scholarly journals Desterritorializado, híbrido y fragmentado: el protagonista en la novela centroamericana de posguerra

LETRAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
José Luis Escamilla Rivera
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central American ◽  
Main Character ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Testimonial Novel

La novela centroamericana se escribe desde las referencias históricas, políticas y culturales de la denominada etapa de posguerra. A diferencia de etapas previas se trata de una propuesta discursiva con rasgos particulares bien identificables. En este estudio se analiza un corpus de novelas de Guatemala, El Salvador y Nicaragua, publicadas entre 1990 y 2002. Se concentra en la configuración del personaje protagonista, y se señalan los procedimientos de una elaboración novelística, procedimientos que se apartan de otras manifestaciones anteriores, especialmente de la literatura testimonial. The Central American novel is based on historical, political and cultural references of the so-called postwar stage. Different from earlier stages, this discourse option has easily identifiable features. A corpus of Guatemalan, Salvadoran and Nicaraguan novels published between 1990 and 2002 has been analyzed here. The focus is on the configuration of the main character and procedures used when writing these novels, procedures which differ from those used previously, in particular those of the testimonial novel.

The United States and the Rise of General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Grieb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
American Politics ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Central American ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Military

The militarycoup d'étatwhich installed General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez as President of El Salvador during December 1931 created a crisis involving the 1923 Washington Treaties. By the terms of these accords, the Central American nadons had pledged to withhold recognition from governments seizing power through force in any of the isthmian republics. Although not a signatory of the treaty, the United States based its recognition policy on this principle. Through this means the State Department had attempted to impose some stability in Central America, by discouraging revolts. With the co-operation of the isthmian governments, United States diplomats endeavored to bring pressure to bear on the leaders of any uprising, to deny them the fruits of their victory, and thus reduce the constant series ofcoupsandcounter-coupsthat normally characterized Central American politics.

Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 885-887
Author(s):  
M. C. Pineda De Carias
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Central American ◽  
University Staff ◽  
National University ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Observational Techniques ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics

Recently, important efforts have been made to organize and consolidate the Assembly of Central American Astronomers (AAAC), an organization created to contribute to the development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central America, with the help of international cooperation; the Central American Courses in Astronomy and Astrophysics, have been hosted each year by a different national university in Central America (1995: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, 1996: Universidad de El Salvador, 1997: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, and 1998: Universidad de Panama). These courses aimed to provide an exchange of knowledge and experience among university staff and students interested in continuing studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Regional Observational Campaigns have been organized to train young astronomers in the use of astronomical equipment and observational techniques. It seems that the broad development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central American as a whole, will be possible only when nuclei of astronomers in each of the countries concerned begin to develop many more activities, countries As part of the III Central American Course on Astronomy and Astrophysics (III-CURCAA, April 1997, Guatemala), in a forum about Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America, several important conclusions were stated. In this paper we present the six most relevant conclusions discussed there.

The Hundred-Hour War, 1969: A Military History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez Pineda
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central American ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Decisive Victory ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

The 1969 conflict between Honduras and El Salvador signaled the weakening of the Central American economic integration process; marked an end to an era of economic growth, industrialization, and political openness; and inaugurated a new chapter, characterized by growing political polarization and violence. There is a prevailing consensus about the significance that this conflict had as a breaking point and historical turnaround. The roots of the crisis between both states, commercial partners and members of a regional political-military alliance, lie in the drastic changes introduced by the Honduran government in its migratory and agrarian policies. These changes sought to contain the massive migration from El Salvador and to reduce by all means necessary, including by violent dispossession, the Salvadoran presence in Honduras. A ferocious anti-Salvadoran media campaign preceded and accompanied the massive expulsion of Salvadorans. Alarmed by the destabilizing effect that a return en masse of poor Salvadoran peasants could bring to the country, and facing an intransigent Honduran government, the leadership in El Salvador decided to resolve the conflict through war. Once this began, both countries mobilized their military forces for over one hundred hours of bloody fighting in July 1969. Although neither country won a decisive victory on the battlefield, at the moment the ceasefire was imposed the military situation amply favored El Salvador. The political, economic, military, and diplomatic consequences of the war had a profound impact during the 1970s and beyond the signing of the peace agreement early in the 1980s. On the one hand, the recounting of the war, full of falsifications and half-truths, continues to play an important role in Honduran nationalism. On the other hand, for Salvadorans the war is an almost forgotten memory.

Violence in Times of Peace: A Reading of Jubilee from the Northern Triangle of Central America

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Central American ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
The World

The Northern Triangle of Central America is one of the most violent regions in the world. Although the violence has a long history, the countries of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador are currently experiencing a critical situation with a new threat: criminal gangs. This article explores regional violence and elaborates a peacebuilding proposal based on a reading of the concept of jubilee. Jubilee is explained via the categories of inclusion, reconciliation and rest. The article concludes that for the countries of the northern Central American triangle, the application of jubilee principles represents true peace in times of peace.

scholarly journals Falling Outside: Excavating the History of Central American Asylum Seekers

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 569-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bibler Coutin
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Central American ◽  
Central Americans ◽  
Asylum Law ◽  
Legal Advocacy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Periods

This article takes a retrospective look at legal advocacy on behalf of Central American asylum seekers, which has been influential in the development of US asylum law and in the creation of an infrastructure to address immigrants' needs. The article considers three time periods when Central Americans have been deemed to fall outside of the category of refugee: (1) the 1980s, when US administrations argued that Central Americans were economic immigrants; (2) the 1990s, when civil wars in El Salvador and Guatemala came to an end; and (3) the 2000s, when some Salvadoran youths in removal proceedings have argued that they faced persecution as perceived or actual gang members. This retrospective analysis highlights the ways in which law can be creatively reinterpreted by legal actors, as well as how legal innovations carry forward traces of prior historical moments.

The Franciscan Provinces of Spanish North America

1945 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Marion A. Habig
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central American

The same year (1565) in which the territory north of the Holy Gospel Province was made a separate Province, the Central American countries were separated from the Yucatan Province and organized into a new Province, that of the Most Holy Name. Ten years later, the latter was further divided, and the province of St. George was erected including Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Honduras, which was made a Custody of St. George Province in 1587, was subsequently reunited with the Guatemala Province.

Refugee surge creates Belize security fears

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
To Receive

Subject Belize migration and security. Significance High levels of gang-related violence, and a tougher approach to migration in the United States, have sparked a surge in refugees seeking to enter Belize from the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. However, Belizean authorities are reluctant to receive them, citing concerns about the potential for increased gang activity. Impacts Belize’s location could see it become an important transit point in the international drug trade. There is potential for conflict between Central American and Belizean gangs. Costa Rica’s strong institutions make it relatively well equipped to deal with an influx of refugees.

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