scholarly journals Mathematical and Computer Simulation of Hex Head Screws for Implementation on a 3D Printer

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Tetiana I. Sheiko ◽  
◽  
Kyrylo V. Maksymenko-Sheiko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Tightening Torque ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Mathematical And Computer Simulation ◽  
Tangential Vector ◽  
Soft Metal ◽  
Air Brakes ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, based on the R-functions theory, methods have been developed and equations have been constructed for the 3D printing of hex-head screws with Bristol, Pentalobe, Polydrive and other types of screw slots. Such screws are used both in personal computers and other high-end equipment. The Bristol slot has four or six radial grooved beams. The advantage of the design of this slot is the correct perpendicular, rather than tangential, vector of force application when the slot is rotated by a tool, which minimizes the risk of stripping out the slot. For this reason, the Bristol slot is used in soft metal screws. Compared to the internal hex, the Bristol slot allows a noticeably higher torque, only slightly higher than that of the Torx slot. This type of slot is used in aviation, high-end telecommunications equipment, cameras, air brakes, agricultural equipment, astronomical equipment, and foreign military equipment. Variations with a pin in the center are found in game consoles to prevent the use of a flat-blade screwdriver as an improvised key. The Pentalobe slot is a five-point slot designed by Apple and used in its products to limit unauthorized disassembly. It was first used in mid 2009 to mount MacBook Pro batteries. Its miniature version was used in the iPhone 4 and later models, in the MacBook Air (available since late 2010 models), and the MacBook Pro with Retina screens. The Polydrive slot is a starlike slot with rounded star points, used in the automotive industry for applications requiring high tightening torque. The Torq-set slot is a cross slot for fasteners requiring high tightening torque. The grooves are slightly offset, not intersecting at one point. Fasteners with this type of slot are used in military aviation, for example, in E-3, P-3, F-16, Airbus, Embraer, and Bombardier Inc. The Phillips Screw Company owns the trademark and manufactures fasteners with this type of slot. The slot design standards are National Aerospace Standard NASM 3781 and NASM 4191 for the ribbed version. The resulting equations for the surfaces of screws were checked during the modeling of the screws before 3D printing. The 3D printing technology allows us to reduce the cost and labor intensity of manufacturing products, including complex slot screws. The analytical recording of designed objects makes it possible to use alphabetic geometric parameters, complex superposition of functions, which, in turn, allows us to quickly change their design elements. The positivity property of the constructed functions at the internal points of an object is very convenient for the implementation of 3D printing.

scholarly journals Foundation Piles—A New Feature for Concrete 3D Printers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Marcin Hoffmann ◽  
Krzysztof Żarkiewicz ◽  
Adam Zieliński ◽  
Szymon Skibicki ◽  
Łukasz Marchewka
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Permanent Formwork ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Cost

Foundation piles that are made by concrete 3D printers constitute a new alternative way of founding buildings constructed using incremental technology. We are currently observing very rapid development of incremental technology for the construction industry. The systems that are used for 3D printing with the application of construction materials make it possible to form permanent formwork for strip foundations, construct load-bearing walls and partition walls, and prefabricate elements, such as stairs, lintels, and ceilings. 3D printing systems do not offer soil reinforcement by making piles. The paper presents the possibility of making concrete foundation piles in laboratory conditions using a concrete 3D printer. The paper shows the tools and procedure for pile pumping. An experiment for measuring pile bearing capacity is described and an example of a pile deployment model under a foundation is described. The results of the tests and analytical calculations have shown that the displacement piles demonstrate less settlement when compared to the analysed shallow foundation. The authors indicate that it is possible to replace the shallow foundation with a series of piles combined with a printed wall without locally widening it. This type of foundation can be used for the foundation of low-rise buildings, such as detached houses. Estimated calculations have shown that the possibility of making foundation piles by a 3D printer will reduce the cost of making foundations by shortening the time of execution of works and reducing the consumption of construction materials.

scholarly journals PLANNING OF THE NUMBER OF TESTS WITH ZONAL ESTIMATES OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
S. Korniienko ◽  
I. Korniienko ◽  
D. Kamak ◽  
S. Kaznachey ◽  
O. Zhyrna
Keyword(s):  
Functional Module ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Plan ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
Stochastic Characteristic ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Probabilistic Value

