SECURITY OF CORPORATE INFORMATION IN FINTECH ECOSYSTEM

Background. With the intensification of digitalization processes, the use of FinTech tools by various business entities, which include both financial service offerors and their consumers, is becoming especially important. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The works of many scientists are devoted to the functioning of various aspects of corporate information systems. However, there is currently a lack of research on the feasibility of using financial technology instruments by business entities, their threats and security for corporate information systems. The aim of the article is to study the place of FinTech tools in the corporate information system, identify threats to their use and ensure the security of their operation. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the functioning of corporate information systems and FinTech ecosystems. Results. The basis of digital transformation is the use of innovative technologies in the financial services market. This leads to the appropriate transformation of information systems of business entities and ensuring their security. There is an intensification of business use of digital banking services, digital insurance, payment platforms, raising funds through crowdfunding platforms, investing. The FinTech ecosystem within the sectoral approach should be understood as the areas of application of financial technology instruments, the services of which are used by various consumers, in particular, business entities, individuals, public authorities.The increasing digitalization of financial activities of business entities as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic has intensified the creation of additional challenges for corporate information systems for the implementation of cyber risks. Conclusion. The use of financial technology tools by business entities leads to the formation of FinTech ecosystems. Ensuring the security of information systems is the key to corporate stability. The challenge of countering cyber threats is not only for financial service offerors, but also for business entities that are their consumers, as the use of financial technology tools in financial transactions causes risks to all participants in the FinTech ecosystem.

EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND THREATS TO UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE

Background. In terms of unfavorable external conditions and a significant deterioration of the socio-economic situation, the Ukrainian market has stagnated. Russia’s actions, including its unilateral suspension of the Free Trade Agreement, have led to a reduction in Ukraine's bilateral foreign trade operations. The processes of globalization and integration issue new challenges to the economy of any country, in particular, the questions of evaluation and stimulation of foreign trade of enterprises emerge in the conditions of constant transformation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identifytrends and features of Ukraine’s foreign trade in the context of globalization and integration. Materials and methods. The article is based on a synthesis of research results of domestic and foreign scientists to determine the main influencing factors of cooperation with the EU on the state of development of Ukraine’s foreign trade. Research on this issue was conducted using the methods of theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis. Results. Ukraine’s position in world trade is determined by the main factors: the dynamics of GDP, rating and index of economic freedom. The peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign trade over the last decade have been studied, the main partner countries; the main challenges that arise in our foreign trade as a result of European integration processes have been identified. It is proved that in the analysis of GDP it is expedient to use the indicator of GDP calculated on purchasing power parity. It is established that in the conditions of the world crisis, the war in the east caused the greatest damage to the economy of Ukraine. It was clarified that Ukraine needs to expand the geography of foreign trade relations, at the same time there is a significant unrealized potential for the development of bilateral relations with EU countries. Conclusion. Ukraine must follow the chosen course of European integration, but at the same must also develop other partnerships with countries on other continents. Unfortunately, Ukraine exports more raw materials and goods with low added value. Therefore, there is a need: to change the content of exports, to introduce tax and customs instruments to support exports, to amend the Association Agreement in terms of international trade. The structure of foreign trade does not stimulate Ukraine's economy to innovative development, so there is an urgent need for domestic policy reforms and changes in external priorities.

WORLD MARKET OF PROJECT FINANCING: INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

