Intra-landscape distribution of snow storage in the Mayma river basin (low-mountain area of the Russian Altai)

The impact of climate change on soil erosion is pronounced in high mountain area. In this study, the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model was improved for better calculation of soil erosion during snowmelt period by integrating a distributed hydrological model in upper Heihe river basin (UHRB). The results showed that the annual average soil erosion rate from 1982 to 2015 in the study area was 8.1 t ha-1 yr-1, belonging to the light grade. To evaluate the influence of climate change on soil erosion, detrended analysis of precipitation, temperature and NDVI was conducted. It was found that in detrended analysis of precipitation and temperature, the soil erosion of UHRB would decrease 26.5% and 3.0%, respectively. While in detrended analysis of NDVI, soil erosion would increase 9.9%. Compared with precipitation, the effect of temperature on total soil erosion was not significant, but the detrended analysis of temperature showed that the effect of temperature on soil erosion during snowmelt period can reach 70%. These finding were helpful for better understanding of the impact of climate change on soil erosion and provide a scientific basis for soil management in high mountain area under climate change in the future.

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FORM DIVERSITY OF POPULUS NIGRA L., P. LAURIFOLIA LEDEB. AND P. × JRTYSCHENSIS CHANG Y. YANG IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE ALTAI-SAYANIAN MOUNTAIN AREA

Bulletin of Kemerovo State University Series Biological Engineering and Earth Sciences ◽

10.21603/2542-2448-2017-2-19-24 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (2) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Андрей Климов ◽

Andrey Klimov ◽

Борис Прошкин ◽

Boris Proshkin

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Capacity ◽

River Basin ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Mountainous Area ◽

Mountain Area ◽

Breeding Potential ◽

The North ◽

Initial Basis ◽

North Western

The study of the form diversity of Siberian poplar species P. nigra , P. laurifolia and P. × jrtyschensis serves as the initial basis for identifying the adaptive capacity of populations, their economically valuable forms and breeding potential. The carried out analysis of the polymorphism of the species in nature and their cultivated forms showed their considerable diversity in terms of their habitual characteristics. It was revealed that the species of P. nigra , P. laurifolia and P. × jrtyschensis have been studied rather irregularly. The paper features an assessment of the form diversity in the North-Western part of the Altai-Sayan mountainous area. The analysis was performed on the basis of qualitative features of the crown, bark, leaves and shoots. Within the studied territory, P. nigra is characterized by the presence of two morphotypes, according to the nature of the pubescence and two distinct forms of bark color. It has been established that the populations of P. laurifolia of the Tom’ river basin are characterized by a greater polymorphism, both according to the diversity of morphotypes of shoots and pubescence, and by the color and structure of the cortex. The white and green bark forms of the laurel poplar are valuable for sustainable construction and selection work. In P. × jrtyschensis , gray bark forms predominate in populations, and its diversity requires a further systematic study.

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Prediction of water resources as snow storage under climate change in the Tedori River basin of Japan

Paddy and Water Environment ◽

10.1007/s10333-012-0337-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1-4) ◽

pp. 463-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Noto Fumikazu ◽

Maruyama Toshisuke ◽

Yoshida Masashi ◽

Hayase Yoshio ◽

Takimoto Hiroshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Snow Storage

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Evaluation of water resources by snow storage using water balance and tank model method in the Tedori River basin of Japan

Paddy and Water Environment ◽

10.1007/s10333-011-0297-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1-4) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Noto Fumikazu ◽

Maruyama Toshisuke ◽

Hayase Yoshio ◽

Takimoto Hiroshi ◽

Nakamura Kimihito

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Tank Model ◽

Model Method ◽

Snow Storage

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Simulation of snow accumulation and melting in the Kama river basin using data from global prognostic models

Journal Ice and Snow ◽

10.15356/2076-6734-2019-4-423 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 494-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. V. Pyankov ◽

A. N. Shikhov ◽

P. G. Mikhaylyukova

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Mean Square Error ◽

River Basin ◽

Snow Water Equivalent ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Snow Accumulation ◽

Mean Square ◽

Snow Storage ◽

The Mean ◽

Weather Stations

Currently, the improvement of numerical models of weather forecasting allows using them for hydrological problems, including calculations of snow water equivalent (SWE) or snow storage. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of daily precipitation forecasts for three global atmospheric models: GFS (USA), GEM (Canada) and PL-AV (Russia) for calculating snow storage (SWE) in the Kama river basin for the cold season of 2017–2018. As the main components of the balance of snow storages the following parameters were taken into account: precipitation (with regard for the phase); snow melting during thaws; evaporation from the surface of the snow cover; interception of solid precipitation by forest vegetation. The calculation of snow accumulation and melting was based on empirical methods and performed with the GIS technologies. The degree-day factor was used to calculate snowmelt intensity, and snow sublimation was estimated by P.P. Kuz’min formula. The accuracy of numerical precipitation forecasts was estimated by comparing the results with the data of 101 weather stations. Materials of 40 field and 27 forest snow-measuring routes were taken into account to assess the reliability of the calculation of snow storages (SWE). During the snowmelt period, the part of the snow-covered area of the basin was also calculated using satellite images of Terra/Aqua MODIS on the basis of the NDFSI index. The most important result is that under conditions of 2017/18 the mean square error of calculating the maximum snow storage by the GFS, GEM and PL-AB models was less than 25% of its measured values. It is difficult to determine which model provides the maximum accuracy of the snow storage calculation since each one has individual limitations. According to the PL-AV model, the mean square error of snow storage calculation was minimal, but there was a significant underestimation of snow accumulation in the mountainous part of the basin. According to the GEM model, snow storages were overestimated by 10–25%. When calculating with use of the GFS model data, a lot of local maximums and minimums are detected in the field of snow storages, which are not confirmed by the data of weather stations. The main sources of uncertainty in the calculation are possible systematic errors in the numerical forecasts of precipitation, as well as the empirical coefficients used in the calculation of the intensity of snowmelt and evaporation from the snow cover surface.

