scholarly journals The Assessment of Framingham Risk Score and 10 Year CHD Risk according to Application of LDL Cholesterol or Total Cholesterol

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Young Kwon ◽  
Young Ak Na
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk

scholarly journals Pencegahan Kejadian Kardiovaskuler pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Serinurani Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk

WHO memprediksi adanya peningkatan angka insiden dan prevalensi Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe2 diberbagai penjuru dunia . Untuk Indonesia ,WHO meprediksi kenaikan jumlah pasien dari 8,4 juta pada tahun 2000 menjadi sekitar 21,3 juta pada tahun 2030. Suatu jumlah yang sangat besar dan merupakan beban yang sangat berat untuk dapat ditangani sendiri oleh dokter spesialis/ sub spesialis, maka perlu strategi pelayanan kesehatan primer sebagai ujung tombak menjadi sangat penting untuk lebih berperan dalam penanganan DM sederhana dan mencegah terjadinya penyulit DM, antara lain risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler. Perlu penangan terpadu pada penyakit tidak menular dan berkesinambungan. Dibutuhkan kontrol rutin antara lain gula darah puasa <130 mg/dl , gula darah 2jpp <200 mg/dl, HbA1c <7, Tensi 130/80 mm Hg , Total cholesterol < 200 mg/dl, Kholesterol LDL < 160 mg/dl, Kholesterol HDL > 50mg/dl . Disamping itu perlu menilai risiko Kardiovaskuler dengan Framingham Risk Score (FRS).Kata kunci : Diabetes Mellitus, Risiko Kardiovaskuler, Framingham Risk Score.

scholarly journals Waist:height ratio: a superior index in estimating cardiovascular risks in Turkish adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2246-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reci Meseri ◽  
Reyhan Ucku ◽  
Belgin Unal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Diabetes Status

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the best anthropometric measurement among waist: height ratio (WHtR), BMI, waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) associated with high CHD risk in adults and to define the optimal cut-off point for WHtR.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingBalcova, Izmir, Turkey.SubjectsIndividuals (n 10 878) who participated in the baseline survey of the Heart of Balcova Project. For each participant, 10-year coronary event risk (Framingham risk score) was calculated using data on age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure, serum lipids and diabetes status. Participants who had risk higher than 10 % were defined as ‘medium or high risk’.ResultsAmong the participants, 67·7 % were female, 38·2 % were obese, 24·5 % had high blood pressure, 9·2 % had diabetes, 1·5 % had undiagnosed diabetes (≥126 mg/dl), 22·0 % had high total cholesterol and 45·9 % had low HDL-cholesterol. According to Framingham risk score, 32·7 % of them had a risk score higher than 10 %. Those who had medium or high risk had significantly higher mean BMI, WHtR, WHR and WC compared with those at low risk. According to receiver-operating characteristic curves, WHtR was the best and BMI was the worst indicator of CHD risk for both sexes. For both men and women, 0·55 was the optimal cut-off point for WHtR for CHD risk.ConclusionsBMI should not be used alone for evaluating obesity when estimating cardiometabolic risks. WHtR was found to be a successful measurement for determining cardiovascular risks. A cut-off point of ‘0·5’ can be used for categorizing WHtR in order to target people at high CHD risk for preventive actions.

Framingham risk score after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women at risk for hereditary breast ovarian cancer: A controlled observational study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11048-11048
Author(s):  
T. M. Michelsen ◽  
S. Tonstad ◽  
A. A. Dahl ◽  
A. H. Pripp ◽  
C. G. Tropé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Risk Reducing