Background. The domestic economy remains systemically underfunded due to lack of domestic financial resources and low investment attractiveness for foreign investors. The deepening of this problem is also caused by the situation with COVID-19, which has led to a decrease in global cash flows in the world. Obtaining cross-border investment flows in various sectors of the economy is associated with project financing, the development of co-financing and the use of PPPs. There is a question of research of modern tendencies of development of project financing which change according to present challenges, for the purpose of implementation of experience of foreign countries in the Ukrainian practice of development of investment activity. Analysis of recent research and publications has shown that in the context of abrupt changes, challenges and crises, leading to reduction oflong-term investments, the issue of using large-scale project financing to guarantee future profits (project financing) to develop priority sectors of the economy and individual regions of the country remains relevant. The aim of the work is to study the global industry trends in the development of project financing, taking into account the new socio-economic realities and justification of the feasibility of using world experience in Ukrainian practice. Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on a system of general scientific and special methods, in particular: abstract-logical, analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, generalization, graphical method, statistical methods for assessing the dynamics and structure. Legislative documents, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, statistical information became the information base of this research. Results. The modern tendencies of the global market of project financing, dynamics of its volumes and branch structure are investigated. The directions of project financing by the main sources are analyzed: bank loans and bond loans. The expediency of using international experience in the implementation of large-scale investment projects in various sectors of the economy of Ukraine using schemes and methods of project financing is substantiated. Conclusion. The introduction of experience in the implementation of investment projects using project financing schemes in Ukraine should contribute to the formation of demand for long-term investments, including foreign ones. This practice of project implementation allows to modernize the economy, increase the potential of regional development and integrate into global value chains.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE’S FOREIGN TRADE POLICY

Background. The impact of digital transformations on financial, invest­ment and trade flows requires the introduction of appropriate incentives and the reduction of restrictive practices. The lack of coordination between national governments and international organizations in establishing mechanisms and instruments increases the risk of instability zones. Modern regulatory instruments applied by countries may be twofold, owing to the nature of digital technologies. In sum, the issue of improving foreign trade policy is actual and requires further research and practical consideration. The aim of the articleis to develop theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the regulation of the foreign trade policy digital transformation process. Materials and methods. Database of statistical and analytical materials of international organizations (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Economic Forum), national statistical offices, centres of expertise and in-house research were used. The study used economic analysis, comparison, grouping and systematization methods. Results. The article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to regulating the process of digital transformation of foreign trade policy. It is determined that the main directions of regulatory practices are the rules for data transfer, consolidation and regulation of intellectual property rights, data protection of consumers of information services, ethics of digital products. The classification of tools of digital transformation of foreign trade policy is formed. Conclusion. The growing share of digital goods and services in inter­national trade has intensified the complex aspects of global cooperation among countries to develop the digital economy and to regulate joint activities in the creation of physical and virtual mobility rules. For Ukraine, it is important to accelerate the pace of implementation of planned measures and to strengthen the development and introduction of stimulating tools for the development of the destiny of the digital sector in the economy.

VIRTUAL LABOR MIGRATION

The concept of «virtual labour migration» and the main reasons for its emergenceand spread in current conditions was defined. The consequences of the spread of remote work in analytical activities and the collection and structuring of information were outlined. The connection between the spread of «virtual labour migration» and the «brain drain» and the prospect of implementing innovative projects has been identified. The main threats to production organisation in the long-term use of remote work and involvement in «virtual labour migrants» tasks are highlighted.

DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF LEASING TRANSACTIONS OF ENTERPRISES

The article substantiates the need to manage leasing transactions of enterprises with the use of innovative IT technologies. The role and place of digitalization of management have beens tudied. The classification of leasing payments, methodical support of the analysis of leasing transactions has been presented.

CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF ENERGY SOURCES IMPORTS

Background. The high share of imported energy resources in the structure of the fuel and energy complex reduces the level of energy security. Ukraine is 85% dependent on imports of petroleum products. In such conditions, it is important to ensure the effective functioning of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service, which carries out customs control and clearance throughout the customs territory of Ukraine. The analysis of recent research and publications has shown that systematic studies of features of customs control and registration of energy sources are absent. However, scientists have studied the peculiarities of energy moving across the customs border in Ukraine and the EU, the problematic issues of customs formalities for goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine by pipeline. The aim of the article is to study and systematize information on customs clearance of energy sources in Ukraine, identify problematic issues and develop proposals to improve the efficiency of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service. Materials and methods. The information base contains scientific publications of domestic scientists, normative-legal and legislative base of Ukraine. Methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization and comparison of data from scientific sources are used. Results. The main tasks of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service in ensuring the implementation of policy in the field of customs are analyzed. The analysis of dynamics of export-import operations with oil products on the market of Ukraine for 2011–2020 is carried out. Proposals have been developed to speed up and simplify customs control of oil products and increase the efficiency of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service. Conclusion. To increase the efficiency of the Energy Customs, it is necessary to intensify work in the areas of: use of technical means of customs control, installation of weighing systems, introduction of express laboratories to strengthen control and reduce customs clearance time, purchase and use resources of leading price agencies to control customs value of oil products, use of oil products labeling for identification purposes.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF WORLD TRADE