Today, the problem of reducing the cost of resources and time during planning and conducting tests remains relevant. This problem is especially acute in qualified testing agencies, where testing prototypes at different stages of the life cycle is the main functional task. Automation of planning processes and optimization of testing processes will significantly reduce such costs and improve the overall quality of testing. The article considers the theoretical issues of forming quantitative plans for testing samples of armaments and military equipment (AME) in obtaining zonal estimates of stochastic parameters and characteristics. The need for zonal estimates arises to confirm the quality of the sample for a given stochastic characteristic in the range from the allowable probabilistic value to the maximum (minimum) possible. The authors propose an approach to obtaining zonal estimates of the parameters of the armament and military equipment test sample, which theoretically meet the requirements of a given accuracy and reliability. The approach is based on the use of a flexible test plan, which is terminated when statistical confirmation of the probabilistic value not worse than specified by the developer is obtained. Ensuring the quality of evaluation is carried out by virtue of the minimum required number of repetitions of the experiment and the balance of the number of successful to the total number of experiments. It is shown that a flexible test plan can significantly reduce the total number of experiments, which will to some extent reduce the resource and time costs of testing samples of armament and military equipment. For the practical application of the approach of obtaining zonal estimates of the AME sample quality, its formalization and algorithmics is required. It is assumed that the developed approach will be implemented in the form of a functional module as а part of the subsystem of automated planning and quality management of AME sample tests.

scholarly journals Implementation of 3D Printing Technology in the Food Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽  
Noorazizi Mohd Samsuddin ◽  
Sharifah Imihezri Bt. Syed Shaharuddin ◽  
Shafie Kamaruddin ◽  
Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fabrication Cost ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fabrication Time

This project involves the implementation of 3D printing technology on designing and fabricating food holders in the food industry. Food holders are designed to hold the food packages in the filling line for food manufacturing industries that apply retort technology. Therefore, this study aims to implement the 3D printing technology in particular FDM to fabricate food holders for the food processing industry. The approach of using this technology is focused on giving more view on the capability of 3D printing technology, aiming at reducing the overall process fabrication cost and fabrication time. Hence, the fabrication cost and time between FDM and conventional machining methods were compared. This study revealed that Organic Gain food industry was able to reduce the cost and fabrication time for the food holder up to approximately 96.3% and 72% respectively. This project gives an insight into the ability of 3D printing technology in delivering the demands of the industry in producing parts as well as the adaptability of the technology to the industry in new product development. The project was carried out successfully and the 3D printed food holder has been tested and functions smoothly.

OPTIMAL ENERGY DESIGN AND RETROFIT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE TURKISH BUILDING SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-90
Author(s):  
Selçuk Sayin ◽  
Godfried Augenbroe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT This paper introduces methodologies and optimal strategies to reduce the energy consumption of the building sector with the aim to reduce global energy usage of a given .region or country. Many efforts are underway to develop investment strategies for large-scale energy retrofits and stricter energy design standards for existing and future buildings. This paper presents a study that informs these strategies in a novel way. It introduces support for the cost-optimized retrofits of existing, and design improvements of new buildings in Turkey with the aim to offer recommendations to individual building owners as well as guidance to the market. Three building types, apartment, single-family house and office are analyzed with a novel optimization approach. The energy performance of each type is simulated in five different climate regions of Turkey and four different vintages. For each vintage, the building is modelled corresponding to local Turkish regulations that applied at the time of construction. Optimum results are produced for different goals in terms of energy saving targets. The optimization results reveal that a 50% energy saving target is attainable for the retrofit and a 40% energy saving target is attainable for new design improvements for each building type in all climate regions.

scholarly journals BioPartsBuilder: a synthetic biology tool for combinatorial assembly of biological parts

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Giovanni Stracquadanio ◽  
Jingchuan Luo ◽  
Jef D. Boeke ◽  
Joel S. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Reusable Components ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Combinatorial Assembly ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Summary: Combinatorial assembly of DNA elements is an efficient method for building large-scale synthetic pathways from standardized, reusable components. These methods are particularly useful because they enable assembly of multiple DNA fragments in one reaction, at the cost of requiring that each fragment satisfies design constraints. We developed BioPartsBuilder as a biologist-friendly web tool to design biological parts that are compatible with DNA combinatorial assembly methods, such as Golden Gate and related methods. It retrieves biological sequences, enforces compliance with assembly design standards and provides a fabrication plan for each fragment. Availability and implementation: BioPartsBuilder is accessible at http://public.biopartsbuilder.org and an Amazon Web Services image is available from the AWS Market Place (AMI ID: ami-508acf38). Source code is released under the MIT license, and available for download at https://github.com/baderzone/biopartsbuilder. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacturing of Packaging Machines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Buske ◽  
Tien-I Liu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Base System ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
User Input ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Knowledge Base System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Automated packaging machines must be constantly redesigned to accommodate ever changing packing. There is little time to make these changes and no room for error. In this work, computer-integrated design and manufacture of a packaging machine has been conducted. A knowledge base system has been developed, which checks for errors in user input, updates all assemblies per the user input, checks for part interferences in the assembly, holds the new design to accepted design standards, and sends warning messages to the user’s computer screen in the event of a problem. The knowledge base then creates new intelligent part numbers. These part numbers provide the informational link from Engineering to Production as they contain all the new part information needed to make the parts. These part numbers are entered into a program that automatically creates the new tool paths for the CNC mill. The entered part number is automatically milled into the part to insure the correct part was entered. The cost of design and manufacture is then reduced substantially. This knowledge base also extends into sales for quoting and for new job creation which expedites the entire process.

