scholarly journals RAINFALL INTENSITY GAUGE WITH WIDE RANGE, SHORT RESPONSE TIME AND LINEAR RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Tatsuo TANJI
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Short Response Time ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Modified solid ion-selective electrode for potentiometric determination of sulfide in oil refineries water

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Zeyad Abdullad ◽  
Shatha Al-Samarrai
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Wide Range

A selective electrode was manufactured to determine the sulfur ions by sedimentation method in industrial waters in oil refineries of North Refineries Company, Baiji, Iraq. The linear response on a wide range of concentration (from 1.0·10–1 to 1.0·10–6M) Na2S with a Nernst response of 28.229 mv per decade, theoretical value for slope of 29.58 mv per decade, correlation factor of 0.9998, detection limit of 2.287·10–7 at 25–35°C, pH 6.0–12.0, and the best concentration of the filling solution of 10–6M with a fast response time (5–13 s). The direct method were %RSD for 0.5772– –0.7430, %RE for –0.1, 3.7 and %REC for 99.9, 103.7.

scholarly journals Optical Micro-Wire Flow-Velocity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4025
Author(s):  
Matej Njegovec ◽  
Simon Pevec ◽  
Denis Donlagic
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Velocity Sensor ◽  
Short Response Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Flow Velocities

This paper presents a short response time, all-silica, gas-flow-velocity sensor. The active section of the sensor consists of a 16 µm diameter, highly optically absorbing micro-wire, which is heated remotely by a 980 nm light source. The heated microwire forms a Fabry–Perot interferometer whose temperature is observed at standard telecom wavelengths (1550 nm). The short response time of the sensor allows for different interrogation approaches. Direct measurement of the sensor’s thermal time constant allowed for flow-velocity measurements independent of the absolute heating power delivered to the sensor. This measurement approach also resulted in a simple and cost-efficient interrogation system, which utilized only a few telecom components. The sensor’s short response time, furthermore, allowed for dynamic flow sensing (including turbulence detection). The sensor’s bandwidth was measured experimentally and proved to be in the range of around 22 Hz at low flow velocities. Using time constant measurement, we achieved a flow-velocity resolution up to 0.006 m/s at lower flow velocities, while the resolution in the constant power configuration was better than 0.003 m/s at low flow velocities. The sensing system is constructed around standard telecommunication optoelectronic components, and thus suitable for a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Applicability of Cork as Novel Modifiers to Develop Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine Determination

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Mayra K. S. Monteiro ◽  
Djalma R. Da Silva ◽  
Marco A. Quiroz ◽  
Vítor J. P. Vilar ◽  
Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

This study aims to investigate the applicability of a hybrid electrochemical sensor composed of cork and graphite (Gr) for detecting caffeine in aqueous solutions. Raw cork (RAC) and regranulated cork (RGC, obtained by thermal treatment of RAC with steam at 380 °C) were tested as modifiers. The results clearly showed that the cork-graphite sensors, GrRAC and GrRGC, exhibited a linear response over a wide range of caffeine concentration (5–1000 µM), with R2 of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD), estimated at 2.9 and 6.1 µM for GrRAC and GrRGC, suggest greater sensitivity and reproducibility than the unmodified conventional graphite sensor. The low-cost cork-graphite sensors were successfully applied in the determination of caffeine in soft drinks and pharmaceutical formulations, presenting well-defined current signals when analyzing real samples. When comparing electrochemical determinations and high performance liquid chromatography measurements, no significant differences were observed (mean accuracy 3.0%), highlighting the potential use of these sensors to determine caffeine in different samples.

