The cost calculation method of construction 3D printing aligned with internet of things

Although many firms have initiated RFID projects, they often face significant difficulties in integrating RFID systems into their existing IT landscape. One such difficulty is the upfront estimation of the cost of the RFID integration project. This chapter addresses this issue by using a design science approach to provide a cost calculation for RFID integration projects. Drawing from literature in the fields of information systems and RFID, software engineering and supply chain management, the authors develop the cost calculation method that is then implemented in a prototype. The prototype is developed and evaluated in an iterative fashion using focus groups, RFID experts, and the cognitive walkthrough method. The authors contribute to theory by proposing a new cost calculation method to estimate the costs of RFID integration projects. Practical implications include a more accurate estimation of the cost of integrating RFID systems into the existing IT landscape and a risk reduction for RFID projects.

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Analyzing Upward Deviation of Actual vs Predicted Drug Sales in Japan for a Reasonable Drug-Pricing Policy

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science ◽

10.1177/2168479019860123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 216847901986012

Author(s):

Shoyo Shibata ◽

Daigo Fukumoto ◽

Takeshi Suzuki ◽

Koken Ozaki

Keyword(s):

Calculation Method ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Drug Pricing ◽

Pricing Policy ◽

Drug Sales ◽

Drug Prices ◽

Pharmaceutical Expenditures ◽

The Cost ◽

Upward Deviation

Background: Predictions of drug sales play an important role in setting drug prices in Japan, where drug prices are highly regulated. One of 2 primary Japanese drug-pricing methodologies—the cost calculation method— refers extensively to the prediction of drug sales in establishing drug prices. Deviations from predicted sales can induce disproportionate drug prices and unexpected pharmaceutical expenditures. This study aimed to estimate the upward deviation of actual sales from predicted sales and to explore the predictors of such upward deviation. Methods: Estimates of upward deviation in 2015 were produced for new molecular entities (NMEs) approved in 2006-2015. To identify the predictors associated with upward deviation through binary logistic regression analyses, sales within 3 years of launch and in the predicted year in which peak sales would be reached were used. Results: Estimated upward deviation was more than 1220 billion yen in 2015 for the targeted drugs. Drugs priced by the cost calculation method or by obtaining additional indications were significantly more likely to show an upward deviation from predicted peak sales. Conclusion: There is substantial upward deviation between actual and predicted drug sales in Japan. So long as drug sales predictions are used in drug price calculations, a flexible repricing system is needed to buffer unexpected pharmaceutical expenditures.

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Review Perhitungan Biaya Wheeling (Wheeling Cost Calculation Review)

Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi (JNTETI) ◽

10.22146/jnteti.v9i1.114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 116-122

Author(s):

Yusuf Susilo Wijoyo ◽

Sasongko Pramono Hadi ◽

Sarjiya Sarjiya

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plant ◽

Calculation Method ◽

Cost Allocation ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Transmission Network ◽

Calculation Methods ◽

The Cost ◽

Fairness Principle ◽

Cost Components

Wheeling is a solution to the complexity of transmission network constructing problem. With the wheeling concept, a power plant owner can deliver electricity to its load without having to construct a transmission network. The owner of the power plant can utilize the transmission network belonging to other entities. The wheeling concept is an interesting thing in terms of increasing current renewable energy penetration. This is due to the construction of the transmission network, which is one of the obstacles in increasing renewable energy penetration. Fairness of wheeling costs is still one important topic. The discussion regarding wheeling costs emphasizes that the costs charged to each party involved can meet the fairness principle, which is in accordance with their respective contributions to the implementation of wheeling. Broadly speaking, research related to wheeling can be grouped into research for developing wheeling cost calculation methods and research for developing wheeling cost allocation methods. The development of the wheeling cost calculation method also includes the development of cost components that can be included in the cost calculation. This study summarizes the discussion of wheeling costs on three aspects, namely calculation methods, cost components, and cost allocation mechanisms.

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OPTIMISATION OF WELDED BEAMS: HOW COST FUNCTIONS AFFECT THE RESULTS

Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference ◽

10.1017/dsd.2020.44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 2531-2540

Author(s):

D. Miler ◽

M. Hoić ◽

D. Žeželj

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Calculation Method ◽

Cost Functions ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Calculation Methods ◽

Market Competitiveness ◽

The Cost ◽

Negligible Influence

AbstractThe increasing market competitiveness and CAE availability require the products to be optimised. This practice is exceedingly present when producing semi-standard parts like structural elements. Several cost calculation methods are developed, bringing up the question - which one to use? In this article, we compared three methods; a welded I-section beam was used as an example. The optimisation was carried out using two objectives (mass and cost) and was submitted to Eurocode boundary conditions. The results have shown that the cost calculation method has a negligible influence on the results.

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ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462399153169 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 480-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Johan L Severens ◽

Gert-Jan van der Wilt

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Economic Evaluation ◽

Random Sample ◽

Calculation Method ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Methodological Review ◽

Medline Search ◽

The Cost

Objectives: The purpose of this review was to examine whether studies from the medical literature focusing on efficiency of diagnostic facilities reported economic evaluation methods appropriately, following guidelines for conducting and reporting economic evaluations.Methods: A Medline search was conducted, and studies that concerned a diagnostic technology and fulfilled the Drummond criteria were selected for methodological review. The reliability of selection and methodological review based on the abstracts was determined by scoring a random sample of both abstracts and full articles. lnterrater reliability was determined by scoring a random sample of abstracts by both authors. Kappa values were calculated. Nine methodological aspects were reviewed: study design, the type of economic evaluation, the comparison made, the study's perspective, the cost-effectiveness ratio used, the definition of cost-effective, the types of costs analyzed, the cost calculation method, and the use of sensitivity analysis.Results: Two hundred fifty studies published between 1992 and 1997 were found regarding efficiency of diagnosticfacilities; 134 studiesfulfilled the Drummond criteriaand were selected for methodological review. Kappavalues showed reliability of selection and methodological review and interrater reliability. The existing literatue on the economic evaluation of diagnostic facilities does not adhere well to guidelines for economic evaluation. In 95%, no perspective was mentioned, in 50% of the cases no ratio was given, in 82% the cost calculation method was not mentioned, and in 66% no sensitivity analysis was reported.Conclusions: Our review suggests that to improve the quality of reporting economic evaluations, editorial boards could issue and enforce guidelines for standard reporting of such studies.

