of tumorigenesis and survivability of stem cells. Both stem cells types have shown good efficacy but do also come with their disadvantages.

Nuclear reprogramming and induced pluripotency

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
John C. Lucchesi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotency ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Bivalent Promoter

Four core transcription factors known to maintain the pluripotent state in embryonic stem cells (ESCs)—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc—were used to induce pluripotent stem cells in adult-derived fibroblasts. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), like ESCs, have less condensed and more transcriptionally active chromatin than differentiated cells. The number of genes with bivalent promoter marks increases during reprogramming, reflecting the switch of differentiation-specific active genes to an inactive, but poised, status. The levels of DNA methyl transferases and demethylases are increased, underlying the changes in the pattern of DNA methylation that occur late during reprogramming. The potential therapeutic applications of iPSCs include reprogramming a patient’s own cells to avoid the problem of rejection following injection to restore tissue or organ function. iPSCs derived from individuals at risk of developing late-onset neurological diseases could be differentiated in culture to predict the future occurrence of the disease. Caveats involve the fact that long-term culturing often results in genomic mutations that may, by chance, involve tumor suppressors or oncogenes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document