11048 Background: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) effectively prevents ovarian cancer in BRCA mutation carriers and in women at risk for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer. RRSO induces immediate menopause, which may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our aim was to determine CHD risk using Framingham risk score and examine factors associated with this risk in women who had undergone RRSO compared to population-based controls. Methods: A sample of 326 (65% of invited) women who underwent RRSO after genetic counseling from 1980–2005 provided completed questionnaires, physical measures, and blood samples. Controls were 1,630 age-matched controls from the Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT-2) (1995- 97). Results: Mean age in both the RRSO and control groups at survey was 54.4 years. Mean follow-up after surgery was 6.5 years (SD 4.4). The RRSO group had a more favorable CHD risk profile (higher education, more physical activity, less smoking, lower total cholesterol, higher HDL cholesterol, lower systolic blood pressure and lower BMI) and lower Framingham total score compared to controls (p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analyses RRSO was inversely associated with Framingham 10-year risk ≥5% (Odds Ratio 0.49, 95% CI [0.34, 0.71] p<0.001). Conclusions: In contrast to expectation, women at increased risk of hereditary breast ovarian cancer had a favorable CHD risk profile after RRSO compared to age-matched controls from the general population, and RRSO was associated with lower Framingham risk score. Follow-up time, self-selection of women seeking genetic counseling, changes in lifestyle after surgery and survival bias are possible explanations of this finding. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Abstract P320: Discordance of Framingham Risk Score and Reynolds Risk Score to Global Vascular Risk Score: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Jung ◽  
Hector M Medina ◽  
Martha Daviglus ◽  
Marina DelRios ◽  
Mario Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reynolds Risk Score

Introduction: The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk model established using an ethnically homogeneous population that predicts 10-year hard CHD events, myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary death. The Reynolds Risk Score (RRS) and Global Vascular Risk Score (GVRS) are validated CHD risk models that, in addition to hard CHD events, predict stroke and other CHD outcomes. In addition to major CHD risk factors, RRS adds systemic inflammation and family history of MI as GVRS adds behavioral and anthropometric measures. This study aims to compare agreement of RRS and GVRS with FRS among Hispanic/Latino adults and to describe discordance in RRS and GVRS with FRS categories, by socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a population-based cohort study of Hispanics/Latinos in four US communities. The analytic sample includes 6,058 non-diabetic participants 45-74 years of age with no past history of CHD and stroke who underwent comprehensive baseline examination. 10-year hard CHD risk score was calculated; participants were categorized as low (<10%), moderate (10-<20%), and high (≥20%) risk. Kappa scores were calculated to compare agreement of RRS and GVRS with FRS. Socio-demographic characteristics of concordance and discordance were characterized overall; multinomial logistic regression models was used to examine age-sex-adjusted likelihood of in discordance by these factors. Results: Mean age of the participants was 55 (SE=0.15) years, 54.3% were women, 41% had family history of CHD, and 90% were foreign born. Overall, 4,805 (74%) had low FRS, 1,143 (24%) had moderate FRS, and 110 (2%) had high FRS. There was poor agreement between RRS and FRS (Kappa=0.16, P<0.01) and fair agreement between GVRS and FRS (Kappa=0.36, P<0.01). In age-sex-adjusted analyses, RRS and GVRS were both more likely to classify persons of moderate and high risk who are between the ages of 60-74; GVRS classified more moderate and high risk women than the FRS. RRS and GVRS discordance with FRS was not associated with nativity and length of time in US. Conclusion: Significant discordance was observed between RRS and GVRS compared to FRS. Among Hispanic/Latino adults, use of RRS or GVRS may be more inclusive in classifying older age adults and women at high 10-year CHD risk.

INTER-GENERATION SOCIAL MOBILITY MODIFIES FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE IN POLISH MIDDLE-AGED MEN, BUT NOT IN WOMEN

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWA ANITA JANKOWSKA ◽  
ALICJA SZKLARSKA ◽  
ANNA LIPOWICZ ◽  
MONIKA ŁOPUSZAŃSKA ◽  
SŁAWOMIR KOZIEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk

SummaryIn modern societies, there are regular social gradients in most health parameters, and also in the structure of morbidity and mortality. However, the significance of inter-generation social mobility for general health status still remains equivocal. This study was therefore performed in order to compare the effect of social mobility on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk between middle-aged Polish men and women. A total of 342 men and 458 women, aged 40 and 50 and inhabitants of Wrocław, were examined. Risk of CHD was estimated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), calculated for each individual. Social mobility was defined as an inter-generation change in social status expressed as educational level between the examined individual and his/her father. Using two-variable regression models, it was demonstrated that FRS in men was determined by both their father’s education level (β=0·33, p<0·0001) and inter-generation change in educational status (β=0·18, p=0·008). In contrast, FRS in women was related only to their father’s education level (β=0·35, p<0·0001), but not to inter-generation social mobility (β=0·35, p=0·25). In particular, an incremental change in educational level among those men whose father had finished primary school at the very most or among those whose father had finished basic trade school was accompanied by a significant decrease in FRS (F=4·12, p=0·009 and F=3·25, p=0·04, respectively). It is concluded that inter-generation social mobility modifies CHD risk (as estimated using FRS) in middle-aged Polish men, but not in women. The precise mechanisms responsible for the observed sex difference in this phenomenon need to be established in further studies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Different Methods for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: Framingham Risk Score and Score System

