scholarly journals The Socio-historical Factor Behind Change in Meaning: The Case of Old French

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Rose Sene
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Old French ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Factor ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Evolution

This article is about studying an essential factor in the change of direction. The analysis of the semantic evolution of words in usage makes it possible to compare the meanings of words between different periods in the history of the language. The comparison is made here prospectively, thus going back to the etymological meanings and to the first meanings found in Old French. This shows that the words adapt to the social, historical and cultural situation as well as the expressive needs of its users. Beyond the comparison which puts the etymon and the word in parallel in the context of the 12th century with a feudal society governed by chivalrous values, we notice these semantic changes imbued with the history and the lived experience of the speakers. Words have acquired new meanings from the change of context and to meet the demands of a new context. The history of French therefore teaches us that language is a system subject to change. The evolution of language brings about the evolution of the meaning of words. These changes in meaning take place for different reasons which involve the speaker and which are correlated with context and socio-historical events. Various factors are likely to motivate the passage from one direction to another. The procedures are also varied and always offer surprising results which arouse the curiosity of the researcher. Both should be considered as a whole and analyzed according to usage to judge their relevance. We have learned from this study that the French language, as well as any other language, lives and progresses to meet the need for expression of speakers.

scholarly journals A Man and a Law at the first Tird of the 12th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Mikhail B. Sverdlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Social Content ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The author studies the history of the judicial natural and money forfeit for the criminal offence, moral and social content of this criminal offence in the late tribal Slavic society and in early medieval Russian state the context of the history of the Pravda Russkaya’s content. He analyzes the content of the social and legal policy during the rule of Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh in Kiev or the rule of his son Mstislav. Probably at that time the Vast Pravda Russkaya was issued. It made judicial rights secured of all social strata including women, children, poor men on the principles of social justice and the Evangel. It kept old human tradition of the money forfeit for a crime instead of to cut off any limb or to execute as in Byzantine and in medieval vest European countries.

‘Two men, so dissimilar’: Class, Marriage and Masculinity in George Moore’s Albert Nobbs (1918) and Simone Benmussa’s The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs (1977)

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-63
Author(s):  
Rachel Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Feminist Theatre ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Fantasy ◽  
Second Wave

This chapter examines a critically overlooked literary fiction by an Irish writer whose legacy has tended to be overshadowed by the modernist generation which succeeded him. George Moore’s Albert Nobbs depicts the lives of not one but two female-bodied men working in a Dublin hotel in the 1860s. It provides an alternative origin for a literary history of transgender representation, with an emphasis on lived experience and social reality rather than the historical fantasy of Virginia Woolf’s Orlando, published ten years later. This chapter aims to articulate the ‘transgender capacity’ (David Getsy, 2014) of Moore’s novella, exploring the insights it offers into the social and economic functions of gender. Simone Benmussa’s 1977 stage adaptation, The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs, has been canonised as a classic of feminist theatre; reflection on its critical reception reveals the ways in which transgender motifs have been interpreted in Second Wave feminist contexts.

Historicizing the Lived Experience of Violence: Bryen's Violence in Roman Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 784-792
Author(s):  
Cam Grey
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social History ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Detailed Treatment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
History Of

Ari Byren's Violence in Roman Egypt: A Study in Legal Interpretation (2013) effectively inserts itself into two complementary fields of inquiry and discussion within the field of classical studies. First, it offers a detailed treatment of the social history of small communities in Roman Egypt, providing an important contribution to the study of violence in antiquity—a topic that has gained interest in recent years. Second, it is an extended meditation on the place of violence within a society and law's role in defining and eliminating it.

scholarly journals Den moderne romans middelalderlige rødder

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (103) ◽  
pp. 14-37
Author(s):  
Jørgen Bruhn
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medieval Romance ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
Modern Novel ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Expression ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The Medieval Roots of the Modern NovelIn this article, Jørgen Bruhn has a double target for his investigations. Firstly, he aims at distinguishing between two different historical models for the novel genre: on the one hand, a ‘short’ history which claims that the modern novel was born in the Renaissance. A ‘long’ history, on the other hand, asserts that the novel has a history going back not only to the middle ages but even antiquity. M.M. Bakhtin is a main contributor to a ‘long’ history of the novel, and in order to justify the use of Bakhtinian ideas in the study of the medieval romance, Bruhn points to the crucial insights of Bakhtin’s texts regarding the medieval romance.In the second part of the article Bruhn goes further into a specific romance, Chrétien de Troyes’ Erec et Enide from the second half of the 12th century. There are strong elements of metafictionality, a budding understanding of the social determination of human existence and a clear and sophisticated reflection on generic conventions, including the medieval tendency of referring to oneself as only a mediator or scribe. Therefore, Bruhn concludes that Chrétien’s romances in many ways can be characterized as an early expression of what Bakhtin usually called novelness, and that Chrétien himself must be characterized a modern »author«.

