scholarly journals The impact of scientific and technological revolution on foreign economic relations and international economic integration in the second half of the twentieth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (52) ◽  
pp. 255-275
Author(s):  
Tetyana Slyvka
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
International Division ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Division Of Labor

The article is concerned with studying of the impact of scientific and technological progress on economic integration and the involvement of individual countries in the international division of labor. The historical period of research covers the second half of the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to define the main directions and features of the USSR's foreign economic policy under scientific and technological revolution and strengthening of international economic integration. Causal link between the development of international trade and economic integration under the impact of the scientific and technological revolution’s challenges is shown in the results of the study. The place of the USSR and its satellites in the system of international economic relations is revealed. International trade with capitalist countries and economic relations with the CMEA are identified as the main directions of the involvement of Soviet economy in the international division of labor. The place of Ukraine in the system of foreign economic relations of the USSR is outlined. The statistical data as to international trade of USSR with capitalist and CMEA countries is compared by volume and major commodities. Preference for economic cooperation with the CMEA countries based on central planning in the absence of competition are revealed. The backward structure of the USSR's international trade with the predominance of energy and raw materials exports is emphasized, as well as the lagging behind the capitalist countries in the use high technology for the production of household goods. The results of research are important for understanding the current needs of inclusion of the national economy in the global economic processes.

scholarly journals Ukraine in the Contemporary Integration Processes: Preconditions and Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Т. IHNATENKO ◽  
V. PARKHOMENKO ◽  
А. TARASENKO
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
International Division ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
International Division Of Labor

Given that the economic and social recovery of Ukraine is largerly conditional on its integration in the international economic system and effective involvement in the international division of labor, the article’s objective is to analyze preconditions and problems specific to the Ukraine’s integration in the global economic area. Intergration-specific aspects and problems in operation of the transport infrastructure and mining industry of Ukraine, strong and weak sides of Ukraine on the global energy market, the potentials of Ukraine in the agrarian sector are highlighted. It is emphasized that a priority mechanism for increasing the share of Ukraine’s trade on the European agrarian market is Free Trade Zone with EU, but a factor constraining growth in the agricultural exports of Ukraine to EU is failure of the most part of domestic producers to comply with technical, sanitary etc. terms for exporters to EU. The analysis covers statistical data on foreign trade of Ukraine in goods and services in 2016–2018, the commodity structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade in 2018, key indicators of the international trade of Ukraine in 2016–2018. It, above all, shows the negative balance of the Ukrainian foreign trade, which tendency is upward. The tradability index for the Ukrainian economy fell in this period from 81.0% до 79.9%, giving evidence of the decreasing participation of Ukraine in the international division of labor. The essential factors underlying the negative balance of foreign trade in goods are highlighted; measures to reduce the negative balance of foreign trade are proposed. The data showing the progress in Ukraine’s implementation of Association Agreement with EU are summed up. It is concluded that in spite of a series of steps towards the openness of Ukraine for the global market, the processes involved in the formation of the national foreign economic relations mechanism have been contradictory and ineffective. It calls for optimization of regulatory forms for foreign economic relations and implementation of a mechanism complying with the current terms of international economic relations.   

scholarly journals POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTENT OF THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
ONYSHCHENKO Volodymyr
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Background. Dynamic changes in international economic relations and trade for thorough analysis and forecasting require an adequate paradigm of international trade theory, which would take into account not only economic and political factors of its development, but also the diverse civilizational context of the world community, which determines mental, social and cultural features of the development of a country. Problem research state. Problems of political economy in international trade to some extent affect the research of P. Krugman, M. Obstfeld, J. Frieden, E. Helpman, P. S. Afontsev, A. Mazaraki, T. Melnyk, V. Panchenko, N. Reznikova and others. But the structure of its methodological discourse and the subject of its research remain unclear. The aim of the articleis to clarify the political and economic discourse of the theory of international trade. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the works of domestic and foreign specialists. In the process of preparing the article, general scientific research methods were used: historical, logical analysis, synthesis and abstraction. Results. Political economy is a normative manifestation of economic theory, which is formed under the influence of socio-economic and political concepts, the formed goals of social development. The subject of political economy of international trade – economic and socio-political relations that determine and accompany international trade and determine the goals and content of trade policy of its subjects. It is proposed to expand the mechanism of formation of relative advantages and trade policy of the country by including factors that determine not only its economic potential and specialization, but also the risks that may be caused by political decisions. It is argued that the problem of «protectionism vs liberalism» in international trade at the state level will always exist. It turns out that the problem of justice in international economic relations and trade is determined by the civilizational content of the development of countries, in which human capital plays a crucial role. Conclusion. The paradigm of political economy in international trade should be based on an expanded interpretation of relative benefits by assessing the impact of economic, social and political institutionson them, the peculiarities of national trade policies.

scholarly journals International Trade Balance Algorithm Based on the Ownership Principle of Mobile Edge Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fangfang Du
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
International Division ◽  
International Division Of Labor

As an emerging mobile computing technology, mobile edge computing is an important key technology to improve the computing services of mobile devices. This paper mainly studies the balance of international trade algorithm based on the principle of moving edge computing ownership. In order to obtain all the data needed to perform the task, each mobile device can exchange data information with its connected base station through the wireless network. On the basis of satisfying the quality of service of users, including considering the user connection and service configuration, the network energy consumption is minimized in continuous t period by shutting down some servers whose resources are not fully utilized. At the same time, in order to reduce the switching cost of edge server and ensure the stability of service, frequent switching of edge server should be avoided. At the beginning, there is division of labor economy. With the development of specialized production, the degree of international division of labor is increasing due to the effect of experience accumulation. The trade efficiency is growing endogenously. The international division of labor is further deepened, and the types and quantity of products participating in the international division of labor are greatly increased, so as to realize the upgrading of trade structure. Before constructing the structural VAR model of Bti, R/W, K/L, and TFP, we need to test its stationarity. Using Eviews 5.0 software, ADF test and PP test were carried out on the unit root of BTI, r/ w , K/L, and TFP time series data. With the increase of user task arrival rate, the average time revenue increases continuously. However, when the arrival rate is greater than 3 kbit/slot, the average time revenue increases slowly. The results show that the research results in system model and resource optimization algorithm will provide reliable theoretical and technical support for the practical application of mobile edge computing.

«Roses» and «thorns» of the international division of labor: dialogue with history and modernity

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
E. A. Ponuzhdaev ◽  
Tatiana A. Shpilkina
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Division ◽  
National Division ◽  
World Markets ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Trade Wars ◽  
International Division Of Labor

The authors considered historical and topical issues of the international division of labor (MRT). The analysis and parallel of MRI data by ancient scientists, researchers, scientists and experts of the XVIII, XIX, and XXI centuries. On the example of the European Union countries Greece, Spain and Portugal, the analysis of GDP, wages and unemployment as key indicators that characterize the economy of countries is carried out. The historical «cycle» of social structures is given and the dynamics of the ratio of the upper (B), middle (C) and lower (H) classes is shown. It shows the current problems of world markets, taking into account sanctions, trade wars and the consequences of the pandemic. Prospects for the national division of labor (NDT) are defined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document