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana Jovičić ◽  
Svetlana Ignjatović ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
Framingham Risk

Comparison of Two Different Methods for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment:Framingham Risk ScoreandScoreSystemNumerous studies have shown that the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (cigarette smoking, hypertension, elevated serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol - HDL, diabetes mellitus and advancing age), are additive in predictive power. Accordingly, the total risk of a person can be estimated by summing up the risk imparted by each of the major risk factors. Using data obtained from population studies, various risk assessment algorithms have been developed. The aim of this study was to compare the two most common risk scores. Risk assessment for determining 10-year risk in 185 healthy, asymptomatic individuals of both sexes, 30-85 years old, was carried out according to both Framingham (FRS) and SCORE risk scoring. The risk factors included in the calculation of 10-year risk are gender, age, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension and cigarette smoking. The determinations of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were made in sera collected after a 12h fasting period using an Olympus AU2700 automated analyzer. The Framingham risk score was determined using an electronic calculator - ATP III Risk Estimator, and the risk status according to SCORE was obtained using charts for the 10-year risk in populations at high risk. Among 185 participants, in 152 (82%) 10-year risk for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) death was <10%, 24 (13%) had intermediate and 9 (5%) had high risk (⩾20%) according to FRS. According to SCORE, 110 (60%) participants had <1%, 56 (30%) had 1-5% and 19 (10%) had ⩾5% of 10-year risk for cardiovascular death. Different categories of risk were assigned to ~30% of individuals according to different risk assessment models. Differences in risk classification when using two different risk assessment algorithms can be explained with several important issues, including different endpoints, consideration of interactions and incorporation of antihypertensive use. It is important to note that neither FRS nor SCORE have been appropriately adjusted for our population, according to the national cardiovascular mortality rate.

Abstract 3719: Using the Framingham Risk Score to Select Low-risk Men for CAC Screening

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J Taylor ◽  
Irwin M Feuerstein ◽  
Holly Wu ◽  
Jody Bindeman ◽  
Kelly Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Screening Population ◽  
The Relationship

Background Although coronary artery calcium (CAC) is predictive of future CHD, screening for CAC in low risk populations is controversial. Criteria are needed to narrow the screening population to those in whom CAC measurement is most efficient (vs. unselected screening). In this analysis, we report the relationship between CAC and CHD outcomes across Framingham risk score (FRS) subgroups to test whether there is a differential relationship between CAC and outcomes across baseline risk. Methods In 1634 unselected male volunteers (mean age 42, mean 10 year CHD FRS 4.6%, CAC prevalence 22.4%), we evaluated the independent relationship between CAC and incident CHD over 5.6 years including hard events (hospitalized unstable angina, myocardial infarction and CHD death) and coronary revascularization. The cohort was stratified into tertiles of FRS to explore the relationship between CAC and CHD outcomes. Results FRS tertile cutpoints were 0 –3%, 3–5%, and >5% 10 year CHD risk. Over a mean 5.6 years ± 1.5 year of follow-up (range: 1.0 to 8.3 years), there were 22 total CHD events, including 14 hard events and 8 revascularizations. The majority of events occurred in the highest FRS tertile (n = 14), versus the middle (n= 6) and lowest risk tertiles (n=2; P = 0.005). Only in the highest FRS tertile was there a significant relationship between CAC and CHD outcomes. Conclusion Among asymptomatic low risk men, the presence of CAC demonstrates substantial discriminating power in predicting events, but appears to be most clinically useful when the 10-year FRS exceeds approximately 5%. If screening with CAC is pursued among low risk men, it should be preceded by a FRS and restricted to those with scores >5%.

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