scholarly journals Aristotle and Johnston on Hylomorphism and the Character of Objects

Problemos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Christos Y. Panayides
Keyword(s):  
Relational Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Account

As M. Loux has recently reminded us, there are two basic strategies for explaining the character of particular objects, the ‘relational approach’ and the ‘constituent approach’. The prime example of a constituent approach would be Aristotelian hylomorphism. This article reveals three things. First, it gives a roadmap towards what the author considers to be the exegetically correct reconstruction of Aristotle’s hylomorphic theory. Second, it provides a presentation of the basic claims of a neo-Aristotelian hylomorphic theory, the one argued for by M. Johnston. Finally, it argues that regardless of whatever shortcomings it may have, Aristotle’s theory has an advantage over that proposed by Johnston. Unlike Johnston’s theory, it may give us a complete account of the character of a particular object.

scholarly journals The Development, Morphology and Budding of the Ascidian Diazona

1948 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Present Account ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Account

Diazona is represented in European waters only by Diazona violacea Savigny. It is a compound ascidian forming massive colonies of spectacular size and appearance. In many ways it is the most interesting of all ascidians, for in its adult structure it straddles two commonly accepted orders and in itself is a strong argument against such a division; it is the only oviparous and small egged compound ascidian, two features undoubtedly primitive; and its manner of budding is the simplest and probably is the basic type for the group as a whole. Only fragmentary descriptions of the morphology and reproduction exist, and a more or less complete account of the various stages of the life cycle may be of some value. The family Diazonidae includes, in addition to Diazona itself, the genera Tylobranchion of subantarctic regions, and Rhopalea of Mediterranean and northern waters. In its entirety Diazona appears to link with such divergent forms as Ciona on the one hand and Archidistoma on the other. The fact that Diazona is obtained by dredging in relatively swift offshore waters and lives poorly in an aquarium probably accounts for the existing unsatisfactory state of knowledge of most of its phases. Most of what is known concerns asexual reproduction; and attention has been given, at various times, primarily to the process of regeneration, rather than bud formation, for example by Della Valle (1884), Caullery (1914), Oka (1906) under the name Aphanobranchion, and by Salfi (1926).The material of the present account was collected at various times in the Plymouth area from the Mewstone and Eddystone grounds.

Gli approcci teorici per lo studio dei personal network

2012 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Paola Di Nicola
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Operational Impacts ◽  
Classical Sociology

The subject of this essay is an analysis of the most significant theoretical approaches that have affected the personal networks, with the aim to demonstrate that interest in the personal networks created with the late modernity that has accelerated the process of individuation and individualism. The purpose of this essay will be to demonstrate that the relational approach is the one that best approximates the study of interpersonal networks and that, in terms of explanation and understanding of the latest social dynamics, never as in this moment is strategic to put a specific emphasis on interpersonal relationships. To achieve these goals, after seeing how the classical sociology dealt with personal networks, we present the relational approach, which can find in the network analysis its specific methodological complements, then we conclude with a reflection on the operational impacts of some recent empirical researches.

scholarly journals Oscillatory motion of a fluid along a circular tube

1938 ◽  
Vol 168 (934) ◽  
pp. 351-378 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Oscillatory Motion ◽  
Uniform Tube ◽  
The One ◽  
Oscillation Viscometer ◽  
Exact Temperature ◽  
Complete Account

1. This paper deals with oscillatory motions of a viscous incompressible fluid in a uniform circular tube. The oscillations may either be free or forced by a pulsating pressure, control coming in both instances from the "gravity head" which results from the passage of fluid. They are closely analogous with mechanical and electrical oscillations, but the theory is complicated by the circumstance that the fluid does not oscillate as a rigid body, its velocity ranging between a zero value at the wall and a maximum value at the axis of the tube. Our interest in the problem originated in a notion that oscillatory motion, either "free" or "forced", might be made the basis of a new method of viscometry. Of existing methods, all which aim at high accuracy appear (following the pioneer methods of Poiseuille 1840-I) to take advantage of the known solution for steady flow along a straight and uniform tube. Commercial viscometers employ the same prinicple, but the tube (for convenience) is made relatively short, and the motion is not steady, since the "head" of the fluid is changing throughout the tests. On this account their measurements are comparative rather than absolute; for since the motion is not calculable by theory they must be calibrated with the aid of fluids whose viscosity is known. They have the advantage (compared with Poiseuille's method) of not requiring a large amount of the fluid under test; but it is difficult to be certain of the exact temperature of the oil while it is passing through the tubular orifice, and this is a serious disadvantage in view of the rapidity with which the viscosity of oils decreases with increase of temperature. Our notion was that a method involving pulsating instead of steady flow on the one hand would have some claim to be regarded as an absolute method. This is not the place for a complete account of the resulting "oscillation viscometer", but such features as have a bearing on the fundamental problem of this paper receive brief notice in part II; Part I deals with theory and Part III with experimental results.

