scholarly journals The Finnish Battle for Identity: Finnish Socialism, Nationalism and Russian Ideological Intervention in the Finnish Civil War

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Maavara
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
First World

The Finnish Civil War, fought from January to May 1918, was one of the many small scale Eastern European conflicts fought in the ideological and ethnic turmoil that followed the Russian Revolution and the First World War.  The war was fought between socialist Finnish Reds and conservative Finnish Whites. Despite its class conflict characteristics, the Civil War was manufactured by the Whites as a War of Liberation from Russia. The Whites successfully mobilized Finnish nationalism by exploiting the nature and history of Finnish socialism to reveal contradictions in socialist policies and painting the Reds as puppets of Russian communists.

scholarly journals AND AGAIN TO THE ISSUE OF «RED TROUBLES»

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
S. M. Sivkov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
First World

The article provides a review of the work of a famous member of the First world and the civil war in Russia, an Expat, a supporter of the ideas of General Kutepov Colonel Zaitcova A. A. “1918: essays on the history of the Russian Civil war"publisher “X-History", 2015. The author reveals the main content of the work and special approach A. A. Sizova closely connected with the events of the Civil war with the First world war, made a conclusion about the nature of war in Russia. Disclosed some biographical data of Colonel A. A. Zaitcova.

RESPONDING TO DOSTOYEVSKY? JULIO JURENITO BY ILYA EHRENBURG

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
George S. Prokhorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
The Brothers Karamazov ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Damage ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
First World

Julio Jurenito – a 1924 Modernist novel by Ilya Ehrenburg, written hot on the heels of the 1917 Revolution and is distinguished by both a wide intertextual spectrum and an acute satirical orientation in relation to all ideological trends and factions. The article focuses on references of the novel by Ilya Ehrenburg to the legacy of Dostoevsky – primarily – The Brothers Karamazov. Ilya Ehrenburg resets Dostoevsky’s features – his protagonists and some elements of plot – into the reality of European history of the First World War, Russian Revolution and Civil War. But also, Ehrenburg goes beyond Dostoevsky’s semantic continuum, replacing the author’s sense of History as a process striving for its endpoint with a History in which an end is fundamentally impossible, and there is always at least the potential to put the flow of event on pause and rewrite their mistakes. As well, the idea important for Dostoevsky that of the moral damage of the modern atheist-minded person is transformed into a demonstration of the people’s inclination to create idols and devoutly worship the latter. Ilya Ehrenburg’s novel is grounded on an interpretation of Dostoevsky, perfected through the prism of the traditions of the Jewish Enlightenment.

The Struggle for “The Enslaved Rus”: Conversion of Rusin Prisoners of War to Orthodoxy in Omsk (1915–1917)

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
A.V. Sushko ◽  
◽  
D.I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The article examines an understudied aspect of religious life in Omsk during the First World War, associated with mass conversion to the Orthodoxy of Rusin prisoners of war – former soldiers and officers of the Austro-Hungarian army. The research is based on the materials from the journal Omskie Eparkhialnye Vedomosti and the registration records of the birth books of Omsk Orthodox churches for 1915–1917. The combination of the anthropological approach with the problem-chronological and historicalcomparative methods allowed a thorough investigation of the phenomenon of mass conversion of Rusin prisoners of war to Orthodoxy, linking it with the specific historical situation and the personalities of church hierarchs who served in Siberia. The authors argue that the “Omsk phenomenon” of Rusins’ joining Orthodoxy was conditioned by the ascetic activity of the missionaries from the Omsk and Pavlodar dioceses, lead by Bishop Sylvester (Olshevsky). However, it should be emphasized that the dynamic development of this process was ensured by the official ideology based on Orthodox values, which dominated in the Russian Empire. The ideological factor of the conversion to Orthodoxy was decisive for the Rusins, who were attracted by the Orthodox empire, the “state of the Russian people”. The fall of the monarchy as a result of the Russian Revolution changed the paradigm of the country’s development and immediately put an end to the massive conversions of Rusins to Orthodoxy in Omsk. The article may be of interest to researchers of the history of Rusins, military and social history, as well as national and religious politics.

scholarly journals In Ukraine under Hetman summer — autumn 1918

2021 ◽  
pp. 477-507
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Ganin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
European History ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
East European ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

This article introduces previously unpublished memoirs of General P. S. Makhrov about the events of the Civil war in the Ukraine in 1918. Makhrov’s Memoirs from the Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian and East European History and Culture, Columbia University are an important source for the different events of the late XIX — first half of the XX century. Primarily on the history of the First world war and Civil war in Russia and Ukraine. The memoirist describes in detail the Ukraine under Hetman P. P. Skoropadski and the German occupation. P. S. Makhrov pays special attention to the behavior of officers in independent Ukraine.

