scholarly journals Palm leaf sheath fiber extraction, bleaching, softening and characterization of effect of softening on longitudinal view, tensile strength and elongation of the fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lami Amanuel
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Longitudinal View ◽  
Silicone Emulsion ◽  
Degumming Process

Sheath of Palm tree indigenous to Ethiopia was used to extract fiber by chemical degumming using 80 % sodium hydroxide; bleached, softened and characterized the physical properties of the extracted fibers before and after softening. The extracted fibers were subjected to bleaching using 30% H2O2 bleaching agent to remove the reddish yellow color of the extracted. By mass; 203.4g of decorticated dried palm tree sheath was subjected to chemical degumming. Degumming of the raw decorticated palm sheath with 20% sodium hydroxide solution and 5% wetting agent was carried out. The degumming process was incubated at the temperature 120˚C for 2hours. To remove residual gummy substances which are already dissolved and left on the fibers; the fibers were washed by warm water and dried. It's found that 28.87% degummed fiber was extracted. After bleaching the degummed fibers; the fibers were washed to remove residual H2O2 from the fibers. The bleached fibers were treated by silicone emulsion to soften the fibers. Finally the fibers were dried and their Characteristics (before and after softening); Longitudinal view, Tensile strength at break and Elongation at break characterized. Also moisture regain (R %) and moisture content (W %) of the softened fibers were characterized and found as 12.65 and 11.23% respectively.

Study of Reed Leaf Fibers’ Degumming in High Temperature and Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1566-1570
Author(s):  
Hou Jie Zhao ◽  
Chun Yan Wei ◽  
Yong Zhu Cui ◽  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Orthogonal Method ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Degumming Process

In order to make the reed leaf fiber soft, increase its separating degree and remove impurities, the method of pretreatment in removing impurity was studied. The orthogonal method was used to optimize the treatment condition and the optimal conditions were obtained at a concentration of sodium hydroxide of 18g/L, treating temperature of 100°C and holding time of 90min. It also revealed that temperature holding time had the greatest influence on the degumming effect of the fibers. Under these conditions, the content of pectin and hemicellulose could reach about 2.6% and the content of cellulose could come up to 92.8%. Furthermore, the binary quadratic orthogonal regressive experiment was used to optimize the degumming process. The longitudinal directions of the fibers were examined by SEM before and after the processing.

THE SULPHUR CONTENT OF CRUDE NAPHTHA FROM TURNER VALLEY IN RELATION TO REFINING PRACTICE

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
T. W. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Free Sulphur

Typical samples of Turner Valley naphtha were examined for their sulphur content and for their behavior towards common refining treatments. The sulphur content ranged from 0.15 to 0.19% and consisted of sulphides, organic disulphides and mercaptans. Thiophenes were present, but in very small amounts. No free sulphur or peroxides were detected. Distillation concentrated the color and color producing compounds and the gum and gum producing compounds in a small high-boiling residual fraction. Exposure to light, even in the absence of air, led to the development of a yellow color and to gum formation in all undistilled samples, treated or untreated. Distillation up to 165 °C. yielded a fraction (95% by volume) which remained colorless and free from gum formation when exposed to the air and to light for over eight months.Recovery of the propane and butane is recommended, and the treatment of the crude naphthas with sodium hydroxide solution or with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide solutions followed by distillation is suggested as a means of producing a fairly satisfactory gasoline. The caustic wash alone reduces the sulphur content to about 0.1%, while the alkaline-sodium sulphide wash reduces it to about 0.05%.Sulphuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, caustic wash, sodium plumbite and cupric chloride treatments were examined and the refined products compared for sulphur content, sweetness, corrosion, gum formation and color. None of these treatments prevented gum formation or the development of color when the treated samples were exposed to light.

scholarly journals Study the effect of sodium hydroxide solution on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (39) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Ayad Qabash Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Disk Method

In this research, hand lay- up technique is used to prepare samples from epoxy resin reinforced with multi- walled carbon nanotubes in different weight fractions (0, 2, 3, 4, 5) wt%. The immersion effect by sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) at normality (0.3N) for a period of (15 days) on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites was studied, and compared to natural condition (before immersion). The thermal conductivity of epoxy nanocomposites specimens were carried out using Lee’s disk method. The experimental results showed that thermal conductivity increased with increase weight fraction before and after immersion for all specimens, while the immersion effect leads to decrease thermal conductive values compared to thermal conductivity values in natural condition.

scholarly journals Investigate coir fibers’ properties produced by coconut fiber extracting machine in Ben Tre and research the treatment for fiber with NaOH solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Viet Quoc Nguyen ◽  
Linh Vu Viet Nguyen ◽  
Sinh Ngoc Pham ◽  
Tuyen Ngoc Kim Nguyen ◽  
Tri Minh Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Coir Fibers