KINETIC EQUATION FOR A PLASMA IN A STRONG STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Strong Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Collision Term ◽  
The One ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Complete Account

The present work represents a significant improvement on our earlier work dealing with the formulation of a kinetic equation for a plasma in a "strong" static magnetic field B. Here without making any assumptions concerning the isotropy of the one- and two-particle distribution functions in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, a kinetic equation is derived in which the collision term is valid to all orders in 1/B and takes complete account of the effect of the strong magnetic field on the collisions.

scholarly journals IV.—The So-called Serpentines of the Lleyn

1892 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Raisin
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
University College ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Account

In the south-west of the Lleyn peninsula, the country inland is generally covered by drift, but the Survey map marks some isolated patches of rock as “Serpentine.” When I first visited the district, with the kind encouragement of Professor Bonney, under whom I was continuing my work at University College, I made a collection of these so-called “Serpentines” from ten different localities. The one at Porth din lleyn had been shown by Professor Bonney to be mainly diabase, and others of the examples have been since described in a previous number of this Magazine and elsewhere, but we have yet no complete account. I have, therefore, attempted to give a short summary, as preliminary to some discussion of the district.

The Essence of Reference

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Reference Relation ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Account

People use words and concepts to refer to things. There are agents who refer, there are acts of referring, and there are tools to refer with: words and concepts. Reference is a relation between people and things, and also between words or concepts and things, and perhaps it involves all three things at once. It is not just any relation between an action or word and a thing; the list of things which can refer, people, words and concepts, is probably not complete (scenes in more recent movies can refer to scenes in less recent movies); and a complete account would need to speak of cases in which the reference relation seems to involve three terms in a different way from the one already mentioned. In the philosophy of language, it has been customary to think of reference as a two-place relation, with some object as the second term and a word or phrase as the first.

The semantics of modal verbs

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Boyd ◽  
J. P. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Account ◽  
The Way

In this paper we propose an analysis of the semantic structure of modal sentences in English. Central to this analysis is the notion of ‘speech act’. The notion of speech act derives principally from the work of J. L. Austin (cf. especially Austin, 1962). Austin is particularly concerned with the use of sentences like I promise to go, I bet you sixpence and I name this ship ‘Queen Elizabeth’. One of his main purposes is to show that it is a mistake to class these sentences with sentences like John is running as statements. To utter the sentence I promise to go is not to make a statement about or to report some inner condition of mind or consciousness. It is to perform the act of promising, just as to say I bet you sixpence is to perform the act of betting. Indeed, in the case of these kinds of acts (promising, betting, naming, etc.) it is difficult to see how one could engage in them without using sentences of this kind. Austin calls verbs like promise, bet and name ‘performative’ verbs. It follows from this account that verbs like say, state and assert are also performative verbs. So that the mistake involved in classing I promise to go with John is running is not that in uttering the first sentence one is performing an act and in uttering the second one is not (ignoring the uninteresting fact that the act of vocalizing is common to both), but that the speaker is performing a different act in each case—in the one case promising and in the other stating. The fact that in the case of the utterance John is running the performative verb state does not occur, so that what Austin terms its ‘illocutionary force’ is not explicitly marked in the way in which the utterance I promise to go is explicitly marked as having the illocutionary force of a promise by the words I promise, while giving rise to certain difficult problems,2 does not affect Austin's main point, which is that a complete account of the meaning of a sentence cannot be restricted to semantic analyses as these are usually understood and that they must be extended to include information about the kind of speech act involved in uttering the sentence – that is, its illocutionary force.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Nucleation of Disorder in Fe3Al Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
P. R. Swann ◽  
W. R. Duff ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One

Recently we have investigated the phase equilibria and antiphase domain structures of Fe-Al alloys containing from 18 to 50 at.% Al by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer techniques. This study has revealed that none of the published phase diagrams are correct, although the one proposed by Rimlinger agrees most closely with our results to be published separately. In this paper observations by transmission electron microscopy relating to the nucleation of disorder in Fe-24% Al will be described. Figure 1 shows the structure after heating this alloy to 776.6°C and quenching. The white areas are B2 micro-domains corresponding to regions of disorder which form at the annealing temperature and re-order during the quench. By examining specimens heated in a temperature gradient of 2°C/cm it is possible to determine the effect of temperature on the disordering reaction very precisely. It was found that disorder begins at existing antiphase domain boundaries but that at a slightly higher temperature (1°C) it also occurs by homogeneous nucleation within the domains. A small (∼ .01°C) further increase in temperature caused these micro-domains to completely fill the specimen.

Fundamental Research into Thin Films in a Developing Country

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
J.A. Eades ◽  
E. Grünbaum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Empirical Process ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Controlled Deposition ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

In the last decade and a half, thin film research, particularly research into problems associated with epitaxy, has developed from a simple empirical process of determining the conditions for epitaxy into a complex analytical and experimental study of the nucleation and growth process on the one hand and a technology of very great importance on the other. During this period the thin films group of the University of Chile has studied the epitaxy of metals on metal and insulating substrates. The development of the group, one of the first research groups in physics to be established in the country, has parallelled the increasing complexity of the field.The elaborate techniques and equipment now needed for research into thin films may be illustrated by considering the plant and facilities of this group as characteristic of a good system for the controlled deposition and study of thin films.

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