scholarly journals Temporal changes in reproductive hormones and conceptus-endometrial interactions during embryonic diapause and reactivation of the blastocyst in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Lambert ◽  
CJ Ashworth ◽  
L Beattie ◽  
FE Gebbie ◽  
JS Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Protein Incorporation ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The roe deer blastocyst is in diapause between August and December, after which time it expands and elongates rapidly before implantation. Blood samples were taken from 30 animals to define temporal changes in reproductively important hormones to investigate the physiological cues present at embryo reactivation. In 15 of these animals, changes in uterine and conceptus protein synthesis and secretion, and luteal progesterone release during diapause and reactivation, were assessed after culture of these tissues in vitro. Oestradiol concentrations remained low during diapause (1.07 +/- 0.4 pg ml(-1)) and expansion (1.2 +/- 0.4 pg ml(-1)) but increased by 30 times at trophoblast elongation (49.17 +/- 0.37 pg ml(-1)). Prolactin remained at basal concentrations (4.69 +/- 0.86 ng ml(-1)) and increased after implantation (12.34 +/- 2.71 ng ml(-1)). Peripheral progesterone concentrations and luteal progesterone release remained constant throughout diapause, reactivation and implantation (peripheral progesterone: 3.82 +/- 1.97 ng ml(-1); luteal progesterone: 6.72 +/- 0.81 ng mg(-1) protein). Incorporation of a radiolabel into conceptus secretory proteins increased by four times at expansion compared with diapause, whereas incorporation into endometrial secretions remained constant. At elongation, incorporation into endometrial secretions increased two times and conceptus secretions increased 32 times. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and fluorography showed that the profile of endometrial secretory proteins was constant until implantation when qualitative changes were evident. Although a role for an endocrine maternal trigger of reactivation from diapause cannot be dismissed, these data provide no supporting evidence and indicate that the conceptus itself may drive reactivation.

scholarly journals Conceptus-endometrial interactions and reproductive hormone profiles during embryonic diapause and reactivation of the blastocyst in the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Rangifer ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

<p>Abstract: Roe deer blastocysts exhibit obligate embryonic diapause between early August and late December. The blastocyst then expands and elongates rapidly before implantation. The objective of this study was to ascertain the cues for reactivation of the diapausing blastocyst. Blood samples and reproductive tracts were collected from roe does during diapause, blastocyst expansion and subsequent implantation. Peripheral concentrations of oestradiol-17/3, progesterone and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Luteal progesterone release was determined following in vitro incubation. Conceptuses and endometrial tissue were cultured with 3H-leucine for 24 hours to measure de novo synthesis of secretory proteins. Endometrial secretory proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Results showed that peripheral progesterone concentrations declined by 55% just prior to expansion and did not rise until a 3-fold increase after implantation. Luteal progesterone release remained constant until expansion when it declined by 50% before increasing 2-fold at elongation and implantation. Concentrations of oestradiol-17/3 remained at a consistently low level during diapause and expansion until a 30-fold increase at elongation with concentrations remaining elevated after implantation. Plasma prolactin levels remained at basal concentrations during late diapause and then increased marginally at reactivation before decreasing again at elongation and implantation. Incorporation of radiolabel into both conceptus and endometrial secretory proteins was low during diapause, but incorporation in the conceptus increased 4&not;fold at expansion and by 24-fold at the expanded trophoblast stage. Incorporation into endometrial secretoty proteins remained constant until the expanded trophoblast stage and implantation when a 2-fold increase was recorded. Furthermore, the profile of endometrial secretory proteins was constant during diapause and expansion but changed qualitatively following implantation. These data indicate that both endometrial protein synthesis and sectetion did not change during late diapause and early expansion. The increase in conceptus protein synthesis not only precedes that of the endometrium but consistently low luteal progesterone release, peripheral progesterone and oestradioi-17/J concentrations at early expansion suggests that reactivation is not in response to a maternal uterine trigger.</p>

scholarly journals Supplementary feeding of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L) with late harvested hay. A pilot study

Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rehbinder ◽  
P. Ciszuk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Normal Behavior

<p>In order to increase the fodder available for roedeer during wintertime, late harvested hay was placed on racks early in November in three consecutive years. Freeezing kept the hay dry and fresh during all three winters. In the first winter, with much snow, the bulk of the hay was consumed whereas consumption in the two subsequent mild winters was low and selective. The crude protein content of the hay was low (3.5 - 8.4% dry matter). Metabolizable energy estimated from digestion in vitro was 3.5 &mdash; 5.6 MJ per kg dry matter. Rumen liquor from roe deer during a mild winter gave lower in vitro digestion than liquor from sheep fed with ordinary rations. The value of this poor hay for roe deer is discussed with respect to the animals requirements, seasonal adaption, the energy and protein content of the hay, water consumption and normal behavior. The results indicate that late harvested hay may be more suitable than regularly harvested hay or concentrates to help roe deer to survive spells of severe winter conditions. With late harvested hay placed out at several localized feeding sites, the risks of indigestion and dehydration, associated with a more concentrated, feed, are minimized and the ranking among the roe deer in particular will be less important and thus more animals will have improved prospects of gaining access to the fodder.</p><p>Tilskottsutfodring av r&aring;djur (Capreolus capreolus L) med sent skordat ho. En pilotstudie.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: I avsikt att, for r&aring;djur, oka m&aring;ngden tillg&aring;ngligt foder under vintertid, skordades och h&aring;ssjades ho i borjan av november under tre p&aring; varandra foljande &aring;r. Hoet fros torn och holl sig f&aring;rskt alla vintrarna. Forst&aring; vintern med mycket sno konsumerades huvuddelen av hoet medan de tv&aring; foljande milda vintrarna konsumptionen var l&aring;g och selektiv. M&aring;ngden r&aring;protein i hoet var l&aring;gt (3.5 &mdash; 8.4 % i torrsubstans). Inneh&aring;llet av oms&aring;ttbar energi ber&aring;knad fr&aring;n digestion in vitro var 3.5 &mdash; 5.6 MJ per kg torrsubstans. V&aring;mv&aring;tska fr&aring;n r&aring;djur under en mild vinter gav lagra in vitro digestion &aring;n v&aring;mv&aring;tska fr&aring;n ordin&aring;rt utfodrade f&aring;r. V&aring;rdet av det mycket sent skordade hoet for r&aring;djur diskuteras med utg&aring;ngspunkt fr&aring;n djurens behov, s&aring;songm&aring;ssiga adaption, energi- och proteininneh&aring;ll i hoet, vattenkonsumtion och normala beteende. Resultat&eacute;n pekar p&aring; att, sent skordat ho kan vara l&aring;mpligare &aring;n p&aring; normal tid skordat ho eller kraftfoder att hj&aring;lpa r&aring;djur att overleva perioder med sv&aring;ra vinterforh&aring;llanden. Med sent skordat och h&aring;ssjat ho, vilket gjorts tillg&aring;ngligt p&aring; ett flertal utfodringsplatser, minskar riskerna for v&aring;mindigestion och dehydrering, forenade med en mer hogv&aring;rdig utfodring, samtidigt som djurens inbordes rangordning blir mindre betydelsefull. Det senare innebarande att fler djur f&aring;r tillg&aring;ng till fodret.</p>

scholarly journals Artificial Reproductive Technology (ART) Applied to Female Cervids Adapted from Domestic Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2933
Author(s):  
Anna J. Korzekwa ◽  
Angelika M. Kotlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

