scholarly journals Determination of the efficiency of a multiple launch rocket system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
E. Hladkyi ◽  
◽  
O. Zavoloka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Packing Problem ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Destruction Efficiency ◽  
Relative Damage ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Optimum Relation ◽  
Suggested Criterion

Up-to-date multiple launch rocket systems (MLRSs) are adopted by many countries of the world, and they are an effective weapon against dispersed multiple targets. Developing and upgrading MLRSs calls for estimating their efficiency with the aim to select an optimum alternative. For an MLRS, the basic measure of area target destruction efficiency is the relative damage area. This measure depends on the damage area of the MLRS itself (extent of damage by one salvo). The paper suggests a relative criterion that allow one to estimate and optimize the salvo damage area. The criterion is based on the ratio of the salvo damage area to the maximum damage area and that of the undamaged area to the coverage area. The coverage area is defined as the area of the enveloping convex polygon for all points of missile impact in a salvo. It is shown that the domain of variation of the suggested criterion is the interval [0, 1]. Using the suggested criterion for 4 points of missile impact with a circular damage area, two basic structures are studied: a rhomb (two regular triangles) and a square. For them, optimum distances between the missile impact points that maximize the destruction level are determined. It is shown that the obtained optimum arrangement of missile impact points allows one to bring the extent of damage for the square structure to the more optimum rhomb layout (represents a part of the hexagonal structure, which is the most efficient from the standpoint of the packing problem). For a 16-missile salvo, it is shown that from the standpoint of the suggested criterion there exists an optimum relation between the missile damage area (radius) and the technical scattering parameters. The maximum value of the criterion for a missile salvo with account for the technical spread does not exceed 0.33 and is much lower than the value that can be obtained for the optimum structures (rhomb and square). The paper shows possibilities of using the criterion in deciding on optimum missile impact points with account for various typical targets within a multiple target and missile damage area configurations other than a circle.

Determination of Cell Coverage Area and its Applications in High-Speed Railway Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 3515-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
Guangkai Li ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
Danping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Cell Coverage

A quantitative approach to the detection of nuclear activity after differential damage to nucleus and cytoplasm in early development

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
A. A. Neyfakh ◽  
N. N. Rott
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Nuclear Activity ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Nuclear Damage ◽  
Development Proceeds

For studying nucleo-cytoplasmic relations during development various selective influences on the nucleus and cytoplasm are widely used as the main method of experimental analysis. However, the application of such techniques presents difficulties both in obtaining evidence that shows the specificity of a nuclear or cytoplasmic effect by a chosen agent and in the quantitative evaluation of the extent of damage. In this paper a method is described for differentiating between nuclear and cytoplasmic sites of action of a given agent as well as for evaluating quantitatively the extent of nuclear damage. The method is based on the determination of the morphogenetic activity of nuclei at different stages of embryonic development. As has been previously shown, after complete inactivation of nuclei (for instance, by heavy doses of radiation) development proceeds up to the stages programmed for by the genetic cell apparatus (Neyfakh, 1959, 1964).

A Method for Estimating the Area of Damaged Croplands and Woodlands with the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Podciborski ◽  
Jacek Kil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Growing social demand for access to spatial information spurs the rapid development of measurement methods and systems for registering the results of spatial evaluations and analyses (Kwietniewski 2008). Any assessment of spatial development is carried out on the basis of information obtained from specific sources (Kowalczyk 2007). The main objective of this study was to propose a method for assessing the extent of damage caused by natural disasters to croplands and woodlands with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). The main aim was achieved through detailed goals, including determination of the causes of natural disasters, description of the field inspection procedure and development of loss assessment principles. The proposed method was verified in selected research sites, and the resulting damage report detailing cropland losses is presented in the study.

Determination of Electron Distribution and Bonding from Soft X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Transition Metal Carbides ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Metal Diborides

AbstractFrom measurements of the shift in wavelength with chemical combination, it appears there is very little transfer of charge between the metal and nonmetal atoms for the Group-IV transition-metal carbides and diborides. For Group-VI transition-metal carbides and beyond, there appears to be a definite transfer of charge from the carbon to the metal atom. The bonding in the Group-IV transitionmetal carbides is largely co valent, and metallic for the Group-IV transition-metal diborides. A comparison of shapes of emission bands with crystal structure indicates that, in general, NaCl-type structures have symmetrical peaks with narrow bandwidths compared to hexagonal structure, which have asymmetrical peaks, broad bandwidths, and long tails to the bottom of the bands.