New Standard for Assessment of Structural Integrity for Existing Load-Bearing Structures-Norsok N-006

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Solland ◽  
Inge Lotsberg ◽  
Lars G. Bjo̸rheim ◽  
Gerhard Ersdal ◽  
Vidar-Andre´ Gjerstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Existing Structure

An increasing number of platforms in the Norwegian continental shelf are reaching their design life. For various reasons these platforms will require an assessment of their structural integrity. When performing these assessments the engineer is faced with tasks where little guidance is found in design standards, for several reasons. The two most important being: 1) The analyses that is performed in a typical assessment of existing structure is often applying very advanced techniques and methodology that seldom is used in design of new structures, as the cost of doing advanced analysis is relatively low compared to replacement of an existing structure, but relatively high compared to moderate additions of e.g. steel in the design of a new structure. 2) Design standards are based on theories, methods and experience for structures in a given design life (e.g. fatigue design and corrosion protection design). When this design life is extended, sound methods for ensuring that the structures are still sufficient safe is needed. Such methods will normally be “condition based design”, where inspection, maintenance and repairs are included in the assessment in integrated way. Such methods are not given in normal design standards. For these reasons a new NORSOK standard is developed that gives recommendation on how to deal with the specific aspects that engineers meet when performing assessments of structures in general, but also specifically for assessment for life extension. The standard is named “Standard for Assessment of Structural Integrity for Existing Load-bearing Structures” and is issued as a NORSOK standard and given the number N-006 [1]. The topics that are covered in the standard include: Shut down and unmanning criteria for platforms not meeting ordinary requirements, specific issues for determination of ultimate capacities by use of non-linear methods, cyclic capacity checks, fatigue life extension, requirements to in-service inspection etc. The paper describes the background and the content of the new standard and it presents examples of recommendations given. The role of the new standard in the Norwegian regulatory system is shown.

Limits and Potential of 3D Printing Technologies for Construction of Concrete Shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Michal Kovářík ◽  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
Henri Hubertus Achten
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Vertical Bearing ◽  
Concrete Shells ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technological Limitations

Concrete shells are a very effective type of building structures due to their ability to bridge large spans with minimal construction thickness. This type of building structures built on the medieval vaulting techniques and, regarding the use of reinforced concrete over the last 100 years, it has overcome the limitations of the masonry vaulting technologies and enabled to increase the span of structures to tens of meters. The construction technology to realize concrete shells using monolithic casting into formwork is besides abovementioned advantages characterized by high labour and thanks to the cost and manufacturing intensity of double curved formwork panels it allows economical realization of only selected structural geometries. Its considerable limitation is, besides the costly production of double curvature formwork, also the laborious installation of formwork and falsework structures. The solution seems to be in line with the upcoming transition to Construction 4.0 robotizing the construction technology of shells that could create a similar increase in productivity and design possibilities as was the technological transition between vaults and shells. One of the promising technologies of robotic production seems to be digital fabrication methods and, in particular, 3D printing or in other words additive manufacturing. This wasteless technology, which has been used to date for experimental projects mainly for the realization of vertical bearing structures, has, despite the first attempts at realizing vaults, a number of technological limitations. In this article, authors aim to summarize and indicate possible constraints of on site 3D printing of domes. They further indicate the possible ways to overcome these limitations and suggest two different means of on site 3D printing of hemispherical dome and the dome based on the catenary profile using extrusion nozzles with different profiles. Finally they discuss the Eurocode requirements for concrete shells and suggest technological solutions for on site 3D printed shells in terms of structural reinforcement.

scholarly journals Multimaterial 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Functional Stethoscopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Popkin ◽  
Fluvio Lobo ◽  
Jack Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Developed World

Stethoscopes are ubiquitous across the healthcare system. For the most part, stethoscopes do not represent a financial burden, mostly throughout the developed world. Further reducing the cost of stethoscopes has both humanitarian and prophylactic goals. The Glia project pioneered the concept of 3D printing stethoscopes for war or poverty-stricken regions of the world. Cross-contamination concerns have led researchers and manufacturers to develop single-use stethoscopes. Our aim is to develop a fully printed, multi-material, functional stethoscope to alleviate these concerns. Our team also seeks to establish a framework for the on-demand manufacturing of medical devices to reduce costs associated with shipping, distribution, and inventory.

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