Electron transfer with TD-Split, a linear response time-dependent method

2011 ◽  
Vol 391 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizette A. Bartell ◽  
Randa Reslan ◽  
Michael R. Wall ◽  
Robert D. Kennedy ◽  
Daniel Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Time Dependent

Monodispersed hierarchical ZnGa2O4 microflowers for self-powered solar-blind detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 3113-3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Teng ◽  
Le Xin Song ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zhe Yuan Xu ◽  
Qing Shan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Blind Detection ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Short Response Time ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Self Powered

We successfully synthesized ZnGa2O4 microflowers self-assembled by hexagonal single-crystalline nanopetals. The ZnGa2O4 crystal exhibits improved solar-blind detection performance such as short response time, large light to dark current ratio and high photocurrent stability under zero bias voltage.

scholarly journals Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Qihua Ran ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jihui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Slope ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall patterns and landform characteristics are controlling factors in runoff and soil erosion processes. At a hillslope scale, there is still a lack of understanding of how rainfall temporal patterns affect these processes, especially on slopes with a wide range of gradients and length scales. Using a physically-based distributed hydrological model (InHM), these processes under different rainfall temporal patterns were simulated to illustrate this issue. Five rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, rising-falling and falling-rising) were applied to slopes, whose gradients range from 5° to 40° and projective slope lengths range from 25 m to 200 m. The rising-falling rainfall generally had the largest total runoff and soil erosion amount; while the constant rainfall had the lowest ones when the projective slope length was less than 100 m. The critical slope of total runoff was 15°, which was independent of rainfall pattern and slope length. However, the critical slope of soil erosion amount decreased from 35° to 25° with increasing projective slope length. The increasing rainfall had the highest peak discharge and erosion rate just at the end of the peak rainfall intensity. The peak value discharges and erosion rates of decreasing and rising-falling rainfalls were several minutes later than the peak rainfall intensity.

scholarly journals Efficient and Cost-effective Service Broker Policy Based on User Priority in VIKOR for Cloud Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammed Radi ◽  
Ali Alwan ◽  
Abedallah Abualkishik ◽  
Adam Marks ◽  
Yonis Gulzar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Service Broker

Cloud computing has become a practical solution for processing big data. Cloud service providers have heterogeneous resources and offer a wide range of services with various processing capabilities. Typically, cloud users set preferences when working on a cloud platform. Some users tend to prefer the cheapest services for the given tasks, whereas other users prefer solutions that ensure the shortest response time or seek solutions that produce services ensuring an acceptable response time at a reasonable cost. The main responsibility of the cloud service broker is identifying the best data centre to be used for processing user requests. Therefore, to maintain a high level of quality of service, it is necessity to develop a service broker policy that is capable of selecting the best data centre, taking into consideration user preferences (e.g. cost, response time). This paper proposes an efficient and cost-effective plan for a service broker policy in a cloud environment based on the concept of VIKOR. The proposed solution relies on a multi-criteria decision-making technique aimed at generating an optimized solution that incorporates user preferences. The simulation results show that the proposed policy outperforms most recent policies designed for the cloud environment in many aspects, including processing time, response time, and processing cost. KEYWORDS Cloud computing, data centre selection, service broker, VIKOR, user priorities

scholarly journals A comparison of different methods of evaluating glacier response characteristics: application to glacier AX010, Nepal Himalaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adhikari ◽  
S. J. Marshall ◽  
P. Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Response Behaviour ◽  
Himalayan Glaciers ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Small Valley

Abstract. Himalayan glaciers are considered to be amongst the most sensitive glaciers to climate change. However, the response behaviour of these glaciers is not well understood. Here we use several approaches to estimate characteristic timescales of glacier AX010, a small valley glacier in the Nepal Himalaya, as a measure of glacier sensitivity. Assuming that temperature solely defines the mass budget, glacier AX010 waits for about 8 yr (reaction time) to exhibit its initial terminus response to changing climate. On the other hand, it takes between 29–56 yr (volume response time) and 37–70 yr (length response time) to adjust its volume and length following the changes in mass balance conditions, respectively. A numerical ice-flow model, the only method that yields both length and volume response time, confirms that a glacier takes longer to adjust its length than its volume.

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