Over past few years, the polymer composite materials based on coir fibers have grown rapidly and have even found new markets as well as many research projects due to its cost effect and environmentally-friendly manner. In Vietnam, the coir fibers have a good quality, especially in Ben Tre province. In this research, we investigated the size of coir fibers which was produced from dried nuts stripped via hand-made coir fiber extracting machine. The coir fibers with the largest diameter distribution have evaluated the average tensile strength. In the other hand, the coir fibers have treated via a sodium hydroxide solution process to obtained refine-coir fibers which were following investigated the mechanical testing based on composite materials of polyester resin. The results showed that the treatment of the sodium hydroxide solution process causes a decrease of coir fiber average diameter. Increasing the temperature and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution leads to the decreasing of coir fiber average diameter. Moreover, the optimum condition (5% of NaOH, 50oC) enhanced the tensile strength of fibers reaching to 40% comparing with those untreated fibers.

scholarly journals Palm leaf sheath fiber extraction and surface modification

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502095072
Author(s):  
Lami Amanuel
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Moisture Regain ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Longitudinal View ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Palm Leaf

The influence of softening on tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture regain and microscopic morphology of Palm Sheath fiber extracted by chemical degumming using 80% sodium hydroxide; bleached by hydrogen peroxide and softened by silicone emulsion softener was studied. The softened and unsoftened fibers were characterized for their longitudinal view, tensile strength and elongation at break of single fiber by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The single fiber tensile strength and elongation at break were 19.6% and 10.22% respectively. The calculated value of moisture regain and moisture content of the softened fibers was 12.65% and 11.23% respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture management of the softened palm sheath fiber was significantly higher. As a result of surface modification microscopic morphology, the treated fiber was also found different. The study result had drawn the significant influence of the surface modification on the forth mentioned properties of the extracted palm leaf sheath fiber.

Cleaning effectiveness of chlorine-free detergents for use on dairy farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sundberg ◽  
Anders Christiansson ◽  
Cecilia Lindahl ◽  
Lotten Wahlund ◽  
Carol Birgersson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Cleaning Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Different Levels

A method for evaluating cleaning effect based on Bacillus cereus spores was developed and tested in a model system designed to resemble actual farm conditions. A test rig with four removable sampling plates was mounted in a milk line. The plates were attached at the end of T-junctions protruding either 1·5 or 3-times the milk pipe diameter from the main loop to reflect different levels of cleaning difficulty. In each cleaning test, B. cereus spores were applied to the four sampling plates to simulate soil. A series of cleaning tests was conducted at 35, 45, 55 and 65°C with six commercial chlorine-free, alkaline detergents; three liquid and three powder-based products. A commercial alkaline detergent with chlorine, a sodium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxider/hypochlorite solution and pure water were also tested. Triplicate tests were performed with each cleaning solution, giving a total of 120 cleaning tests. The cleaning effect was evaluated by comparing the number of spores before and after cleaning. At all temperatures, the two chlorine-based cleaning solutions gave significantly greater reductions in B. cereus spores than the chlorine-free products. All six commercial chlorine-free, alkaline detergents generally gave similar cleaning effects, with no differences in the performance of powder-based and liquid forms. The mechanical spore reduction effect with water alone was greater (1·5–1·8 log-units) than the additional chemical effect of sodium hydroxide or chlorine-free detergents (0·5–1·2 log-units). The chlorine-based solutions had a considerably more powerful chemical effect (2–4 log-units depending on temperature). In general, an increase in cleaning solution temperature up to 55°C gave a greater reduction in spores. A further increase to 65°C did not improve cleaning effectiveness.

Study on the Chemical Modification Process of Jute Fiber

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ming Wang ◽  
Zai-sheng Cai ◽  
Jian-yong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Silicate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Liquor Ratio ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Selection Of

Degumming of pre-chlorite treated jute fiber was studied in this paper. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration, treatment time, temperature, sodium silicate concentration, fiber-to-liquor ratio, penetrating agent TF-107B concentration, and degumming agent TF-125A concentration were the process conditions examined. With respect to gum decomposition, fineness and mechanical properties, sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium silicate concentration, and treatment time were found to be the most important parameters. An orthogonal L9(34) experiment designed to optimize the conditions for degumming resulted in the selection of the following procedure: sodium hydroxide of 12g/L, sodium silicate of 3g/L, TF-107B of 2g/L, TF-125A of 2g/L, treatment time of 105 min, temperature of 100°C and fiber to liquor ratio of 1:20. The effect of the above degumming process on the removal of impurities was also examined and the results showed that degumming was an effective method for removing impurities, especially hemicellulose.

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