Detection Confirmation and Determination of Trace Amounts of Selenium by X-Ray Methods

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 542-554
Author(s):  
Frank L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Tetravalent State

AbstractRecently, interest in the determination of selenium in trace amounts has been greatly intensified because of the nutritional aspects of this element. It has been reported that selenium in the amount of 13 μg in the form of sodium selenite in 100 g of feed has an effect similar to that of vitamin E. In the field of semiconductors, the detection and determination of trace amounts of selenium in arsenic, antimony, and small single crystals of solid solution of cadmium selenide and sulfide are of considerable importance in semiconductor performance.In the Aerospace Research Laboratories, 4,5 diamino-6-tbiopyi-imidine has been successfully adopted as a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of selenium. The reaction of 4,5 diamino-6-thiopyrimidine and tetxavalent selenium produces a yellow color with the formation of elemental selenium. It is possible to determine elemental selenium by collecting it in a thin layer. The selenium deposited in this layer may then be determined by an X-ray fluorescence method. A procedure of this nature has the advantage of eliminating the matrix effects commonly encountered in X-ray fluorescence. Furthermore, the slow generation of selenium affords a convenient means of detection and confirmation of this element by the use of X-ray diffraction procedures. By this technique selenium is first converted to its tetravalent state and is then reacted with 4,5 diamino-6-thiopyrimidine. On standing, the selenium is reduced to a red precipitate of elemental selenium which can be dissolved in carbon disulfide. Finally, the selenium can be converted into its hexagonal structure by annealing at 205-207°C.

Determination of percentage of linear coverage area in railways

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruisi He ◽  
Jianwen Ding ◽  
Zhangdui Zhong ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ruifeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coverage Area

scholarly journals MODELING OF KOARMADA MARINE OPERATIONS II BASED ON THE THREAT PREDICTION FROM INTELLIGENCE WITH A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING APPROACH

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Fa'iq Mumtaz Muhammad ◽  
Budisantoso Wirjodirdjo ◽  
Okol Sri Suharyo ◽  
Yudha Sukma Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
Operations Other Than War ◽  
Selection Of

Indonesia as archipelagic country, needs strong maritime sector security. The Indonesian Navy in Law Number 34 Year 2004 has been given the mandate to safeguard the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. The Armada II Command as Kotamaops annually carries out Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP) which is carried out under the command of Guspurla and Guskamla. Intelligence information regarding the estimated threat / contingency that will occur is very influential on decision makers in operational planning. With the contingency provided by the intelligence staff, it is necessary to have an appropriate marine operation modeling. In a multi-operation operation, it is necessary to have a supporting attribute, that is, a base ship. The purpose of this study is to formulate an operation modeling using the selection of a headquarter ship which is preceded by the determination of contingency priorities. This study uses MCDM which consists of MCDA and MCDO which uses the integration of the Delphi method, AHP, Fuzzy weighting, Goal programming and linear Integer-Zero one programming. Based on the processing of Delphi and AHP, in determining the threat of OMSP, it is influenced by the number / intensity of incidents of 20.4%; impact of Ipoleksosbudhankam 29.4%, Capabiity 38.2% and involvement factor of 12.1% where national jurisdiction marine security operations are selected as the first priority. Meanwhile, in the selection of the headquarters ship which functions to coordinate the KRI in carrying out sector patrols, using the FWH and IGP, the KRI was chosen as the Sigma class to be the headquarters ship. This modeling uses 22 of the 24 KRI that have been allocated by obtaining an increase in the optimization of the coverage area and fuel savings.. Keywords: OMSP, MCDM, Contigency, headquarters warship and Maritime Security Operations

scholarly journals Performance measure of satellite flying in coplanar and non-coplanar formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.13) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Nor Affendy Yahya ◽  
Renuganth Varatharajoo ◽  
A Salahuddin M Harithuddin ◽  
Syaril Azrad
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Orbit Period

In order to fulfil specific mission objective demand, spacecraft performance can be further optimized by means of various methods or configurations. Like for instance, selection of orbit type and inclination with a periodically repeated ground track will ensure the high efficiency of ground target coverage be accomplished throughout the whole duration of mission. Unfortunately, a single monolithic satellite most often unable to accommodate the requirement solicitated by many multi background users. So, to deal with the issue, an alternative solution would be to operate a swarm of satellites flying in synchronized formation. In this paper, three satellites flying in co-planar and non-coplanar formation were simulated. Here, the resulting model of two deputy satellites operating in the same orbital plane but different phase angle moved along the orbit path while both still maintaining constant relative distance with the non-coplanar chief spacecraft throughout the whole orbit period were presented. The use of unique projected circular orbit (PCO) formation arrangement allows the assessment of some important performance measure parameters like average overlapping coverage area and optimum swath width coverage distance. For the determination of area on the surface of the Earth overlapped by three satellites, the analysis was done using the multiple boundary overlap condition. Parametric studies were conducted involving different formation distance and formation height to observe pattern variation of average total overlapping area and maximum coverage distance. Preliminary result showed that at a specific Earth central angle, the total overlapped area decreased substantially with the increased distance in formation. Height factor does not have significant influence in the total overlapped area variation due to constraint imposed on satellites operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) altitude regime. Results were tabulated using 3-dimensional graphs to study the relationships exist between multiple variables. Finally, conclusions were made based on our findings with regards to the performance of positioning satellites in such configuration. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document