Palm leaf sheath fiber extraction and surface modification

The influence of softening on tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture regain and microscopic morphology of Palm Sheath fiber extracted by chemical degumming using 80% sodium hydroxide; bleached by hydrogen peroxide and softened by silicone emulsion softener was studied. The softened and unsoftened fibers were characterized for their longitudinal view, tensile strength and elongation at break of single fiber by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The single fiber tensile strength and elongation at break were 19.6% and 10.22% respectively. The calculated value of moisture regain and moisture content of the softened fibers was 12.65% and 11.23% respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture management of the softened palm sheath fiber was significantly higher. As a result of surface modification microscopic morphology, the treated fiber was also found different. The study result had drawn the significant influence of the surface modification on the forth mentioned properties of the extracted palm leaf sheath fiber.

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Study of Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Oxysulfate Whisker/ABS Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.92.241 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 241-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Zhi Jiang ◽

Yan Bo Li ◽

Yue Xin Han ◽

Wan Zhong Yin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Matrix Interface ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Magnesium Oxysulfate ◽

Acting Force ◽

Properties Of Composites

The magnesium oxysulfate whisker/ABS composites were prepared by making the magnesium oxysulfate whisker as dispersed phase.Scaning electron microscope(SEM) was used to test the distribution of whiskers in ABS matrix.Effect of the surface modification and the amount of whiskers to the mechanical properties of composites were studied.The results show that,the surface modification can improve effectively dispersity both itself and in ABS matrix,interface acting force between ABS matrix and whiskers, and mechanical properties of composites ,remarkably.When the mass ratio of whisker to ABS is 40/100,the composite owns the optimum mechanical properties(Tensile strength,elastic modulus,and elongation at break are 67.5Mpa, 7.50Mpa,4.70%,respectively), whiskers distribute uniformly in matrix and improve the dimensioned stability of composites.The reinforcement mechanism of whiskers in ABS was also studied to explain the experimental results.

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Tensile strength analysis of palm leaf sheath fiber with Weibull distribution

Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.03.018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. Guo ◽

T.H. Zhang ◽

B.W. Chen ◽

L. Cheng

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Weibull Distribution ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Strength Analysis ◽

Palm Leaf

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Palm leaf sheath fiber extraction, bleaching, softening and characterization of effect of softening on longitudinal view, tensile strength and elongation of the fiber

Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology ◽

10.15406/jteft.2020.06.00225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lami Amanuel

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Before And After ◽

Longitudinal View ◽

Silicone Emulsion ◽

Degumming Process

Sheath of Palm tree indigenous to Ethiopia was used to extract fiber by chemical degumming using 80 % sodium hydroxide; bleached, softened and characterized the physical properties of the extracted fibers before and after softening. The extracted fibers were subjected to bleaching using 30% H2O2 bleaching agent to remove the reddish yellow color of the extracted. By mass; 203.4g of decorticated dried palm tree sheath was subjected to chemical degumming. Degumming of the raw decorticated palm sheath with 20% sodium hydroxide solution and 5% wetting agent was carried out. The degumming process was incubated at the temperature 120˚C for 2hours. To remove residual gummy substances which are already dissolved and left on the fibers; the fibers were washed by warm water and dried. It's found that 28.87% degummed fiber was extracted. After bleaching the degummed fibers; the fibers were washed to remove residual H2O2 from the fibers. The bleached fibers were treated by silicone emulsion to soften the fibers. Finally the fibers were dried and their Characteristics (before and after softening); Longitudinal view, Tensile strength at break and Elongation at break characterized. Also moisture regain (R %) and moisture content (W %) of the softened fibers were characterized and found as 12.65 and 11.23% respectively.

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Silica and modified silica fume waste (mSF) as reinforcing fillers for rubber industry

Pigment & Resin Technology ◽

10.1108/prt-01-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Salwa H. El-Sabbagh ◽

Nivin M. Ahmed ◽

Doaa Samir Mahmoud ◽

Wael S. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Modified Silica ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Content Type ◽

Reinforcing Filler

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of commercial silica, silica fume-waste (SF) and modified silica fume-waste (mSF) as reinforcing filler in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) through the mixing process of rubber. The composites were prepared using different loadings of silica fume and commercial silica in EPDM and NBR composites. Structural characterization of silica and SF was done using X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of silica fume waste was modified using poly methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate through emulsion polymerization to increase the interaction between silica and rubber, then consequently better dispersion in rubber matrix was obtained. The mSF waste was characterized using FT-IR spectra and transmission electron microscopy. Design/methodology/approach The investigated rubber mixes and vulcanizates were evaluated by measuring the curing characteristics, mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis and morphological studies (SEM). The mechanical properties of composites including tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus were estimated and analyzed. Findings The results revealed that the composites (NBR and EPDM) containing mSF as filler exhibited better rheological and mechanical properties compared to unmodified silica waste and commercial silica. The SEM analysis indicated that the mSF was homogeneously dispersed through the surface of NBR and EPDM composites. Also, results showed that (NBR and EPDM) composites exhibited remarkable improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness in the presence of mSF; they also showed an increase in the thermal stability. This means that the treatment of surface SF can improve its dispersion in rubber. Research limitations/implications Silica cannot be applied in rubber matrix without surface modification because of their incompatibility; their dispersion is not good without surface modification. Practical implications The modified silica surface is considered as effective reinforcing filler which can replace other fillers because of its lower surface energy and enhanced intercalating behavior in rubber. Social implications This study is just a start in establishing rubber projects with wide applications in the industry and providing a cheap local product while preserving the quality and that is the use of factory waste, which helps in protecting the environment from pollution. Originality/value mSF is cheap with relatively high purity, which make rubber/mSF composites appear as new grade of material that can be used in different media rather than rubber.

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