Background. Thanks to theconstant digitalization of modern life, consumers from almost all countries now receive income from the benefits of online transactions. As the Internet spreads rapidly around the world, the number of customers using digital technologies is growing every year. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on digital commerce and online consumer behavioraround the world. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the transformation of online and offline trade remains unnoticed by leading researchers around the world. The aim is to identify current trends in the process of digitalization of world trade. Materials and methods. The main research methods are logical, analytical, graphical, tabular, and statistical. Results. The transformation of world trade has accelerated in the development of the process of digitalization of the world economy. Despite the slowdown in the growth of digital trade, there is an increase in the number of buyers and, consequently, sales. The development and application of information and communication technologies has determined the leading positions of countries in terms of foreign exchange earnings. China, the United States, Great Britain and Japan hold the undisputed championship. The other six countries, included in the TOP-10, are constantly changing, which is characterized by increased competition in this area. Conclusion. The rapid development of digital trade is due to the use of quality infrastructure that supports computer networks. Exogenous factors that will affect the competitive position of leading countries in the field of retail are the level of development of online trade, the rate of vaccination against COVID-19, modification of coronavirus infection and subsequent outbreaks of this disease, which will lead to further quarantine measures. In addition, increasing competition from developing countries should be noted. Thus, in response to exogenous changes, endogenous changes will primarily take place in the companies of the leading countries, which will be related to changes in supply chains, where the main focus will be on sustainability, excessiveness and diversification of products. Smaller retailers will continue to focus on speed and cost of delivery. It is obvious that digital trade has an inexhaustible potential of opportunities for enterprising entrepreneurs.

GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS IN PANDEMIC

In the course of the research, the theoretical approaches to determining the content of the process of formation of global supply chains were considered. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade in the EU region is analyzed and the main features of this impact are identified. The main features of the response of international corporations to the challenges of quarantine restrictions are substan­tiated. In particular, the current trends in changing global approaches to the formation of supply chains and the formation of priorities for their development in the near future are analyzed.

INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

Background. One of the main indicators of the country's economic development is its trade balance, in particular the total size and value of products that the country can adequately represent in foreign markets, ensuring reliable cash flow, balanced development of economic sectors, and, consequently, growing greatness and prosperity. In modern conditions, ensuring such a global export expansion of Ukrainian products to foreign markets, in particular European ones, is impossible without proper innovation of producers and exporters, as well as sufficient investment in planned innovation projects, which requires in-depth economic analysis and strategy in this direction. Using the latest scientific inventions and research. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the current state of Ukrainian exports to world and European markets and substantiate the possibility of differentiation of export flows in order to evenly distribute the share of exports between all industries, including engineering and high technology, etc. and move away from raw materials Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the problems of innovation development. Results. As we can see from the researched data, during the last decade there is a tendency of prevalence in the general structure of the country's exports of ferrous metallurgy and mining, which is primarily due to the strong potential of these industries inherited from Soviet times, as well as agro-industrial products. in particular, cereals and oils, which is explained by the tradition of these industries for the economy of Ukraine, and established under the Association Agreement tariff quotas for Ukrainian agricultural products in the markets of the European Union. Revolutionary tasks have been set to reduce the share in the structure of exports of these types of goods first to the critical limit of 10%, and then to the target of 5%, while maintaining and even increasing the absolute monetary value of exports of these goods, which is possible only if increasing exports by other product groups, identifying priority areas among such products while legislative incentives and creating a regulatory environment to strengthen the ability of domestic enterprises to compete in world markets, especially in the face of growing protectionism in response to the challenges of the pandemic. Conclusion. Summing up, we can conclude that Ukraine has created all the prerequisites for the implementation and implementation of all short-term and strategic plans for the domestic economy and a worthy place among participants in both European and global markets, subject to improving the scientific and educational system of industrial development, wider implementation of innovation processes, as well as the implementation of plans to diversify export flows.