There are about 150 Cervidae species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Only a small part is counted among farm animals, and most of them are free roaming. The universality and large numbers of representatives of cervids such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) may predispose these species to be used as models for research on reintroduction or assisted reproduction of deer at risk of extinction. We outlined the historical fluctuation of cervids in Europe and the process of domestication, which led to breeding management. Consequently, the reproductive techniques used in domestic ruminants were adapted for use in female deer which we reviewed based on our results and other available results. We focused on stress susceptibility in cervids depending on habitat and antropopression and proposed copeptin as a novel diagnostic parameter suitable for stress determination. Some reproductive biotechniques have been adopted for female cervids with satisfactory results, e.g., in vitro fertilization, while others still require methodological refinement, e.g., cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos.

scholarly journals In vitro dry matter disappearance using roe deer inocula from summer and winter

Rangifer ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Holand
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
High Fiber Diet

In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of 12 forages were determined using ruminai inocula from 10 European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) collected in summer and winter. There was significant difference in the ability of winter and summer inocula to digest winter and summer forages respectively. Each of the 6 summer forages had a significantly higher IVDMD in ruminal inocula of animals collected in summer versus winter. However, no significant difference in IVDMD of winter versus summer inocula was observed for each of the 6 winter forages. These results suggest adaption, although limited, by ruminal microorganisms in roe deer to winter forages or a potential problem in standard in vitro laboratory procedures when using animals on a high-fiber diet as inocula donors.

Enamel Thickness Differs between Field and Forest European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jan Demesko ◽  
Marta Kurek ◽  
Patrycja Podlaszczuk ◽  
Janusz Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Enamel Thickness

scholarly journals The modular organization of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) body during ontogeny: the effects of sex and habitat

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Milošević-Zlatanović ◽  
Tanja Vukov ◽  
Srđan Stamenković ◽  
Marija Jovanović ◽  
Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Modular Organization

scholarly journals Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Freret ◽  
B Grimard ◽  
A A Ponter ◽  
C Joly ◽  
C Ponsart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of our study was to test whether a reduction in dietary intake could improve in vitro embryo production in superovulated overfed dairy heifers. Cumulus–oocyte complexes of 16 Prim’ Holstein heifers (14 ± 1 months old) were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU), every 2 weeks following superovulation treatment with 250 μg FSH, before being matured and fertilized in vitro. Embryos were cultured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium for 7 days. Heifers were fed with hay, soybean meal, barley, minerals and vitamins. From OPU 1 to 4 (period 1), all heifers received individually for 8 weeks a diet formulated for a 1000 g/day live-weight gain. From OPU 5 to 8 (period 2), the heifers were allocated to one of two diets (1000 or 600 g/day) for 8 weeks. Heifers’ growth rates were monitored and plasma concentrations of metabolites, metabolic and reproductive hormones were measured each week. Mean live-weight gain observed during period 1 was 950 ± 80 g/day (n = 16). In period 2 it was 730 ± 70 (n = 8) and 1300 ± 70 g/day (n = 8) for restricted and overfed groups respectively. When comparing period 1 and period 2 within groups, significant differences were found. In the restricted group, a higher blastocyst rate, greater proportions of grade 1–3 and grade 1 embryos, associated with higher estradiol at OPU and lower glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate, were observed in period 2 compared with period 1. Moreover, after 6 weeks of dietary restriction (OPU 7), numbers of day 7 total embryos, blastocysts and grade 1–3 embryos had significantly increased. On the contrary, in the overfed group, we observed more <8 mm follicles 2 days before superovulation treatment, higher insulin and IGF-I and lower nonesterified fatty acids in period 2 compared with period 1 (no significant difference between periods for embryo production). After 6 weeks of 1300 g/day live-weight gain (OPU 7), embryo production began to decrease. Whatever the group, oocyte collection did not differ between period 1 and 2. These data suggest that following a period of overfeeding, a short-term dietary intake restriction (6 weeks in our study) may improve blastocyst production and embryo quality when they are low. However, nutritional recommendations aiming to optimize both follicular growth and embryonic development may be different.

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