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Design of Electrolytic Strengthening Machine for Cutting Edge of Cutter

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 693 ◽

pp. 1585-1590

Author(s):

Yi Zhuo Guo ◽

Xian Guo Yan ◽

Shu Juan Li ◽

Hong Guo

Keyword(s):

Service Life ◽

Calculation Method ◽

High Speed ◽

High Speed Steel ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

The Cost ◽

Electric Quantity

Many studies have proved the service life of cutter can be prolonged by electrolytic strengthening. Based on the theory of electrolytic strengthening technology, this paper introduced and developed prototype equipment for strengthening cutting edge of rotary cutter and put forward a calculation method of total electric quantity consumption during the electrolysis suitable for microcontroller. The M8 high-speed steel tap is taken as a strengthening example. After finished the strengthening process that it clearly see the results of the surface of tap was obviously polished by observing the micrograph. This equipment improves the reliability of electrolytic strengthening and the cost is relatively cheap.

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Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7327

Author(s):

Rajesh Singh ◽

Anita Gehlot ◽

Shaik Vaseem Akram ◽

Lovi Raj Gupta ◽

Manoj Kumar Jena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Materials Science ◽

Predictive Analytics ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cloud Manufacturing ◽

Service Evaluation ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Access Technology

The United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda on sustainable development goals (SDGs) encourages us to implement sustainable infrastructure and services for confronting challenges such as large energy consumption, solid waste generation, depletion of water resources and emission of greenhouse gases in the construction industry. Therefore, to overcome challenges and establishing sustainable construction, there is a requirement to integrate information technology with innovative manufacturing processes and materials science. Moreover, the wide implementation of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in constructing monuments, artistic objects, and residential buildings has gained attention. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud manufacturing (CM), and 3DP allows us to digitalize the construction for providing reliable and digitalized features to the users. In this review article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of implementing the IoT, CM, and 3D printing (3DP) technologies in building constructions for achieving sustainability. The recent convergence research of cloud development and 3D printing (3DP) are being explored in the article by categorizing them into multiple sections including 3D printing resource access technology, 3D printing cloud platform (3D–PCP) service architectures, 3D printing service optimized configuration technology, 3D printing service evaluation technology, and 3D service control and monitoring technology. This paper also examines and analyzes the limitations of existing research and, moreover, the article provides key recommendations such as automation with robotics, predictive analytics in 3DP, eco-friendly 3DP, and 5G technology-based IoT-based CM for future enhancements.

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Wideband Rectangular Foldable and Non-foldable Antenna for Internet of Things Applications

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2019/2125713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steve W. Y. Mung ◽

Cheuk Yin Cheung ◽

Ka Ming Wu ◽

Joseph S. M. Yuen

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Multiple Frequency ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Iot Applications ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Cost

This article presents a simple wideband rectangular antenna in foldable and non-foldable (printed circuit board (PCB)) structures for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Both are simple structures with two similar rectangular metal planes which cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS, WCDMA/LTE, and 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. This wideband antenna is suitable to integrate into the short- and long-range wireless applications such as the short-range 2.4 GHz ISM band and standard cellular bands. This lowers the overall size of the product as well as the cost in the applications. In this article, the configuration and operation principle are presented as well as its trade-offs on the design parameters. Simulated and experimental results of foldable and non-foldable (PCB) structures show that the antenna is suited for IoT applications.

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Foundation Piles—A New Feature for Concrete 3D Printers

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2545

Author(s):

Marcin Hoffmann ◽

Krzysztof Żarkiewicz ◽

Adam Zieliński ◽

Szymon Skibicki ◽

Łukasz Marchewka

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Shallow Foundation ◽

Soil Reinforcement ◽

3D Printer ◽

Permanent Formwork ◽

3D Printers ◽

New Feature ◽

The Cost

Foundation piles that are made by concrete 3D printers constitute a new alternative way of founding buildings constructed using incremental technology. We are currently observing very rapid development of incremental technology for the construction industry. The systems that are used for 3D printing with the application of construction materials make it possible to form permanent formwork for strip foundations, construct load-bearing walls and partition walls, and prefabricate elements, such as stairs, lintels, and ceilings. 3D printing systems do not offer soil reinforcement by making piles. The paper presents the possibility of making concrete foundation piles in laboratory conditions using a concrete 3D printer. The paper shows the tools and procedure for pile pumping. An experiment for measuring pile bearing capacity is described and an example of a pile deployment model under a foundation is described. The results of the tests and analytical calculations have shown that the displacement piles demonstrate less settlement when compared to the analysed shallow foundation. The authors indicate that it is possible to replace the shallow foundation with a series of piles combined with a printed wall without locally widening it. This type of foundation can be used for the foundation of low-rise buildings, such as detached houses. Estimated calculations have shown that the possibility of making foundation piles by a 3D printer will reduce the cost of making foundations by shortening the time of execution of works and reducing the consumption of construction materials.

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