Statistical Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Japan from 2002 to 2008

A large number of traffic tunnel accidents have been reported in China since the 21th century. However, few studies have been reported to analyze traffic accidents that have occurred in urban road tunnels. This study aims to examine the characteristics of the temporal, spatial, and modality distributions of traffic in Shanghai river crossing tunnels using statistical analysis and comparative analysis. Employing these techniques tunnel accident data obtained from Shanghai center 110 was analyzed to determine temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of traffic accidents in river crossing tunnels in Shanghai. The results of this analysis are discussed and summarized in this paper. Identification of the characteristics of tunnel traffic accidents can provide valuable information for development of effective countermeasures to improve tunnel safety in China.

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Characterising Functional Venom Profiles of Anthozoans and Medusozoans within Their Ecological Context

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18040202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 202 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lauren M. Ashwood ◽

Raymond S. Norton ◽

Eivind A. B. Undheim ◽

David A. Hurwood ◽

Peter J. Prentis

Keyword(s):

Tissue Expression ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Expression Data ◽

Ecological Context ◽

Sea Anemones ◽

Current State ◽

Venom Composition ◽

Peptide Toxins ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Pharmacological Screening

This review examines the current state of knowledge regarding toxins from anthozoans (sea anemones, coral, zoanthids, corallimorphs, sea pens and tube anemones). We provide an overview of venom from phylum Cnidaria and review the diversity of venom composition between the two major clades (Medusozoa and Anthozoa). We highlight that the functional and ecological context of venom has implications for the temporal and spatial expression of protein and peptide toxins within class Anthozoa. Understanding the nuances in the regulation of venom arsenals has been made possible by recent advances in analytical technologies that allow characterisation of the spatial distributions of toxins. Furthermore, anthozoans are unique in that ecological roles can be assigned using tissue expression data, thereby circumventing some of the challenges related to pharmacological screening.

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Growth and reproduction of Halicarcinus australis (Haswell) (Crustacea, Brachyura) in the Swan estuary, Western Australia. II. Larval stages

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9700163 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 163 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JS Lucas ◽

EP Hodgkin

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Laboratory Rearing ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Third Stage ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Larvae of Halicarcinus australis (Haswell) were collected in vertical plankton samples from eight stations in the Swan estuary during two summers. The majority of samples included live and dead larvae; the high proportion of dead larvae shows that there are other important causes of mortality besides predation. Third stage zoeae (the final larval stage) occur over more restricted salinity and temperature ranges than earlier zoeal stages, and their temporal and spatial distributions in the estuary are also more restricted. Laboratory rearing of H. australis larvae at 16 chlorinity-temperature combinations shows that larvae are less tolerant of extremes of these parameters than crabs. Hydrological conditions unfavourable for larval development occur throughout the estuary in winter and in upstream regions in summer. However, during much of these periods ovigerous females are present in crab populations and larvae are released, thus accounting for some of the mortality apparent from the plankton samples. Third stage zoeae are found progressively further up stream in summer associated with the advance of favourable salinities and with a zone of plankton abundance. Recruitment into crab populations reflects the time of completion of larval development at each locality.

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Statistical analysis of temporal and spatial trends of zoonotic agents in animals and food Part I: Critical review of the statistical analysis carried out on the Community Summary Report 2006 data

EFSA Journal ◽

10.2903/j.efsa.2009.253r ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 253r ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Critical Review ◽

Summary Report ◽

Spatial Trends ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Temporal And Spatial Trends

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A 10-Year Study on the Characteristics of Thunderstorms in Belgium Based on Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Data

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-14-00202.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (12) ◽

pp. 4839-4849 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dieter R. Poelman

Keyword(s):

Cell Tracking ◽

Total Activity ◽

The West ◽

European Cooperation ◽

Lightning Detection ◽

Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽

A Cell ◽

Direction Of Movement ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

The Individual

Abstract Temporal and spatial distributions of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning in Belgium are analyzed. Based on data from the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) network, spanning a period of 10 years between 2004 and 2013, mean CG flash densities vary between 0.3 km−2 yr−1 in the west up to 2.4 km−2 yr−1 toward the east of Belgium, with an average flash density of 0.7 km−2 yr−1. The same behavior is found in terms of thunderstorm days and hours, where in the east most of the activity is observed, with a drop-off toward the coast. The majority of lightning activity takes place in the summer months between May and August, accounting for nearly 90% of the total activity. Furthermore, the thunderstorm season reaches its highest activity in July in terms of CG detections, while the diurnal cycle peaks between 1500 and 1600 UTC. A correlation is found between the estimated peak currents and altitude, with on average higher absolute peak currents at lower elevations and vice versa. In addition, a cell tracking algorithm is applied to the data to monitor the behavior of the individual cells. It is found that the lightning cells travel at an average speed of about 25 km h−1, with a preferred northeasterly direction of movement. At last, CG flash rates are strongly related to the cell area.

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