Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Serum Lipid Metabolism in Normocholesterolemic and Hypercholesterolemic Stroke-Prone SHR (SHRSP)

(1) Effects of dietary treatment of male albino rats with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid on hepatic mitochondrial lipid metabolism have been investigated. (2) Mitochondria isolated from rats given these treatments were shown to have increased ability to respire on acyl-CoA esters in the presence of malonate. This effect was expressed with most of the long-chain acyl-CoA esters used as substrates. When malonate in the incubations was replaced with malate, mitochondria from treated animals were found to exhibit diminished rates of respiration on polyunsaturated acyl-CoA esters, in particular linolenoyl-, eicosapentaenoyl- and docosahexaenoyl-CoA. This phenomenon could not be attributed to changes in activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I or in peroxisomal β-oxidation. (3) Uncoupled respiration on glutamate, malate or succinate was also affected by treatment with EPA. With liver mitochondria isolated from rats that had been treated with a ω-3 fatty acid in the fasted state, the respiratory rates were lower than those observed with mitochondria isolated from control rats. Respiratory rates with mitochondria isolated from rats given the ω-3 fatty acid in the fed state was not significantly different from control rates. (4) In rats treated with EPA in the fed state, the amount of EPA incorporated into mitochondrial lipids was markedly more increased as compared to rats given ω-3 fatty acid in the fasted state. Incorporation of dietary EPA into tissue lipids was investigated, also following mildronate treatment of rats (an inhibitor of carnitine biosynthesis). (5) A hypolipidaemic effect of dietary EPA was only observed when the fatty acid was given to fed rats. Rats treated with EPA in the fasted state, in contrast, exhibited hypoglycaemia, the hypolipidaemic effects now being absent. (6) These results suggest that hypolipidaemia is most pronounced when the metabolic state favours incorporation of dietary EPA into body lipids rather than its β-oxidation, as mediated by the fed/fasted transition or by treatment with mildronate.

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HIGHER DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID LEVELS LOWER THE PROTECTIVE IMPACT OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ON LONG-TERM MACE IN THOSE WITH AND WITHOUT ANGIOGRAPHIC CAD

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02811-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (18) ◽

pp. 1453

Author(s):

Viet T. Le ◽

Stacey Knight ◽

Kirk Knowlton ◽

Raymond McCubrey ◽

Jeramie D. Watrous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

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Effect of growth rate on the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid content of Isochrysis galbana in chemostat culture

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/bf00166076 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

E. Molina Grima ◽

J. A. S�nchez P�rez ◽

F. Garc�a Camacho ◽

J. M. Fern�ndez Sevilla ◽

F. G. Aci�n Fern�ndez

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Chemostat Culture ◽

Isochrysis Galbana

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Inhibition of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by synthetic phosphatidylcholine species containing eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid in the sn-2 position.

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41513-5 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 879-887

Author(s):

JS Parks ◽

TY Thuren ◽

JD Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽

Acyltransferase Activity

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Synthesis of 8-HEPE and 10-HDoHE in both (R)- and (S)-Forms via Wittig Reactions with COOH-Ylides

Synlett ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1611976 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (03) ◽

pp. 338-342

Author(s):

Yuta Suganuma ◽

Shun Saito ◽

Yuichi Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Wittig Reaction ◽

Phosphonium Salt ◽

Wittig Reactions

Wittig reactions using carboxy (CO2H) ylides derived from a carboxylic phosphonium salt and NaN(TMS)2 (NaHMDS) in a 1:1 ratio were applied to the synthesis of 8-HEPE and 10-HDoHE, which are metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. The attempted Wittig reaction of 3-(TBS-oxy)pentadeca-4E,6Z,9Z,12Z-tetraenal with the carboxy ylide (2 equiv) derived from Br– Ph3P+(CH2)4CO2H and NaHMDS (1:1) competed with the elimination of the TBS-oxy group at C3 to give a mixture of the Wittig product and the elimination product in 45–50% and 30–40% yields, respectively. The elimination was suppressed completely by using three equiv of the carboxy ylides in THF/HMPA (7–8:1), and the subsequent desilylation gave 8-HEPE in (R)- and (S)-forms. Similarly, both enantiomers of 10-HDoHE were synthesized.

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Derivation and validation of a lipid-covered prognostic model for mature T-cell lymphomas

Cancer Cell International ◽

10.1186/s12935-021-02042-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tiange Lu ◽

Lei Shi ◽

Guanggang Shi ◽

Yiqing Cai ◽

Shunfeng Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

T Cell ◽

Scoring System ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Prognostic Model ◽

Validation Cohort ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

T Cell Lymphomas

Abstract Background Mature T-cell lymphomas (MTCLs), a group of diseases with high aggressiveness and vulnerable prognosis, lack for the accurate prognostic stratification systems at present. Novel prognostic markers and models are urgently demanded. Aberrant lipid metabolism is closely related to the tumor progression but its prognostic significance in MTCLs remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dysregulated lipid metabolism and survival prognosis of MTCLs and establish a novel and well-performed prognostic scoring system for MTCL patients. Methods A total of 173 treatment-naive patients were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the prognostic significance of serum lipid profiles and screen out independent prognostic factors, which constituted a novel prognostic model for MTCLs. The performance of the novel model was assessed in the training and validation cohort, respectively, by examining its calibration, discrimination and clinical utility. Results Among the 173 included patients, 115 patients (01/2006–12/2016) constituted the training cohort and 58 patients (01/2017–06/2020) formed the validation cohort. Univariate analysis revealed declined total cholesterol (TC, P = 0.000), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, P = 0.000) and increased triglycerides (TG, P = 0.000) correlated to inferior survival outcomes. Multivariate analysis revealed extranodal involved sites ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.439; P = 0.036), β2-MG ≥ 3 mg/L (HR: 4.165; P = 0.003) and TC < 3.58 mmol/L (HR: 3.338; P = 0.000) were independent predictors. Subsequently, a novel prognostic model, EnBC score, was constructed with these three factors. Harrell’s C-index of the model in the training and validation cohort was 0.840 (95% CI 0.810–0.870) and 0.882 (95% CI 0.822–0.942), respectively, with well-fitted calibration curves. The model divided patients into four risk groups with distinct OS [median OS: not available (NA) vs. NA vs. 14.0 vs. 4.0 months, P < 0.0001] and PFS (median PFS: 84.0 vs. 19.0 vs. 8.0 vs. 1.5 months, P < 0.0001). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis further revealed that EnBC score provided higher diagnostic capacity and clinical benefit, compared with International Prognostic Index (IPI). Conclusion Firstly, abnormal serum lipid metabolism was demonstrated significantly related to the survival of MTCL patients. Furthermore, a lipid-covered prognostic scoring system was established and performed well in stratifying patients with MTCLs.

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Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19020113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Marine Remize ◽

Yves Brunel ◽

Joana L. Silva ◽

Jean-Yves Berthon ◽

Edith Filaire

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Global Warming ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Human Health ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Food And Feed

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.

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