scholarly journals Admiral Kolchak in Omsk: on history of Civil War in Russia and geopolitical redistribution of Europe after First World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
S. V. Novikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
Military Power ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
First World ◽  
Supreme Commander

The article is devoted to the study of the circumstances of coming to power in the anti-Bolshevik Omsk of Admiral A. V. Kolchak. He concentrated in his hands the executive, legislative, judicial and military power becoming the Supreme Ruler of Russia and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The author comes to the conclusion that the appearance of A.V. Kolchak in Omsk was a consequence of the contradictions between British and French politicians, and the admiral himself, relying on the British, was a victim of a redivision of the world following the First World War

scholarly journals Pyotr S. Makhrov. The Civil War in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 108-137
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Ganin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The material is a publication of an annotated excerpt from the memoirs of General Pyotr Semyonovich Makhrov about the events of the Civil War in Ukraine from the autumn of 1918 to the winter of 1919. The manuscript of Makhrov’s memoirs is kept in the Bakhmetev archive of Columbia University in the USA. This valuable testimony of an informed contemporary of crucial historical events is an important source on the history of the First World War, the Civil War in Russia and Ukraine, and Russian mili- tary emigration, and covers the period from the late nineteenth century to the fi rst half of the twentieth century. Makhrov was an offi cer of the Russian army, a graduate of the Nicholas General Staff Academy, a man of liberal views, and brilliantly wielded a pen. In 1918, Makhrov lived in Ukraine in Poltava and was an eyewitness to a series of sig- nifi cant events, including several changes of power. The memoir covers in detail the life of Ukraine under Hetman Pavlo P. Skoropadsky, the German occupation, the anti-Hetman uprising, the fall of the Hetmanate, the rampant ataman, and the establishment of the power of the Directory of Ukrainian People’s Republic in late 1918. The memoirs represent the view of a military man who was critical of the new Ukrainian state and was focused on the ideology of the White movement. Much attention is paid to the be- haviour of offi cers in the varied conditions of independent Ukraine and in its collapse.

scholarly journals The Zoological Museum and Institute in Petrograd–Leningrad: from the First World War to the “Great Break” (1914–mid-1930s)

2019 ◽  
Vol 323 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-312
Author(s):  
N.V. Slepkova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
Zoological Institute ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First World

This paper considers some aspects of the history of the Zoological Museum and the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which appeared on its base in 1931, during two decades following the outbreak of the First World War. It deals with the scientific, social and political consequences caused for the Zoological Museum by the First World War, two Revolutions of 1917 and subsequent Civil War. The paper describes establishment of the Museum’s Council, which ruled from 1917 to 1930, and an attempt to evacuate collections in 1917, as well as conditions under which the Museum zoologists had to work in the period of the wars and revolutions. The first years of the restoration of normal work of the Zoological Museum after the Civil War are considered, as well as the effects of the flood, which damaged the Ichthyological, Herpetological and Osteological departments of the Museum in 1924. The renaming of the Museum into the Institute during the reform of the Academy of Sciences in 1929–1934 is discussed as well as layoffs and repressions during this reform. The paper considers changes in the Exhibition Department, made on demand of the authorities. The information is given about the Faunistic Conference of 1932, which was hosted by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR under the slogan for “the Party’s” and “Bolshevik’s faunistic studies”.

Socio-political and confessional preconditions of the birth of the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church in Western Ukraine (20-30 years of the twentieth century)

2000 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
R. Soloviy
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
First World

In the history of religious organizations of Western Ukraine in the 20-30th years of the XX century. The activity of such an early protestant denominational formation as the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church occupies a prominent position. Among UCRC researchers there are several approaches to the preconditions for the birth of the Ukrainian Calvinistic movement in Western Ukraine. In particular, O. Dombrovsky, studying the historical preconditions for the formation of the UREC in Western Ukraine, expressed the view that the formation of the Calvinist cell should be considered in the broad context of the Ukrainian national revival of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new assessment of the religious factor in public life proposed by the Ukrainian radical activists ( M. Drahomanov, I. Franko, M. Pavlik), and significant socio-political, national-cultural and spiritual shifts caused by the events of the First World War. Other researchers of Ukrainian Calvinism, who based their analysis on the confessional-polemical approach (I.Vlasovsky, M.Stepanovich), interpreted Protestantism in Ukraine as a product of Western cultural and religious influences, alien to Ukrainian spirituality and culture.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

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