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Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on Surface Runoff in the Changbai Mountain Area, Northeast China

Water ◽

10.3390/w13233473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 3473

Author(s):

Shanjun Zhang ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Chuanzhe Li ◽

Fuliang Yu ◽

Lanshu Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Time Series ◽

River Basin ◽

Human Activities ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Northeast China ◽

Changbai Mountain ◽

Mountain Area ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Runoff Changes

Climate change and human activities are two important factors affecting surface runoff. In water resource management and planning, it is generally important to separate the contribution of these factors when assessing runoff changes. The Changbai Mountain area is rich in water resources and is an important hydropower energy base for Northeast China. This study used Sen’s slope estimator to explore trends in runoff precipitation and evapotranspiration from 1960 to 2016, and the results showed a downward trend in runoff and an upward trend in precipitation and evaporation in most areas. The mutation point of the annual time series for the observed runoff was estimated, and the time series was divided into the base period (1960–1975) and impact period (1976–2016). Based on the Budyko framework, we performed attribution analysis of the runoff changes, and analyzed the difference between the mountainous region and the whole basin. We determined that the impacts of climate change and human activities, on average, accounted for decreases in the runoff by 60.15% and 39.85%, respectively, for the Second Songhua River Basin; 73.74% and 26.26%, respectively, for the Tumen River Basin; 84.76% and 15.24%, respectively, for the Yalu River Basin; human activities were the main causes of runoff changes in the Changbai Mountain area; climate change was the main cause of runoff changes in mountainous regions. The results of this study show that the reasons for the change in runoff in mountainous regions and the whole basin in the same area are different, which has some illuminating significance for water resources management of different elevation areas.

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Drought Causes and Solutions of Down-Faulted Basin Groups in Nandong Underground River Basin

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2167 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 2167-2170

Author(s):

Mei Xian Mo ◽

Feng Li ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Chun Yan Li

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Underground Water ◽

Karst Water ◽

Mountain Area ◽

Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽

Underground Dam ◽

Level Elevation ◽

Underground River

For many years, drought is severe in the basins and the mountain area of Nandong underground river basin. The author analyzes the reasons of the drought from the hydrogeological characteristics of the basin, climate characteristics, groundwater pollution ,and study indicates that the drought causes is that shallow groundwater and surface water has been seriously polluted, and it is extremely difficult to look for underground karst water. Then the author analyse solutions to solve these problems: building underground dam in Moshigou to develop Nandong underground river; rising underground water level elevation up to 1253m,it can intercept about 306 million m3 underground water. In this way, the author predict that the water shortage problem can be solved fundamentally in these three basins.

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Simulation of energy and water balance in Soil-Vegetation- Atmosphere Transfer system in the mountain area of Heihe River Basin at Hexi Corridor of northwest China

Science in China Series D Earth Sciences ◽

10.1360/02yd0428 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 538 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ersi KANG

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Northwest China ◽

Hexi Corridor ◽

Heihe River Basin ◽

Heihe River ◽

Transfer System ◽

Mountain Area

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Uncertainty in climate change projections of discharge for the Mekong River Basin

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-7-5991-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 5991-6024 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. G. Kingston ◽

J. R. Thompson ◽

G. Kite

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

River Basin ◽

River Discharge ◽

River Flow ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Mekong River ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Mekong River Basin ◽

Snow Storage

Abstract. The Mekong River Basin comprises a key regional resource in Southeast Asia for sectors that include agriculture, fisheries and electricity production. Here we explore the potential impacts of climate change on freshwater resources within the river basin. We quantify uncertainty in these projections associated with GCM structure and climate sensitivity, as well as from hydrological model parameter specification. This is achieved by running pattern-scaled GCM output through a semi-distributed hydrological model (SLURP) of the basin. These pattern-scaled GCM outputs allow investigation of specific thresholds of global climate change including the postulated 2 ºC threshold of "dangerous" climate change as simulated using outputs from seven different GCMs. Detailed analysis of results based on HadCM3 climate scenarios reveals a relatively small but non-linear response of annual river discharge to increasing global mean temperature, ranging from a 5.4% decrease to 4.5% increase. Intra-annual (monthly) changes in river discharge are greater (from −16% to +55%, with greatest decreases in July and August, greatest increases in May and June) and result from complex and contrasting intra-basin changes in precipitation, evaporation and snow storage/melt. Whilst overall results are highly GCM dependent (in both direction and magnitude), this uncertainty is primarily driven by differences in GCM projections of future precipitation. In contrast, there is strong consistency between GCMs in terms of both increased potential evapotranspiration and a shift to an earlier and less substantial snowmelt season. Indeed, in the upper Mekong (Lancang sub-basin), the temperature-related signal in discharge is strong enough to overwhelm the precipitation-related uncertainty in the direction of change in discharge, with scenarios from all GCMs leading to increased river flow from April–June, and decreased flow from July–August.

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