scholarly journals Effects of filler type and content on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of waste casting polyamide 6 (W-PA6G)-based wood plastic composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-668
Author(s):  
Belgin Şeker Hirçin ◽  
Hüseyin Yörür ◽  
Fatih Mengeloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Lignocellulosic Filler ◽  
Butyl Benzene

Cast polyamide 6 (PA6G), trade name Castamide, is a semi-crystalline polymer widely used in the engineering plastics industry. There is a need to recycle valuable waste (W)-PA6G generated during part manufacturing of this polymer (approximately 30%). This study attempts to utilize W-PA6G in the manufacture of wood-plastic composites as a polymeric matrix. The effect of lignocellulosic filler type (FT) and filler content (FC) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of W-PA6G-based composites were investigated. During manufacturing, N-butyl benzene sulfonamide (N-BBSA) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were utilized as a plasticizer and a melt temperature-lowering salt, respectively. The rice husk (RH) and Uludağ fir wood flour (WF) filled W-PA6G-based composites were successfully manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding. Compared to RH filled composites, WF filled composites provided better tensile and flexural properties (both strength and modulus) at 20% and 30% filler contents. Morphological study showed the nonhomogeneous distribution of fillers in the polymeric matrix. Lignocellulosic filler resulted in reduced melting temperature and crystallinity of W-PA6G-based composites. This reduction was more pronounced in RH filled composites.

The Effect of MBS Toughening for Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites under Environmental Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsing Chen ◽  
Chin-Lung Chiang ◽  
Wei-Jen Chen ◽  
Ming-Yuan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Environmental Aging

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are a promising environmentally friendly material refers to composite that contain plant powders or fibers as reinforcement and plastic matrix. In this study, an epoxy resin and Methyl metharylate-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer (MBS) were used as a compatibilizer and toughener and were filled into recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and recycled polyamide 6 (PA6) blends (PET/PA6) and filled with wood flour to prepare the WPCs. The mechanical properties of the WPCs, including the tensile, flexural, and impact properties, with different mixing ratio polymer blends of PET to PA6 (E60/A40, E50/A50, and E40/A60) were investigated under different environmental aging conditions. The experimental results showed that different environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, markedly changed the mechanical properties of the WPCs with different mixing ratio polymer blends. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for the interface of the WPCs were identified by studying the fracture surfaces with field emission scanning electron microscopy.

Optimizing torque rheometry parameters for assessing the rheological characteristics and extrusion processability of wood plastic composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxin Feng ◽  
Zewen Li ◽  
Zhouyi Wang ◽  
Bingren Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Torque Rheometry ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Shear Heating

The rheological behavior of wood plastic composites’ (WPCs’) melts is closely associated with extrusion processability, especially in highly filled systems. This study investigated the extrusion processibility and the effects of test conditions and typical WPC additives on the torque rheological behavior of wood flour/high-density polyethylene (WF/HDPE) mixing melts compounded using a twin-screw extruder. Both equilibrium melt temperature ( Te) and equilibrium torque ( Ma) at steady state increased with WF content. Addition of 2% lubricant TPW604 based on the total weight of WF and HDPE matrix resulted in a decrease in measured Te and Ma, showing a reduction in shear heating in mixing chamber. Adding 4% maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizer resulted in an increase in measured Te and Ma. In this study, adding lubricant TPW604 and/or compatibilizer MAPE can improve the extrusion processability of highly filled WF/HDPE melts. For a WPC system with preset compositions, its Ma value can be used to evaluate its extrusion processability. The results provide both knowledge about the compounding procedure and practical methods for evaluating the effectiveness of WPC additives, the flow performance, and extrusion processability of highly filled WPC melts.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Thermal Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites as Flat Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (ICRIE) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel Mahmood Mussa ◽  
◽  
Tawfeeq Wasmi M. Salih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Pine Trees

The aim of this research is investigating the thermal properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) in the form of flat panels. The study has included many properties such as: thermal conductivity, thermal stability, thermal expansion and melting point. The WPCs have made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) incorporated with wood flour taken from pine trees. The studied concentrations of wood flour in the composites are (10, 20 or 30 %). The work was performed experimentally by manufacturing the specimens and measuring the thermal properties. The results show that the addition of 10% wood flour to the composite, leads to a reduction in the thermal conductivity of 4-10%, a reduction in thermal expansion of 8-12%, and an increase in the melting point of (2-3°C) for both HDPE and PP wood composites. It was found that wood could be used with plastics that have low melting points, such as: HDPE, LDPE, PP, PVDF and PA, to ensure high thermal stability.

