scholarly journals Effect of donor arm washing on microbial growth at phlebotomy site in first time blood donors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
First Time

Background: Microbes at the phlebotomy site are the important source of bacterial contamination of blood products. Various methods to reduce their load at phlebotomy site have been tried and have always being improvised upon. Few of the blood centres have adopted a policy of making the donors wash their arms with soap and water before disinfection for phlebotomy. However the utility of this policy has not been studied. Aim: The aim was to study if washing the phlebotomy site with soap and water before blood donation would make an impact or change the microbiota at the site. Materials and methods: The study included 200 whole-blood donors who were randomly chosen and after obtaining an informed consent were included in the study. The donors were alternately allocated into donation arm washing (n=100) or non washing (100) group. The swabs were taken from the phlebotomy site from both the groups and cultured for microbial growth. The results were compared to see for difference between the groups. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics Desktop Software version 22.0. Results: Multiple organisms were isolated in only three of the 40 donors in the arm washed group compared to 24 of the 50 donors evaluated in the control arm and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: This simple add on step of washing the donor arm before donation reduced the microbial floral load at the phlebotomy site.

The Informed Consent Process in Whole Blood Donation

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Alaishuski ◽  
Rodney D. Grim ◽  
Ronald E. Domen
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Informed Consent Process ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Consent Process ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Eligibility Requirements

Abstract Context.—Informed consent in transfusion medicine has been an area lacking of significant research and it is unknown if donors fully comprehend the risks associated with whole blood donation. Objective.—To assess the adequacy of the informed consent process in whole blood donation. Design.—A brief questionnaire was constructed and distributed to whole blood donors visiting various fixed and mobile donor sites of the Central Pennsylvania Blood Bank. Questions consisted of demographic information; donor opinions of information content, length, and comprehension; and a short quiz pertaining to donor risks and eligibility. Results.—Analysis of 849 surveys demonstrated that donors comprehended a mean of 73.5% of the various donor eligibility and risks that were surveyed. Female and younger donors scored statistically higher on comprehension questions compared with male and older counterparts. Donors were most aware of (1) donor eligibility requirements related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome comprehension, (2) the risk of dizziness postdonation, and (3) having lived in a certain country (93.7%–95.6% comprehension, respectively). Donors were least aware of (1) the risk of a possible referral to a physician for outstanding medical conditions or positive test results, (2) the risk of a positive test result, and (3) West Nile virus testing information (22.4%–49.3% comprehension, respectively). Conclusions.—Whole blood donors believed that they were giving informed consent, but a significant percentage of donors were unaware of several of the risks associated with blood donation, including participation in West Nile virus research testing. Our data suggest that donors do not fully comprehend the risks of whole blood donation and that repetition of information to the donor, and in multiple formats, strengthens the level of comprehension and thus the informed consent process.

Fear is associated with attrition of first‐time whole blood donors: A longitudinal examination of donor confidence and attitude as potential mediators

Transfusion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. France ◽  
Janis L. France ◽  
Lina K. Himawan ◽  
Louisa Duffy ◽  
Debra A. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
First Time ◽  
Longitudinal Examination

scholarly journals Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
O D Damulak ◽  
E D Jatau ◽  
E Ekam ◽  
E Rumji ◽  
R Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Blood Transfusion Service ◽  
First Time

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

Well-being and return rate of first-time whole blood donors

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer Jansen ◽  
Ariane Sümnig ◽  
Max Esefeld ◽  
Klara Greffin ◽  
Lars Kaderali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals Informed consent for whole blood donation

