scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse Recurrence: A Narrative Review

CommonHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Rachel Wildfeuer ◽  
Julia Kobulsky ◽  
José Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Family Social Support

Child sexual abuse recurrence can have a detrimental and devastating effect on victims. Less is known, however, about the risk and protective factors associated with child sexual abuse recurrence. In order to better understand these risk and protective factors, a narrative review was conducted of the current literature. Academic databases, cited references, and reference lists were searched for peer-reviewed research that focused on sexual abuse recurrence prior to age 18 years. The risk and protective factors identified in the literature were organized into four a priori categories based on an ecological systems framework: child, characteristics of the maltreatment, family, and community/social systems. Examples of risk factors at each level were child mental health concerns (child), the perpetrator being the mother’s significant other (characteristics of the maltreatment), parental history of sexual abuse (family), and active or prior child welfare involvement (community/social systems). Only two protective factors were identified, both regarding the family: family social support and a parent believing the child’s report of the initial victimization. There were mixed or inconclusive findings for several factors. Overall, the review indicates that tertiary prevention, including child-, caregiver-, and perpetrator-focused strategies, should be employed to mitigate the risk factors and enhance the protective factors for child sexual abuse recurrence. Further research is needed to address protective factors and community/social systems factors and could, building on this narrative review, involve a systematic review of the child sexual abuse recurrence literature.

Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Revictimization After Child Sexual Abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle A. J. Scoglio ◽  
Shane W. Kraus ◽  
Jane Saczynski ◽  
Shehzad Jooma ◽  
Beth E. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The United States

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread public health problem in the United States. It has been associated with multiple long-term deleterious outcomes including revictimization in adulthood. This systematic review of 25 studies synthesizes research examining possible risk and protective factors that might explain the established link between CSA and future victimizations. Specific risk factors identified included co-occurring maltreatment in the home, risky sexual behavior (particularly in adolescence), post-traumatic stress disorder, emotion dysregulation, and other maladaptive coping strategies. Only one protective factor was identified: perceived parental care. The review also revealed considerable variability in definitions and measurement of both CSA and adult victimization, particularly in terms of how researchers conceptualized age. Many of the studies were limited in generalizability by including only college-age women. These findings have clinical and research implications. Public health interventions working to prevent revictimization among CSA survivors can utilize these findings when designing programs. For researchers, the results highlight the need for standardized definitions of both CSA and revictimization, for well-validated and consistent measurement, and for inclusion of additional population groups in future research.

scholarly journals Doctors and Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors in Workplace Violence and Burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Giménez Lozano ◽  
Juan Pedro Martínez Ramón ◽  
Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership

The present study aims analyze the risk factors that lead to high levels of burnout among nurses and physicians and the protective factors that prevent them. Thus, it is also intended to explore the possible correlation between physical and verbal violence produced at work and the symptoms derived from burnout. Methods: The search was carried out on the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2019 (on which date the bibliographic search ends). Descriptive studies estimating the prevalence of workplace violence and risk and protective factors and burnout were included. An adapted version of the Downs and Black quality checklist was used for article selection. 89.6 percent of the studies analysed were in the health sector. There is a significant correlation between burnout symptoms and physical violence at work. On the one hand, the risk factors that moderate this correlation were of structural/organisational type (social support, quality of the working environment, authoritarian leadership, little autonomy or long working days, etc.) and personal type (age, gender, nationality or academic degree, etc.). On the other hand, protective factors were the quality of the working environment, mutual support networks or coping strategies. The results were analysed in-depth and intervention strategies were proposed.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse and Negative Affect as Shared Risk Factors for Sexual Aggression and Sexual HIV Risk Behavior in Heterosexual Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoё D. Peterson ◽  
Erick Janssen ◽  
David Goodrich ◽  
J. Dennis Fortenberry ◽  
Devon J. Hensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Shared Risk

Treatment Issues in Child Sexual Abuse

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danya Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Many

Child sexual abuse is a commonly encountered and often emotionally damaging experience, maintained by secrecy and followed by denial after disclosure. Treatment in this field involves both the child and the family in a variety of treatment settings and modalities, often proceeding in parallel. Child developmental considerations dictate that treatment often proceeds in phases. It aims to protect the child from further abuse and the consequences of disclosure, and address the trauma and context of the abuse. Careful planning and co-operation is required by the many professionals working in this stressful area in order to avoid confusion, conflicts, and splits which may mirror relationships in the family. The heterogeneity of the problem is reflected in the fact that treatment cannot be offered in a uniform programme. Legal issues may influence the treatment process. Evaluation of treatment modalities, the identification of protective factors and achieving long-term adjustment in the least detrimental manner offer challenges in this newly developing field.

Focusing Our View of Dyslexia Through a Multifactorial Lens: A Commentary

2020 ◽  
pp. 073194872093900
Author(s):  
Donald L. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Multifactorial Model ◽  
Special Series ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic

Multifactorial models of dyslexia have expanded how we consider heterogeneity within the population of children with dyslexia. These models are predicated on the idea that cognitive/linguistic risk factors are not deterministic but instead probabilistic, with the likelihood of difficulties involving an interaction between risk and protective factors that include both exogenous and endogenous influences. In this commentary a multifactorial model perspective is applied to examine, based on the six papers that make up the special series, the potential utility of such models to clarify issues of etiology, identification, and instruction of children with dyslexia. This approach seems to suggest that multifactorial models of dyslexia have potential to significantly expand our understanding of etiology with less immediate promise for identification and instruction.

Child Sexual Abuse: An Overview

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Mullen ◽  
Neville J. King ◽  
Bruce J. Tonge
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis overview examines the nature, prevalence, and impact of child sexual abuse. Associations and potential risk factors are identified, thus showing that child sexual abuse is not randomly distributed through the population. Finally, we discuss the ways in which clinicians and researchers have conceptualised the impact of child sexual abuse. A social and developmental model is outlined.

Resilience in Child Sexual Abuse:Role of Protective Factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Divya Ravindran ◽  
Janardhana N ◽  
Indiramma V
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Sexual Abuse Victims

Child sexual abuse is a major public health problem with significant psychosocial consequences (Afifi & Macmillan, 2011). All child sexual abuse victims do not depict adverse consequences in later life. The variability of impact in a potentially traumatic experience like child sexual abuse is explained by the construct of resilience and it being the outcome of the influence of certain protective factors (Henley, 2010). The present article conceptualizes resilience in the area of child sexual abuse where individual, familial and community level factors are identified as predictors to fostering resilience. Formulation and development of effective interventions to reduce the impairment following child sexual abuse and to foster resilience in children, adolescents and survivors are recommended.

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