Effects of Various Types of Modified Nanoclay on The Physical, Mechanical, and Viscoelastic Characteristics of Lignocellulosic Filler-Reinforced PVC Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dahmardeh Ghalehno ◽  
Behzad Kord ◽  
Laleh Adlnasab
Keyword(s):  
Wood Flour ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clay Nanoparticles ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristics ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Lignocellulosic Filler ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Abstract The objective of this research was to comprehensively compare the effects of two different types of nanoclay, namely layered double hydroxide (LDH) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) on the physical, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of compression-molded composite panels fabricated from wood flour (WF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To achieve the desired properties in the composites, the clay nanoparticles were modified with surfactant (mLDH and mHNT) before usage. The results showed that the composite specimens with mLDH exhibited higher tensile and flexural properties (strength and moduli) than with mHNT at low content. However, at high content, the composite specimens with mHNT presented greater hydrophobicity. The DMTA results indicated that the composite specimens with mLDH demonstrated better molecular restriction and larger storage modulus than with mHNT. Besides, the loss-tangent (tan δ) peak was shifted to a higher temperature for the samples including both mLDH and mHNT than without ones. Morphological observations showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly dispersed uniformly within the polymer matrix. Overall, it is found that the addition of 3 phc mLDH clay was the most effective in the composite formulation; it has significantly enhanced the properties of the wood-plastic composites.

In situ fabrication of wood flour/nano silica hybrid and its application in polypropylene‐based wood‐plastic composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbin Ma ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Bai Huang ◽  
Huaishuai Jing ◽  
Zijin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wood Flour ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
In Situ Fabrication ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Silica Hybrid

scholarly journals Properties of Fibrillated Wood Flour, and of Wood-plastic Composites Made with Fibrillated Wood Flour

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Ito ◽  
Shinji Ogoe ◽  
Masaki Okamoto ◽  
Shigehiko Suzuki ◽  
Yoichi Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

Properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) reinforced with extracted and delignified wood flour

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Nicole M. Stark ◽  
Mandla A. Tshabalala ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Yongming Fan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design

Abstract The water sorption and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) made of extracted and delignified wood flour (WF) has been investigated. WF was prepared by extraction with the solvent systems toluene/ethanol (TE), acetone/water (AW), and hot water (HW), and its delignification was conducted by means of sodium chlorite/acetic acid (AA) solution. A 24 full-factorial experimental design was employed to determine the effects of treatments and treatment combinations. WPCs were prepared with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and treated WF was prepared by means of extrusion followed by injection molding, and the water absorption characteristics and mechanical properties of the products were evaluated. WPCs produced with extracted WF had lower water absorption rates and better mechanical properties than those made of untreated WF. WPCs containing delignified WF had higher water absorption rates and improved mechanical performance compared with those made of untreated WF.

Mechanical and thermal properties of wood-plastic composites reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Turker Dundar ◽  
Alperen Kaymakci ◽  
Ferhat Ozdemir ◽  
Jin Heon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

Effects of the Size of Wood Flour on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Huang ◽  
Hu Hu Du ◽  
Wei Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

In this article, wood-plastic composites(WPCs) were manufactured with wood flour(80～120mesh、40～80mesh、20～40mesh、10～20mesh) combing with high density polyethylene(HDPE). Effects of the size of wood flour on mechanical properies and density of composites were investigated. Results showed that particle size of wood flour had an important effect on properitiesof WPCs. Change of mesh number had a outstanding effect on flexural modulus, tensile modulus and impact strength, howere, little effect on flexural strength and tensile strength. When mesh number of wood flour changed from 80～120mesh to 10～20mesh,flexural modulus and tensile modulus were respectively enhanced by 42.4% and 28.4%, respectively, and impact strength was decreased by 35.5%.Size of wood flour basically had no effect on density of composite within 10～120mesh. The use of wood flour or fiber as fillers and reinforcements in thermoplastics has been gaining acceptance in commodity plastics applications in the past few years. WPCs are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in use. Most of them are used to produce window/door profiles,decking,railing,ang siding. Wood thermoplastic composites are manufactured by dispering wood fiber or wood flour(WF) into molten plastics to form composite materials by processing techniques such as extrusion,themoforming, and compression or injection molding[1]. WPCs have such advantages[2]：(1)With wood as filler can improve heat resistance and strength of plastic, and wood has a low cost, comparing with inorganic filler, wood has a low density. Wood as strengthen material has a great potential in improving tensile strength and flexural modulus[3]；(2) For composite of same volume, composites with wood as filler have a little abrasion for equipment and can be regenerated；(3)They have a low water absorption and low hygroscopic property, They are not in need of protective waterproof paint, at the same time, composite can be dyed and painted for them own needs；(4)They are superior to wood in resistantnce to crack、leaf mold and termite aspects, composites are the same biodegradation as wood；(5)They can be processed or connected like wood；（6）They can be processed into a lots of complicated shape product by means of extrusion or molding and so on, meanwhile, they have high-efficiency raw material conversion and itself recycle utilization[4]. While there are many sucesses to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials: one hygroscopic(biomass) and one hydrophobic(plastic), so there are issues of phase separation and compatibilization[5]. In this paper, Effects of the size of wood powder on mechanical properties of WPCs were studied.

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