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Grainger ◽  
Peter Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donation

scholarly journals Comparison of four methods to measure haemoglobin concentrations in whole blood donors (COMPARE): a diagnostic accuracy study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bell ◽  
Michael Sweeting ◽  
Anna Ramond ◽  
Ryan Chung ◽  
Stephen Kaptoge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Haematology Analyser ◽  
Haemoglobin Measurement ◽  
Accuracy Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SUMMARYObjectiveTo compare four haemoglobin measurement methods in whole blood donors.BackgroundTo safeguard donors, blood services measure haemoglobin concentration in advance of each donation. NHS Blood and Transplant’s (NHSBT) usual method has been capillary gravimetry (copper sulphate), followed by venous HemoCue® (spectrophotometry) for donors failing gravimetry. However, gravimetry/venous HemoCue® results in 10% of donors being inappropriately bled (i.e., with haemoglobin values below the regulatory threshold).MethodsThe following were compared in 21,840 blood donors (aged ≥18 years) recruited from 10 mobile centres of NHSBT in England, with each method compared with the Sysmex XN-2000 haematology analyser, the reference standard: 1) gravimetry/venous HemoCue®; 2) “post donation” approach, i.e., estimating current haemoglobin concentration from that measured by a haematology analyser at a donor’s most recent prior donation; 3) capillary HemoCue®; and 4) non-invasive spectrometry (MBR Haemospect® or Orsense NMB200®). We assessed each method for sensitivity; specificity; proportion of donors who would have been inappropriately bled, or rejected from donation (“deferred”) incorrectly; and test preference.ResultsCompared with the reference standard, the methods ranged in test sensitivity from 17.0% (MBR Haemospect®) to 79.0% (HemoCue®) in men, and from 19.0% (MBR Haemospect®) to 82.8% (HemoCue®) in women. For specificity, the methods ranged from 87.2% (MBR Haemospect®) to 99.9% (gravimetry/venous HemoCue®) in men, and from 74.1% (Orsense NMB200®) to 99.8% (gravimetry/venous HemoCue®) in women. The proportion of donors who would have been inappropriately bled ranged from 2.2% in men for HemoCue® to 18.9% in women for MBR Haemospect®. The proportion of donors who would have been deferred incorrectly with haemoglobin concentration above the minimum threshold ranged from 0.1% in men for gravimetry/venous HemoCue® to 20.3% in women for OrSense®. Most donors preferred non-invasive spectrometry.ConclusionIn the largest study reporting head-to-head comparisons of four methods to measure haemoglobin prior to blood donation, our results support replacement of venous HemoCue® with the capillary HemoCue® when donors fail gravimetry. These results have had direct translational implications for NHS Blood and Transplant in England.

scholarly journals Role of Predonation Hydration in the Prevention of Postdonation Vasovagal Reactions in First Time Blood Donors: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Kuttath ◽  
Harikumaran Nair ◽  
Muraleedharan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vasovagal Reactions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
First Time

Introduction: A crucial component of the effort to meet the growing demand for blood is the recruitment and retention of young novice blood donors. Reducing postdonation syncopal reactions could have a beneficial impact on donor convenience, safety, and desire to donate again. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of predonation hydration over standard blood donation in the prevention or decrease in severity of postdonation Vasovagal Reactions (VVR) in hydrated blood donors in comparison with the non hydrated group. Materials and Methods: The randomised controlled trial was conducted on 953 first time voluntary blood donors. Donors in the intervention arm drank 250 mL water 30 minutes before blood donation, while those in the control group did not receive any intervention. Blood was collected by standard protocol. Outcome, VVR, if present was graded as mild, moderate, and severe. Analysis of results were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. A sensitivity analysis was also done to consider the dropouts from the study. Results: A total of 900 participants were included in the study, of which 443 were controls and 457 were cases. An effect size of 6.1%, a Relative Risk (RR) of 0.54 {95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.36-0.81} and a risk reduction of 45% was arrived at, pointing to a protective role for predonation hydration in preventing VVR. There was a significant reduction in the severity of VVR in the predonation hydration group compared to the standard blood donation group (p-value=0.002). The protective effect of hydration on decreasing the occurrence and severity of VVR had statistical support in males in the moderate and severe grades (p-value=0.017). A similar statistical significance was not established in females (p-value=0.173). Sensitivity analysis did not reveal a difference in the statistical significance of variables between compared groups. Conclusion: Predonation hydration was found to be effective in preventing and decreasing the severity of VVR in novice blood donors.

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