Feminist Philosophy of Social Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Crasnow
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Standpoint Theory ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Feminist Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Research Questions

This chapter offers a preliminary investigation of some of the ways that feminist philosophers have and might continue to learn from, interact with, and ultimately contribute to discussions about key issues in the social sciences. It begins with a brief history of feminist engagement with the social sciences. In next turns to consideration of two areas in which feminist work has made a difference: methodology and concept critique. Feminist standpoint methodology, as used primarily by feminist sociologists, has been influential in both of these areas. The success of standpoint theory as a feminist methodology has motivated philosophical exploration of its relationship to feminist epistemology. Another area in which feminist approaches have had an impact is feminist critique of concepts. The way the objects of inquiry are conceptualized has an impact on what research questions can be answered. Concepts that are inadequate to capturing the lived experience of women may call for revision or replacement. Standpoint theory has been influential in this area as well. The chapter concludes by considering some questions raised by standpoint theory about the identity of knowers and how intersectionality may serve as an analytical tool to aid in addressing that question.

The Economic History of Classical Feudalism (by the Example of France)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Alexandr Khudokormov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Henry Iv ◽  
Controller General ◽  
History Of

A brief course of lectures (introduction and three lectures) is dedicated to the social and economic history of France, as the main country of the medieval era. The course addresses issues of the genesis of the classic French feudalism. Special attention is paid to the problem of formation of the feudal land ownership from allodium and benefice to the hereditary feud (fief). The course interprets the feudal division causes and ways to overcome it, as well as the evolution of the socio-economic characteristics of the main classes of French feudal society, most of all the nobility and dependent peasants. Particular attention is paid to the economic policy of absolutism in France, which was reflected in the work of famous historical figures: King Henry IV, his first minister Maximilien Sully, the Cardinal de Richelieu, the Controller-General of Finances Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

The Lives of Objects

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Museum Studies ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Thing Theory ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ontological Categories

This chapter brings into dialogue a number of materially astute theories and methodologies in the humanities and social sciences to consider how we might conceive of the lives of objects in international law. It begins with everyday lives—the way law and objects are woven into daily existences, drawing on ethnographies of the lived experience of law. Second, it considers the social lives of objects and biographical approaches to the lives of things, making reference to anthropological ideas, museum studies, and history, as well as ‘life writing’ and biography. Third, it considers objects as vibrant, agentive actants, drawing on ideas from Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) and science and technology studies (STS), thing theory, and also recognizing the long legal history of objects as agents. The chapter deliberately seeks to unsettle the legal and ontological categories of subject and object, to provoke reflection on how they are constructed and contested in international law.

The normal life of settlers

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110626
Author(s):  
Marcelo Svirsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Baruch Spinoza ◽  
Political Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theatrical Play ◽  
The One ◽  
Everyday Performance

This paper concerns Let me tell you a story about Israel, a theatrical play tasked with influencing existing perceptions of the Palestine/Israel conflict amongst international audiences. Drawing on the work of philosopher Baruch Spinoza, I explore the complex issue of how to address the need to change people’s political perceptions by using theatre as a form of activist persuasion. The play attempts to create an image of the conflict mostly absent in the commentaries of international observers who are unaware of the full implications of the conflict’s settler colonial character. Typically, they understand it in terms of two sides competing over land, frontiers and recognition. The sense of balance that this perception conveys pre-empts coming to grips with the colonial history of Palestine beginning with the advent of Zionism from late 19th century. Such a view also obscures the nature of current forms of Israeli domination and fails to take into account a major historical factor: that the settler colonial dynamic in Palestine rests on the ways social life in Israel is organised and reproduced. Hence, the play aims to make perceptible the relation between the social mechanisms of subjectivity formation in the Israeli society on the one hand, and the everyday performance of settler colonial power on the other. Making this relation observable is a necessary step towards rethinking where change could possibly come from.

Concurrence structurale, conditions d’appréhensibilité et changement syntaxique: la chute de la structure V2 en français

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Côté
Keyword(s):  
Old French ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
Asymmetrical Structure ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article proposes a solution to two unresolved issues regarding the V2 structure in the history of French: to which type of V2 languages — symmetrical or asymmetrical—does Old French belong, and why did V2 later disappear? It appears that Old French is not homogeneous with respect to V2: it is symmetric up to the 12th century and then goes through a period of grammatical competition between the two types of V2 structure. This indicates a syntactic change in progress, from a symmetrical to an asymmetrical structure. But French never completed this transition and lost V2 after the period of competition, contrary to Continental Scandinavian which underwent the same change. This contrast follows from the fact that Old French failed to meet the learnability conditions of the asymmetrical V2 structure. This analysis thus raises the issue of the relation between syntactic change and learnability.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Social Legislation in the City of Matara: An Analytical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Fathia Hussen Okab
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
General Context ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Arabia ◽  
The City

The author in this paper introduces a new reading for the legislative inscription of the city of Matara, an inscription known in literature as (Mafray/Qutra1), which contains three legislations that were put in place by its people and that concern with regulating their social lives. The paper primarily aims at discussing researcher's views of this legislature and their previous readings of the inscription and attempts to present a new reading of it focusing on new meanings for some debated words mentioned in it. This new reading is based on the understanding of the general context of the social history of southern Arabia.

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